39.

Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines

and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
P H I L I P P I N E A R C H I T E C T U R E
Notable Architects and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines

Notable Architects of the Philippines
Juan Marcos Arellano y De Guzman (April 25,
1888 - December 5, 1960) or Juan M. Arellano, was
a Filipino architect, best known for Manilas
Metropolitan Theater (1935), Legislative Building
(1926); now houses the National Museum of the
Philppines), the Manila Central Post Office Building
(1926), Centarl Student Church (today known as the
Central United Methodist Church, 1932) the Negros
Occidental Provincial Capitol (1936), the Cebu
Provincial Capitol (1937), the Bank of the Philippine
Islands Cebu Main Branch (1940), Misamis
Occidental Provincial Capitol Building (1935) and
the Jones Bridge Pablo Antonio - The facade of the
main building of the Far Eastern University, designed
by Pablo Antonio in the late 1930s.

39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
He attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and
graduated in 1908. He pursued architecture and
was sent to the United States as one of the first
pensionados in architecture.

Arellano went to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1911 and
subsequently transferred to Drexel to finish his bachelor's degree in
Architecture. He was trained in the Beaux and subsequently went to work for
George B. Post & Sons in New York City, where he worked for Frederick Law
Olmsted, Jr.

He then returned to the Philippines to begin a practice with his brother,
Arcadio. He later joined the Bureau of Public Works just as the last American
architects, George Fenhagen and Ralph H. Doane, were leaving. He and
Toms Mapa were then named as supervising architects. In 1927, he took a
study leave and went to the United States where he was greatly influenced
by Art Deco architecture.

In 1930, he returned to Manila and designed the Manila Metropolitan
Theater, which was then considered controversially modern. In 1940, he and
Harry Frost created a design for Quezon City, which was to become the new
capital of the Philippines.
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.

It was during that time that he designed the building that would house the
United States High Commission to the Philippines, later the Embassy of the
United States in Manila. He designed a demesne along the edge of Manila
Bay, which featured a mission revival style mansion that took advantage of
the seaside vista.

During World War II, the Legislative Building and Jones Bridge, were totally
destroyed and the Post Office Building was severely damaged. While these
structures were all reconstructed, his original designs were not followed and
were considered poor replications.
Arellano retired in 1956 and went back to painting. In 1960, he exhibited his
work at the Manila YMCA.
He died at the age of 72 on December
Juan F. Nakpil (18991986) was a Filipino
architect, teacher and a community leader. In 1973,
he was named one of the National Artists for
architecture, and tapped as the Dean of Filipino
Architects.

39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
He was one of eight children of the Philippine
Revolution veterans Julio Nakpil and Gregoria de
Jesus (who married the former after the death of her
first husband Andrs Bonifacio).

Among Nakpil's works are San Carlos Seminary, Geronimo de los Reyes
Building, Magsaysay Building, Rizal Theater, Capitol Theater, Captain Pepe
Building, Manila Jockey Club, Rufino Building, Philippine Village Hotel,
University of the Philippines Administration and University Library, and the Rizal
Shrine in Calamba, Laguna. He also designed the International Eucharistic
Congress altar and improved the Quiapo Church in 1930 by erecting a dome
and a second belfry. He was hailed as a National Artist for Architecture in
1973.
Juan Napkil died in Manila, Philippines in 1986.

Leandro V. Locsin (August 15, 1928 - November
15, 1994) was a Filipino architect, artist, and interior
designer, known for his use of concrete, floating
volume and simplistic design in his various projects.
An avid collector, he was fond of modern painting
and Chinese ceramics. He was proclaimed a
National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture in
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
1990 by the late former President Corazon C.
Aquino. Locsin's largest single work is the Istana Nurul
Iman, the palace of the Sultan of Brunei, which has
a floor area of 2.2 million square feet. The CCP
Complex itself is a virtual Locsin Complex with all five
buildings designed by him -- the Cultural Center of
the Philippines, Folk Arts Theater, Philippine
International Convention Center, Philcite and The
Westin Hotel. University of the Philippines - Diliman,
commissioned Locsin to design a chapel that is
open and can easily accommodate 1,000 people.
The Church of the Holy Sacrifice is the first round
chapel in the Philippines to have an altar in the
middle, and the first to have a thin shell concrete
dome. In 1974, Locsin designed the Folk Arts Theater,
which is one of the largest single-span buildings in
the Philippines with a span of 60 meters. It was
completed in only seventy-seven days, in time for
the Miss Universe Pageant.
Notable Structures of Leandro V. Locsin
Cultural Center of the Philippines
Philippine International Convention Center
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
Parish of the Holy Sacrifice
Istana Nurul Iman
Francisco Maosa is a Filipino architect and national artist noted for his
Filipino inspired architectural designs. He designed The Coconut Palace.
Manosa, on May, 2008 built his own Ayala alabang village Bahay Kubo
mansion. With only 3 posts or "haligi", it has 5 one-inchcoconut shell doors,
2nd floor, a "silong", Muslim room, sala, and master's bedroom with a fish
pond therein. He was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for
Architecture in 2009 by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

Fernando Hizon Ocampo was a Filipino Architect
and Civil Engineer. Born August 7, 1897, in San
Fernando, Pampanga, he was the son of Dr. Basilio
Ocampo and Leoncia Hizon.

One of Manila's renowned architects, Ocampo was educated at the Ateneo
de Manila A.B., in 1914; University of Santo Tomas, Civil Engineering, 1919; and
University of Pennsylvania, Bachelor of Architecture, 1921. Following his
graduation from the University of Pennsylvania, he worked in the office of Mr.
Emile Perrot, an architect in Philadelphia, and then spent two years traveling
in Europe, giving particular attention to architectural designs. Returning to
Manila he was for four years an assistant architect in the Bureau of Public
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
Works. In 1927 he became associated with architect Tomas Arguelles and
established Arguelles and Ocampo, architects.

Many of Manila's finest business buildings and residences attest to Ocampo's
ability as an architect and engineer. Among these are the Manila Cathedral;
UST Central Seminary; the Arguelles, Paterno (later became Far Eastern Air
Transport Inc. or FEATI), Ayala, Cu Unjieng and Cu Unjieng and Fernandez
buildings; the Assumption Academy of Pampanga and the residence of Mr.
Joaquin Baltazar, the latter having taken the first prize in the 1930 beautiful
home contest.

Carlos Antonio Santos-Viola (April 8, 1912 - July
31, 1994) was an architect in the Philippines. He is
best known for designing and building churches for
the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) religious group.
Santos-Viola was one of the very first graduates of
the College of Architecture of the University of Santo
Tomas in 1935. During this time the professors then
were outstanding architects and engineers of the
period, such as Tomas Arguelles, Tomas Mapua,
Juan F. Nakpil, Fernando H. Ocampo, and Andres
Luna de San Pedro.
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
Santos-Viola worked in the office of Juan Nakpil
after graduating. There he met Juan's youngest
sister, Caridad, his future wife and mother to his
children: Rosario, Milagros, Paz, Lourdes and Carlos
Jr.
Shortly after World War II, he decided to open his own office in partnership
with Alfredo J. Luz. In 1955, both parted ways and practiced separately.
His first exposure to the INC group was executed under Nakpil's company
through the Bishop's Palace in San Juan, Manila. INC gave the subsequent
project directly to Santos-Viola. Although common elements may be visible,
his designs were distinct from one another. Each structure was created on
functionality that was built with integrity, adorned with 20th-century
geometric forms garnished with Gothic revival and Baroque lines. Among
those completed designs was the INC's central office in Quezon City.
Architect Santos-Viola was the only Filipino Architect who designed churches
that were built all over the Philippines.

Toms Mapa (1888-December 22, 1965) is a Filipino Architect. to heading
his own construction company (MYT Construction Works,Inc.) was president
of the Mapa Institute of Technology. Also, Tomas Mapua was the first
registered architect in the Philippines. He died on December 22, 1965 in
Manila.
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
Misericordia Street in Sta. Cruz, Manila was renamed to Tomas Mapua Street
in his honor. Today, Mapua Institute of Technology was formed and launched
also in his honor and his memory..

History of Architectural Organizations in the Philippines
1933 - The first architectural organization in the country was organized by a
handful of architects under the Philippine Architects Society (PAS).
September 2, 1945 - the name was changed to Philippine Institute of Architects
(PIA).
1950 - Fifteen members of the PIA seceded and formed the League of Philippine
Architects (LPA). The total number of registered architects at that time was
about 350.
February 19, 1955 - the board of the two organizations, PIA and LPA, conducted
a series of meetings to discuss ways and means towards a possible merger. At
the same time that these meetings were being held another organization for
architects was born: the Association of Philippine Government Architects or
APGA.
1960's - the need for an official voice for architects throughout the country
brought together once again the PIA and the LPA, and now joined by the
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
APGA to study ways in uniting the three organizations. The architects have
unknowingly laid the groundwork for what was to occur next.
1973 - PD 233 was passed creating the Professional Regulation Commission
(PRC) whose mandate is to accredit a sole organization representative of a
profession being practice in the country.
December 10, 1973 - the boards of the PIA, the LPA and the APGA met jointly
and made a historic resolution to implement the common desire to unite the
three organizations into one body.
December 12, 1973 - the Constitution and By-Laws of this new organization was
approved.
December 16, 1973 - The resolution made by the joint boards was ratified by a
joint general meeting of members of the three organizations at the Architectural
Center, Ayala Avenue, Makati.
United Architects of the Philippines - The new organization was named. Chosen
from a long list of 78 options. At the end, the central concept of "unity" won
over.

Interim Board - created to guide UAP in this period of transition. They were to
hold office until the formal election of the first Board of Directors.
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
May 12, 1975 - UAP was issued Certificate of Accreditation Number 001 by the
PRC for having satisfactorily complied with all the requirements for
accreditation. This made UAP the first professional organization officially
recognized by the Republic of the Philippines.
December 12, 1975 - the first Board of Directors of the UAP was elected. LPA and
APGA, as they committed, ceased all their activities.
October 19, 1978 - the twenty-six past presidents and fellows of the PIA
formulated and signed a resolution expressing full support to the UAP.
September 1979 - UAP became a founding member of the Architects Regional
Council Asia (ARCASIA) and Arcasia Board of Architectural Education (ABAE)
organized in Jakarta, Indonesia. Its primary objective is to foster friendly,
intellectual, artistic, educational and scientific relations among national institutes
of Architects in Asia. Later this was changed to Arcasia Council of Architectural
Education (ACAE). The UAP also became a founding member of the ASEAN
Association for Planning and Housing (AAPH).
December 1979 - the UAP organized a 4-month activity entitled "Filipino
Technology in the 80`s in collaboration with the five professional organizations,
two ASEAN Organizations, fourteen government agencies and schools of
architecture.
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
March 28, 1981 - the UAP initiated the preparation of the document entitled
"International Code of Ethics on Consulting Services" during the Arcasia
Workshop held in Manila. It was later formally adopted by ARCASIA in its
meeting in Hong Kong on August 6, 1981.
June 4-5 1982 Union Internationale des Architectes (UIA) concerning the laws
of the Philippines and the status of the UAP as a follow up of its application to
the UIA, the UIA Bureau during its meeting at Honolulu, Hawaii concluded that
"legally according to the laws of the Philippines, the UAP is the only organization
with the right to represent the Filipino architects either in the Philippines or
internationally and particularly with regards to the UIA.
January 24-26, 1983 - during the meeting of the the UIA Council at Santiago de
Chile, Chile, the Council passed Resolution No. 9 stating the "following the laws
of the Philippines and the UIA Statutes, UAP legally became the National
Section". A certification to this effect was issued to the UAP in April 1983.
The United Architects of the Philippines today claims a membership of
over 8,000 architects scattered over 3 strategic areas of the country: Area A,
comprising the central and northern portion of the Island of Luzon including
Metropolitan Manila comprises 5 regional districts; Area B composing southern
Luzon as well as the members from the islands of Mindoro, Masbate and
Palawan contains five regional districts; Area C comprises members from the
Visayan Islands as well as Mindanao. This area comprises four regional districts.
39. Philippine Architecture, Notable Architects of the Philippines
and the History of Architects Organization in the Philippines,
SAGUN, Warren and MIRANDA, Erick Mark, BSAR-3B.
Sources:
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-
a/article.php?igm=1&i=111
http://elwinfb.tripod.com/uapcia/uapfaq1.htm
http://www.scribd.com/doc/121563073/5-Filipino-Architects-and-their-designs
http:/www.wikipedia.org