Guia Rpido de Python

From OLPC
Contents
1 Comentrios
2 Imprimir na tela
3 Variveis
4 Strings
5 The 'While' Loop
6 Conditional Statements 'If'
7 The 'For' Loop
8 Funes
9 Tuples
10 Lists
11 Dictionaries
12 Mdulos
13 Referncias
Comentrios
# I am a comment.
Imprimir na tela
# em linhas diferentes
print Hello World!!!
print Hi!!!
# na mesma linha
print Hello World!!!,
print Hi!!!
Variveis
No precisa declarar antes de usar
O tipo de varivel ser o primeiro que for usado. Assim, se for usado uma string, a varivel ser do tipo string
v = 1
print "The value of v is now", v
v = v + 1
print "v now equals itself plus one, making it worth", v
Strings
# Para usar
word1 = "Good"
# Imprimir na mesma linha com espao
print word1, word2
# Concatenar
sentence = word1 + " " + word2 + " " +word3
The 'While' Loop
A indentao obrigatria
a = 0
while a < 10:
a = a + 1
print a
Conditional Statements 'If'
if a > 5:
print "Big number!"
elif a % 2 != 0:
print "This is an odd number"
else:
print "this number isn't greater than 5"
- elif desempenha o mesmo papel do else if da linguagem C.
The 'For' Loop
newList = [45, 'eat me', 90210, "The day has come, the walrus said, \
to speak of many things", -67]
for value in newList:
print value
word = raw_input("Who do you go for? ")
for letter in word:
call = "Gimme a " + letter + "!"
print call
A \ serve para indicar que a declarao continua na outra linha.
Funes
# Input: serve para pegar uma entrada do usurio
mult1 = input("Multiply this: ")
# Definir uma funo
def funnyfunction(first_word,second_word,third_word):
print "The word created is: " + first_word + second_word + third_word
return first_word + second_word + third_word
def add(a,b):
print a, "+", b, "=", a + b
# Usar uma funo
sentence = funnyfunction(a, na, nova)
add(input("Add this: "),input("to this: "))
Tuples
So listas, s que no se pode alterar seus valores.
months = ('January','February','March','April','May','June',\
'July','August','September','October','November',' December')
Lists
So listas de valores que podem ser alterados.
# Criar uma List
cats = ['Tom', 'Snappy', 'Kitty', 'Jessie', 'Chester']
# Imprimir elemento especfico
print cats[2]
# Adicionar um novo item a List
cats.append('Catherine')
# Deletar um item da List
del cats[1]
Dictionaries
Tem-se um 'index' de palavras e para uma delas uma definio. In python, a palavra chamada de 'key' e a definio de 'value'.
# Criar um Dictionary
phonebook = {'Andrew Parson':8806336, \
'Emily Everett':6784346, 'Peter Power':7658344, \
'Lewis Lame':1122345}
# Adicionar uma nova entrada no Dictionary
phonebook['Gingerbread Man'] = 1234567
# Deletar uma entrada do Dictionary
del phonebook['Andrew Parson']
# Criar um Dictionary vazio
ages = {}
# in: retorna verdadeiro se existe o key-name no dictionary
if 'Sue' in ages:
print "Sue is in the dictionary. She is", \
ages['Sue'], "years old"
# keys(): retorna uma lista com todos os nomes das keys
print "The following people are in the dictionary:"
print ages.keys()
# values(): retorna uma lista de todos os values
print "People are aged the following:", \
ages.values()
# Colocar em uma List (assim voc pode reordenar)
keys = ages.keys()
values = ages.values()
# Reordenao em uma List
keys.sort()
values.sort()
# len(): retorna o nmero de entradas do dictionary
print "The dictionary has", \
len(ages), "entries in it"
Mdulos
um arquivo python que contm s definies de variveis, funes e classes. Exemplo:
numberone = 1
ageofqueen = 78
def printhello():
print "hello"
def timesfour(input):
translate
print input * 4
class Piano:
def __init__(self):
self.type = raw_input("What type of piano? ")
self.height = raw_input("What height (in feet)? ")
self.price = raw_input("How much did it cost? ")
self.age = raw_input("How old is it (in years)? ")
def printdetails(self):
print "This piano is a/an " + self.height + " foot",
print self.type, "piano, " + self.age, "years old and costing\
" + self.price + " dollars."
Importar um mdulo completo: colocar no programa principal, desde que o mdulo esteja na mesma pasta do arquivo ou
venha com o python
import moduletest
Importar objetos individuais de um mdulo
from moduletest import ageofqueen
from moduletest import printhello
Usar mdulo completo
print moduletest.ageofqueen
cfcpiano = moduletest.Piano()
cfcpiano.printdetails()
Usar objetos individuais do mdulo
print ageofqueen
printhello()
Referncias
www.sthurlow.com/python (http://www.sthurlow.com/python)
Guia Rapido de PyGTK
Retrieved from "http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Guia_R%C3%A1pido_de_Python"
Categories: HowTo | Python | Developers
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Last edited on 10:49, 26 February 2010.
Content is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5
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