Android devices & USB audio

Previous millennium USB basics USB host & USB peripheral

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is introduced in 1996.
USB is a master-slave communication bus: USB communication can only
take lace bet!een a master device and a slave device.
" master# or USB host# is a comuter.
" slave# or USB eriheral# can be a mouse# a keyboard# a $"%# a
telehone# a smarthone# a tablet &
USB !as desi'ned to be easy to use: lu'-and-lay(
)hen a user connects a USB eriheral (*or e+amle a USB $"%) to a
USB host (*or e+amle a ,%)# the USB host-s oeratin' system (*or
e+amle )indo!s or .inu+) detects the USB eriheral and loads the
aroriate so*t!are driver (*or e+amle a USB $"% driver or USB
audio driver).
Current millennium USB On-The-Go (OTG! a supplement to the
USB standard
/ore and more smart eriherals# like smarthones or tablets# have all
the *eatures o* a comuter.
0or e+amle# "ndroid smarthones or tablets are .inu+-based comuters.
"ndroid relies on .inu+ *or core system services such as security#
memory mana'ement# rocess mana'ement# net!ork stack# and driver
model.
Thus "ndroid handles all the thin's that .inu+ is really 'ood at such as a
vast array o* device drivers# !hich take the ain out o* inter*acin' to
eriheral hard!are.
"s le'acy comuters# le'acy eriherals like "ndroid smarthones or
tablets havin' all the *eatures o* a comuter need to interconnect !ith
eriherals. This slave-to-slave communication *unctionality is not
suorted by the master-to-slave communication USB model.
To address this need# the USB 1T2 concet is added to the USB standard
in 3449.
USB 1T2 retains the le'acy master-to-slave or USB host-to-USB
eriheral communication model.
" USB 1T2 device is a dual-role USB device# sometimes a USB host#
sometimes a USB eriheral:
. a USB 1T2-caable "ndroid device oeratin' as a USB eriheral can
inter!ork !ith a ,% oeratin' as a USB host
. a USB 1T2-caable "ndroid device oeratin' as a USB host can
inter!ork !ith a USB $"% al!ays oeratin' as a USB eriheral.
" USB 1T2 so*t!are ro'ram and USB 1T2 hard!are comonents are
added at the USB level.
" USB 1T2 device is con*i'ured to USB host mode or USB eriheral
mode by USB 1T2 so*t!are5hard!are measurin' the value o* the 6$
resistance o* the USB inter*ace.
)hen the /icro-B lu' is inserted into the /icro-"B recetacle o* a
USB 1T2-caable "ndroid device# the 6$ resistance is 'reater than 147#
and the "ndroid device is con*i'ured to USB eriheral mode.
)hen the /icro-" lu' is inserted into the /icro-"B recetacle o* a
USB 1T2-caable "ndroid device# the 6$ resistance is less than 147#
and the "ndroid device is con*i'ured to USB host mode.
To be e+haustive# an initial USB host and an initial USB eriheral can e+chan'e role i* necessary by
usin' the 8ost 9e'otiation ,rotocol.
USB po"erin#
" ortable ri': Samsun' 2ala+y S 666 smarthone : "e+ 2lacier USB
$"%5am : ;8 "udio ;8 1< ,ro 6=/
)hen the "ndroid device is in USB host mode# it acts as a USB host and
o!ers the bus# i.e. a bus-o!ered USB $"%5am like an "e+ 2lacier
in bus-o!ered mode.
The "e+ 2lacier can be con*i'ured in sel*-o!ered mode. 6t dra!s
o!er *rom its o!n batteries.
"n "ccessory %har'er "dater ("%")-comliant "ndroid device
oeratin' as a USB host is also able to char'e at the same time.
6t dra!s o!er *rom an e+ternal "%"-comliant battery# or *rom an
"%"-comliant USB $"%.
"%" is described in the USB Battery %har'in' 1.3 seci*ication.
The "%" so*t!are ro'ram is resent in the .inu+ kernel source code o*
the Samsun' 2ala+y S 666.
htts:55'ithub.com5s's<52T-69<44>?ernel5blob5master5arch5arm5mach-
e+ynos514-battery.c@.3AB
" USB 1T2 device is con*i'ured to USB host mode sulyin' or
dra!in' o!er# or USB eriheral mode by "%"51T2
so*t!are5hard!are measurin' the value o* the 6$ resistance o* the USB
inter*ace.
"ccordin' to the value o* the 6$ resistance
. the "ndroid device should act as a USB host# inter!ork !ith the USB
$"% actin' as a USB eriheral# and suly o!er to the bus-o!ered
USB $"%
. the "ndroid device should act as a USB host# inter!ork !ith the USB
$"% actin' as a USB eriheral# and dra! o!er *rom an e+ternal
battery
. the "ndroid device should act as a standalone USB eriheral# and dra!
o!er *rom an e+ternal battery
. the "ndroid device should act as a USB eriheral# inter!ork !ith a
USB host# and dra! o!er *rom an e+ternal o!er source.
$ell% Bean-announced USB audio! %et another Android
&ra#mentation'
"t the announcement o* "ndroid A.1 ;elly Bean in ;une 3413# 2oo'le
introduced a ne! tye o* USB $"% behavin' as USB host# that can-t
inter!ork !ith ,% or /ac also behavin' as USB host.
"ccordin' to 2oo'le# this 'ives "ndroid devices that do not have host
caabilities the ability to interact !ith USB hard!are.
These brand ne! USB hard!are or eriherals have to act as USB host.
These ossible ne! eriherals incomatible !ith ,% or /ac divide the
"ndroid eriheral ecosystem. $ivide and delay(
9o ;elly Bean-announced USB $"% is available *or the time bein'.
6t *eeds and Custi*ies the attacks o* "ndroid *oes *or their *avourite tar'et:
"ndroid *ra'mentation(
Standard Android USB audio! a (e" )id in USB audio To"n *i-+i
&or the masses'
The standard USB audio# comatible !ith ,% or /ac# !ill be boosted by
numerous "ndroid devices# the most numerous comuters due to the *ree
and oen source "ndroid.
/ore and more "ndroid devices can inter!ork !ith standard USB $"%:
htt:55!!!.head-*i.or'5t5D9D4E15android-hones-and-usb-dacs519<D
" lot o* human bein's already have the imortant art o* their 8i-0i
systems: the source(
The sources can be:
. chea or subsidiFed "ndroid smarthones:
htt:55smarthone.'eekbuyin'.com5
. chea "ndroid tablets:
htt:55!!!.'eekbuyin'.com5Search5Gkey!ordHtablet
. chea (I<4:) "ndroid mini ,%:
htt:55!!!.amaFon.com5s5re*Hnb>sb>noss>1GurlHsearch-alias
J<$asK*ield-key!ordsH"ndroid:mini:,%KrhHiJ<"asJ3%k
J<""ndroid:mini:,%
" di'ital audio system is comosed o*:
. " stora'e module: /usic is stored in *ile as a series o* bits 4 K 1 !ith
di**erent encodin' *ormats (/,<# )"L# 0."%).
. " layer: The layer decodes the bits 4 K 1 to ,%/ di'ital audio
si'nals.
. " $"% ($i'ital to "nalo' %onverter): The $"% converts the ,%/
di'ital audio si'nals to the ori'inal analo' audio si'nals.
. "n amli*ier: The amli*ier amli*ies the analo' audio si'nals.
. " seaker: The seaker restitutes the music.
.ike a ,% or a /ac# an "ndroid device is a di'ital audio system.
"ndroid devices !ith USB audio enabled can outut the ,%/ di'ital
audio stream to an e+ternal standard USB $"% K amli*ier# otentially
much more e**icient than the internal $"% K amli*ier.