This outcome has been achieved with the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports

of the Czech Republic, project No. 1M0579

Update: 20.11. 2006 1.1.3.2-9
Summary
Based on data compiled in this work proposes
new temperature-dependent relationships /
functions for concrete strength (compressive and
tensile), modulus of elasticity, fracture energy and
Poisson ratio. The curves are designed on the
basis of literature published in [1]. A comparison
of the designed functions with their counterparts
found in existing codes, authoritative design
guides and literature is presented. Surprisingly
enough, functions for selected parameters (namely
fracture energy and Poisson ratio) were not found
in any code although they are necessary for
realistic numerical simulations of structural
responses. For the practical reasons, relationships
proposed in this work are designed as continuous
functions whilst data found in codes are presented
as discrete points in tables. It is believed that an
analytical formulation is friendlier for
implementing computational models, e.g. sort of
transient coupled thermal and structural analysis
and others. The temperature dependence of these
parameters is an important ingredient for the safe
design and assessment of structures undergoing
high temperature loading (fire, etc.).
Field of application
The behaviour of concrete structures at extreme
temperatures is presently a subject of research
concerning the safe operation of various types of
structures (fire safety of tunnels, chemical
factories, industrial and high rise buildings, power
plants, etc.).
The utilization of the presented results is suitable
for a design of bearing and non-bearing concrete
and reinforced concrete structures that are
presumed to be loaded by high temperatures.
Another possible utilization is for an assessment
of the residual state of existing structures that
were already affected by high temperatures. The
presented functional dependencies of the
mechanical/fracture parameters of concrete on
temperature extend recommendations of existing
design documents and guidelines. Designed
functions may serve as input data for linear and
nonlinear calculations of structures subjected to
high temperature loading.
Methodological and conceptual
approach
The typical parameters of quantifying material
strength are compressive and tensile strength.
Stiffness is typically quantified by modulus of
elasticity. Another elastic constant related to strain
in biaxial stress state is the Poisson ratio.
Only parameters such as strength and stiffness are
unable to describe concrete behaviour in
complexity. They do not describe the material
from the point of view of toughness, brittleness or
ductility.
The typical parameters used to assess the
brittleness/toughness of concrete are fracture
toughness, fracture energy, the brittleness index
and characteristic length. Each of these
characteristics has a different physical/mechanical
meaning. The knowledge, especially, of fracture
energy is necessary for nonlinear simulations of
structures made of quasi-brittle materials.
A lack of input parameters is a frequent problem
in numerical modelling, mainly their dependences
on temperature (temperature history). Whereas for
commonmechanical parameters (compressive
strength, modulus of elasticity) the data are partly
available. In the field of fracture mechanics at
high temperatures the data are still insufficient
(tensile strength, fracture energy).
A large number of experimental data from
scientific publications were collected in the scope
of this work [1-12]. On the basis of these data,
functional dependencies of concrete
mechanical/fracture parameters on temperature
were designed. The functions are formulated as a
dependence of reduction coefficients k for
individual parameters at elevated temperatures. In
1 INTEGRATED DESIGN OF STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS FOR CONSTRUCTION
1.1 Theoretical bases of integrated design
1.1.3 Methods of structural design stressing durability and reliability
1.1.3.2 Degradation models; assessment of material imperfections and technological effects, definition of
critical values of degradation impacts, application
Author: Ing. Dita Matesov, Ph.D.; Brno University of Technology
EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURES ON MECHANICAL PARAMETERS
OF CONCRETE COMPOSITES




This outcome has been achieved with the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, project No. 1M0579
Update: 20.11. 2006 1.1.3.2-9
all cases the functions k(t) are designed such that
the reduction parameter k = 1 at temperature t =
20C.
An example of k(t) function for fracture energy
vs. temperature together with the weighted
averages of experimental data is given in fig. 1.

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Temperature, t (C)
R
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

f
o
r

f
r
a
c
t
u
r
e
e
n
e
r
g
y

(
-
)
averages from exper. data
regression
Fig. 1 Reduction coefficient for fracture energy of
concrete vs. temperature.
References
[1] Matesov, D. Fracture/mechanical parameters
of quasi brittle materials at high temperatures for
numerical modelling. Dissertation. Brno
University of Technology, Faculty of Civil
Engineering, Institute of Structural Mechanics,
2005, p. 0-118.
[2] Wu, B., Su, X., Li, H., Yuan, J. (2002). Effect
of high temperature on residual mechanical
properties of confined und unconfined high-
strength concrete, ACI Material Journal 99(4), pp.
399-407.
[3] Janotka, I., Bagel, L. (2002). Pore structures,
permeabilities and compressive strengths of
concrete at temperatures up to 800C. ACI
Material Journal 99(2), pp. 196-200.
[4] Phan, L. T., Carino, N. J. (2002). Effect of test
conditions and mixture proportions on behavior of
high strength concrete exposed to high
temperatures. ACI Material Journal 99(1), pp. 54-
66.
[5] Luo, X., Sun, W., Chan, S.Y.N. (2000). Effect
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strength and microstructure of normal strength
and high-performance concrete. Cement and
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[6] Janotka, I., Nurnbergerova, T., Nad, L. (2000).
Behaviour of high-strength concrete with
dolomitic aggregate at high temperatures. Mag. of
Concrete Res. 52, No. 6, pp. 399-406.
[7] Nielsen, C.V., Bicanic, N. (2003). Residual
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concrete subject to high temperatures. Materials
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[8] Chen, B., Liu, J. (2004) Residual strength of
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after exposure to high temperatures. Cement and
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[9] Poon, C. S., Shui, Z. H., Lam, L. (2004)
Compressive behavior of fiber reinforced high-
performance concrete subjected to elevated
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pp. 2215-2222
[10] Sakr, K., El-Hakim (2004) Effect of
temperature or fire on heavy weight concrete
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[11] Savva, A., Manita, P., Sideris, K.K. (2005)
Influence of elevated temperatures on the
mechanical properties of blended cement
concretes prepared with limestone and siliceous
aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites 27,
pp. 239-248
[12] Zhang, B., Bicanic, N. (2002). Residual
fracture toughness of normal and high strength
gravel concrete after heating to 600C. ACI
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