EMC Interview Question

DAS,NAS,SAN?
DAS :
In a Direct Attached Storage (DAS) environment, servers connect directly to the disk array typically
via a SCSI interface. The same connectivity port on the Disk array cannot e shared et!een
m"ltiple servers. Clients connect to the Servers thro"gh the #ocal Area $et!ork The distance
et!een the Server and the Disk array is governed y the SCSI limitations. %ith the
advent of Storage Area $et!orks and &ire Channel interface, this method of Disk array access is
ecoming less prevalent.
$AS:
In a $et!ork Attached Storage ($AS) environment, $AS Devices access the disks in an array via
direct connection or thro"gh e'ternal connectivity. The $AS heads are optimi(ed for file serving.
They are set"p to e'port)share file systems. Servers called $AS clients access these file systems
over the #ocal Area $et!ork (#A$) to r"n applications. The clients connect to these servers also
over the #A$.
SA$:
In a Storage Area $et!ork (SA$) environment, servers access the disk array thro"gh a dedicated
net!ork designated as SA$ in the slide. SA$ consists of &ire Channel s!itches that provide
connectivity et!een the servers and the disk array. In this model, m"ltiple servers can access the
same &ire Channel port on the disk array. The distance et!een the server and the
disk array can also e greater than that permitted in a direct attached SCSI environment. Clients
comm"nicate !ith the servers over the #ocal Area $et!ork (#A$).

What is fabric and fabric management?
Ans: A faric is a virt"al space in !hich all storage nodes comm"nicate !ith each other over
distances. It can e created !ith a single s!itch or a gro"p of s!itches connected together. *ach
s!itch contains a "ni+"e domain identifier !hich is "sed in the address schema of the faric.
In order to identify the nodes in a faric, ,-.it fire channel addressing is "sed.
&aric services: %hen a device logs into a faric, its information is maintained in a dataase. The
common services fo"nd in a faric are:
#ogin Service
$ame Service
&aric Controller
/anagement Server
&aric /anagement : /onitoring and managing the s!itches is a daily activity for most SA$
administrators. Activities incl"de accessing the specific management soft!are for monitoring
p"rposes and (oning.
What is zoning? What all the different types of zoning?
Ans: There are several config"ration layers involved in granting nodes the aility to comm"nicate
!ith each other:
/emers . $odes !ithin the SA$ !hich can e incl"ded in a (one.
0ones . Contains a set of memers that can access each other. A port or a node can e
memers of m"ltiple (ones.
0one Sets . A gro"p of (ones that can e activated or deactivated as a single entity in either a
single "nit or a m"lti."nit faric. 1nly one (one set can e active at one time per faric. Can also
e referred to as a 0one Config"ration.
In general, (oning can e divided into three categories:
%%$ (oning . %%$ (oning "ses the "ni+"e identifiers of a node !hich have een recorded in
the s!itches to either allo! or lock access A ma2or advantage of %%$ (oning is fle'iility. The SA$
can e re.caled !itho"t having to reconfig"re the (one information since the %%$ is static to the
port.
3ort (oning . 3ort (oning "ses physical ports to define (ones. Access to data is determined y
!hat physical port a node is connected to. Altho"gh this method is +"ite sec"re, sho"ld recaling
occ"r (oning config"ration information m"st e "pdated.
/i'ed 0oning 4 /i'ed (oning comines the t!o methods aove. 5sing mi'ed (oning allo!s a
specific port to e tied to a node %%$. This is not a typical method.
What is Single HBA Zoning?
Ans: 5nder single.67A (oning, each 67A is config"red !ith its o!n (one. The memers of the (one
consist of the 67A and one or more storage ports !ith the vol"mes that the 67A !ill "se.
T!o reasons for Single 67A 0oning incl"de:
C"ts do!n on the reset time for any change made in the state of the faric.
1nly the nodes !ithin the same (one !ill e forced to log ack into the faric after a 8SC$
(8egistered State Change $otification).
What is LN !as"ing?
Ans: Device (#5$) /asking ens"res that vol"me access to servers is controlled appropriately. This
prevents "na"thori(ed or accidental "se in a distri"ted environment.
A (one set can have m"ltiple host 67As and a common storage port. #5$ /asking prevents m"ltiple
hosts from trying to access the same vol"me presented on the common storage port.
What is iSNS #$nternet Storage Name ser%ice&?
Ans: *ach &ire Channel $ame Service message has an e+"ivalent iS$S message. This mapping is
transparent, allo!ing i&C3 farics !ith iS$S s"pport to provide the same services that &ire Channel
farics can.
%hen an i&C3 or iSCSI gate!ay receives a $ame Service *#S, it is directly converted to the
e+"ivalent iS$S $ame Service message. The gate!ay intercepts the response and maps any
addressing information otained from +"eries to its internal address translation tale efore
for!arding the $ame Service *#S response to the original &ire Channel re+"ester.
What is 'iber (hannel?
Ans: &ire channel is a set of standards !hich define protocols for performing high speed serial data
transfer. The standards define a layered model similar to the 1SI model fo"nd in traditional
net!orking technology. &ire Channel provides a standard data transport frame into !hich m"ltiple
protocol types can e encaps"lated. The addressing scheme "sed in &ire Channel s!itched farics
!ill s"pport over 9: million devices in a single faric.
What is Hot Spare?
Ans: A hot spare is an idle component (often a drive) in a 8AID array that ecomes a temporary
replacement for a failed component.
&or e'ample:
The hot spare takes the failed drive;s identity in the array.
Data recovery takes place. 6o! this happens is ased on the 8AID implementation:
If parity !as "sed, data !ill e re"ilt onto the hot spare from the parity and data on the
s"rviving drives.
If mirroring !as "sed, data !ill e re"ilt "sing the data from the s"rviving mirrored drive.
The failed drive is replaced !ith a ne! drive at some time later.
1ne of the follo!ing occ"rs:
The hot spare replaces the ne! drive permanently<meaning that it is no longer a hot spare
and a ne! hot spare m"st e config"red on the system.
%hen the ne! drive is added to the system, data from the hot spare is copied to the ne!
drive. The hot spare ret"rns to its idle state, ready to replace the ne't failed drive.
$ote: The hot spare drive needs to e large eno"gh to accommodate the data from the failed drive
6ot spare replacement can e:
A"tomatic . !hen a disk;s recoverale error rates e'ceed a predetermined threshold, the disk
s"system tries to copy data from the failing disk to a spare one. If this task completes efore the
damaged disk fails, the s"system s!itches to the spare and marks the failing disk "n"sale. (If not
it "ses parity or the mirrored disk to recover the data, as appropriate).
5ser initiated . the administrator tells the system !hen to do the re"ild. This gives the
administrator control (e.g., re"ild overnight so as not to degrade system performance), ho!ever,
the system is v"lnerale to another
fail"re eca"se the hot spare is no! "navailale. Some systems implement m"ltiple hot spares to
improve availaility.
What is Hot S)ap?
Ans: #ike hot spares, hot s!aps enale a system to recover +"ickly in the event of a fail"re. %ith a
hot s!ap the "ser can replace the failed hard!are (s"ch as a controller) !itho"t having to sh"t
do!n the system.
Data A%ailability at the host?
Ans:
/"ltiple 67As: 8ed"ndancy can e implemented "sing m"ltiple 67As. 67As are the host;s
connection to the storage s"system.
/"lti.pathing soft!are: /"lti.pathing soft!are is a server.resident, availaility enhancing, soft!are
sol"tion. It "tili(es the availale 67As on the server to provide red"ndant comm"nication paths
et!een host and storage devices. It provides m"ltiple path I)1 capailities and path failover, and
may also provide a"tomatic load alancing. This ass"res "ninterr"pted data transfers even in the
event of a path fail"re.
Cl"stering: Cl"stering "ses red"ndant host systems connected together. In the event that one of the
hosts in the cl"ster fails, its f"nctions !ill e ass"med y the s"rviving memer(s). Cl"ster memers
can e config"red to transparently take over each others; !orkload, !ith minimal or no impact to
the "ser.
What is HBA?
Ans: The host connects to storage devices "sing special hard!are called a 6ost 7"s Adapter (67A).
67As are generally implemented as either an add.on card or a chip on the motheroard of the
host. The ports on the 67A are the host;s connection to the storage s"system. There may e
m"ltiple 67As in a host.
The 67A has the processing capaility to handle some storage commands, therey red"cing the
"rden on the host C35.
What is *ol+me !anager?
Ans: The =ol"me /anager is an optional intermediate layer et!een the filesystem and the physical
disks. It can aggregate several smaller disks to form a larger virt"al disk and make this virt"al
disk visile to higher level programs and applications. It optimi(es access to storage and
simplifies the management of storage reso"rces.
,-plain raid le%els?
Ans:
8AID > 4 Striped Array !ith no &a"lt Tolerance
8AID 9 4 Disk /irroring
8AID >?9 4 Striping and /irroring
8AID 9?> 4 /irroring and Striping
8AID @ . 3arallel Transfer !ith Dedicated 3arity Disk
8AID - . Striping !ith Dedicated 3arity Disk
8AID A . Independent Disks !ith Distri"ted 3arity
What is DWD!?
Ans: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
D%D/ is a technology that p"ts data from different so"rces together on an optical fier !ith
each signal carried on its o!n separate light !avelength (commonly referred to as a lamda or B).
5p to @, protected and :- "nprotected separate
!avelengths of data can e m"ltiple'ed into a light
stream transmitted on a single optical fier.
,-plain '($., $'(., $S(S$?
Ans:
&CI3 4 TC3)I3 ased t"nneling)encaps"lating protocol for connecting)e'tending &ire Channel
SA$s. The entire &C frame is sent over I3 links.
i&C3 4 Cate!ay.to.gate!ay protocol for &C3 over I3. /apping natively in I3 across &ire Channel
and I3. An I3.ased t"nneling protocol for interconnecting &ire Channel devices together in place of
&ire Channel s!itches. %hen i&C3 creates the I3 packets, it inserts information that is readale y
net!ork devices and ro"tale !ithin the I3 net!ork. i&C3 !raps &ire Channel data in I3 packets
"t maps I3 addresses to individ"al &ire Channel ports.
iSCSI 4 $ative TC3)I3 protocol. An I3.ased protocol for estalishing and managing Connections
et!een I3ased storage devices, hosts, and clients. $o &ire Channel content, "t ridging
et!een iSCSI and &C is possile.
What are WWN and WW.N?
Ans:
%%$: All &ire Channel devices (ports) have :- it "ni+"e identifiers called %orld %ide $ames
(%%$). These %%$s are similar to the /AC address "sed on a TC3)I3 adapter, in that they "ni+"ely
identify a device on the net!ork and are "rned into the hard!are or assigned thro"gh soft!are. It
is a critical feat"re, as it "sed in several config"rations "sed for storage access.
%%3$:6o!ever, in order to comm"nicate in the SA$, a port also needs an address. This address is
"sed to transmit data thro"gh the SA$ from so"rce node to destination node.
What is '(/AL?
Ans: &ire Channel Aritrated #oop has a shared and!idth, distri"ted topology, and can connect
!ith h"s.
SAN 0oplogies?
Ans: SA$ Connectivity Topologies
3oint to 3oint (3.to.3) : 3oint to 3oint is a direct connection et!een t!o devices.
&ire Channel Aritrated (&C.A#) : &ire Channel Aritrated #oop has a shared and!idth,
distri"ted topology, and can connect !ith h"s.
&ire Channel S!itch &aric (&C.S%): &ire Channel S!itched &aric (&C.S%) can have m"ltiple
devices connected via s!itching technologies. &ire Channel S!itched &aric provides the highest
performance and connectivity of the three topologies. A s!itched faric provides scalaility and
dedicated and!idth et!een any given pair of inter.connected devices. It "ses a ,-.it address
(called the &ire Channel Address) to ro"te traffic, and can accommodate as many as 9A million
devices in a single faric.
What is a typical storage area net)or" consists of / if )e consider it for implementation in a
small b+siness set+p ?
If !e consider any small "isenss follo!ing are essentials componets of SA$
. &aric S!itch
. &C Controllers
. D71DEs
(an yo+ briefly e-plain each of these Storage area components?
&aric S!ictch: ItEs a device !hich interconnects m"ltiple net!ork devices .There are s!ithes
starting from 9: port to @, ports !hich connect 9: or @, machine nodes etc.=endors !ho
man"fact"re these kind of s!itches are 7rocade, /cData.
&C Controllers : These are Data transfer medias they !ill sit on 3CI slots of Server," can config"re
Arrays and vol"mes on it.
D71D: D"st 7"nch of Disks is Storage 7o',it consists of *nclos"re !here set of harddrives are hosted
in many cominations s"ch SCSI drives,SAS ,&C,SATA.
%hat is the most critical component in SA$ F
*ach component has its o!n criticality !ith respect to "isness needs of a company.
Ho) is a SAN managed ?
There are many management soft!ares "sed for managing SA$Es to name a fe!
. Santricity
. I7/ Tivoli Storage /anager.
. CA 5nicenter.
. =eritas =ol"memanger.
Which one is the Defa+lt $D for S(S$ HBA ?
Cenerally the defa"lt ID for SCSI 67A is G.
SCSI. Small Comp"ter System Interface
67A . 6ost 7"s Adaptor
Ho) do yo+ install de%ice dri%ers for the HBA first time d+ring 1S installation ?
In some scenarios yo" are s"pposed to install 1perating System on the drives connected thr" SCSI
67A or SCSI 8AID Conrollers,"t most of the 1SEes !ill not e "pdated !ith drivers for those
controllers,that time yo" need to s"pply drivers e'ternally,if yo" are installing !indo!s ,yo" need
to press &: d"ring the installion of 1S and provide the driver disk or CD !hich came along !ith 67A.
If yo" are installing lin"' yo" need to type Hlin"' ddH for installing any driver.
What is Array ?
Array is a gro"p of Independent physical disks to config"re any =ol"mes or 8AID vol"mes.
Which are the SAN topologies?
Ans!er :SA$ can e connected in @ types !hich are mentioned elo!:
3oint to 3oint topology
&C Aritrated #oop ( &C :&ire Channel )
S!itched &aric
%hich are the - types of SA$ architect"re types
Ans!er :Core.edge
&"ll./esh
3artial./esh
Cascade
Ho) many minim+m dri%es are re2+ired to create 34 # 3A$D 4& ?
Ans!er : Io" need to have at least @ disk drives to create 8A.
(an yo+ name some of the states of 3A$D array ?
Ans!er : There are states of 8AID arrays that represent the stat"s of the 8AID arrays !hich are
given elo!
online
Degraded
8e"ilding
&ailed
Name the feat+res of S(S$/5 standard ?
Ans!er : JAS: J"ick aritration and selection
Domain =alidation
C8C: Cyclic red"ndancy check
(an )e assign a hot spare to 36 #3A$D 6&array?
Ans!er :$o, since 8> is not red"ndant array, fail"re of any disks res"lts in fail"re of the entire array
so !e cannot re"ild the hot spare for the 8> array.
(an yo+ name some of the a%ailable tape media types ?
Ans!er :There are many types of tape media availale to ack "p the data some of them are
D#T :digital linear tape . technology for tape ack"p)archive of net!orks and serversK D#T
technology addresses midrange to high.end tape ack"p re+"irements.
#T1 :linear tape openK a ne! standard tape format developed y 63, I7/, and Seagate.
AIT :advanced intelligent tapeK a helical scan technology developed y Sony for tape
ack"p)archive of net!orks and servers, specifically addressing midrange to high.end ack"p
re+"irements.
)hat is HA ?
Ans!er : 6A 6igh Availaility is a technology to achieve failover !ith very less latency. Its a
practical re+"irement of data centers these days !hen c"stomers e'pect the servers to e r"nning
,- ho"rs on all G days aro"nd the !hole @:A days a year . "s"ally referred as ,-'G'@:A. So to
achieve this a red"ndant infrastr"ct"re is created to make s"re if one dataase server or if one app
server fails there is a replica Dataase or Appserver ready to takeover the operations. *nd c"stomer
never e'periences any o"tage !hen there is a 6A net!ork infrastr"ct"re.
What is %irt+alization?
Ans!er :=irt"ali(ation is logical representation of physical devices. It is the techni+"e of managing
and presenting storage devices and reso"rces f"nctionally, regardless of their physical layo"t or
location.=irt"ali(ation is the pooling of physical storage from m"ltiple net!ork storage devices into
!hat appears to e a single storage device that is managed from a central console. Storage
virt"ali(ation is commonly "sed in a storage area net!ork (SA$). The management of storage
devices can e tedio"s and time.cons"ming. Storage virt"ali(ation helps the storage administrator
perform the tasks of ack"p, archiving, and recovery more easily, and in less time, y disg"ising the
act"al comple'ity of the SA$.
Symmetrix VMAX - Possible Questions or !ntervie"
What are the ma7or components of Symmetri- *!A8?
System 7ay:
=/AL *ngines
/atri' Interface 7oard *nclos"re (/I7*)
3o!er s"system components
Standy po!er s"pplies (S3S)
Service 3rocessor (server, keyoard)video)mo"se, 53S).
=/AL *ngine:
Symmetri' =/AL systems provide "p to eight =/AL *ngines !ithin a system ay on standard
config"rations and "p to fo"r =/AL *ngines on e'tended drive loop config"rations. *ach
=/AL *ngine incl"des:
. T!o directors that s"pport front.end, ack.end and S8D& connections. *ach director has:
. 9:, @,,or :- C7 of physical memory
. 1ne System Interface oard (SI7) that connects the director and the /atri' Interface
7oard *nclos"re (/I7*)
. T!o 7ack *nd I)1 /od"les (, ports, - C)s) that connect to storage ay drives.
. T!o I) 1 /od"le carriers that provide connectivity et!een each director and the front.
end I)1 ports. &ront *nd
I)1 /od"les s"pport:
. &ire Channel host connectivity (- ports, ,, -, or M C)s)
. &ire Channel S8D& connectivity (, ports, ,, -, M C)s)
. &IC1$ host connectivity (, ports, ,, -, or M C)s)
. iSCSI host connectivity (, ports, 9 C)s)
. Cig* S8D& connectivity.
. T!o /anagement /od"les that provide environmental monitoring
. T!o =/AL engine po!er s"pplies
. &o"r cooling fans.
Storage 7ay:
Disk array enclos"res (DA*s)
3o!er s"system: 3D3s, 3D5s, AC connectors
Standy po!er s"pply "nit (S3S)
Disk array enclos"res (DA*s)
*ach disk array enclos"re contains:
. T!o red"ndant disk array enclos"re po!er )cooling fans
. T!o link control card (#CC) mod"les
. &rom A to 9A drives per direct.attach enclos"re
. &rom - to 9A drives per daisy.chain enclos"re.
What are the feat+res of *!A8 S,?
S"pported Disks: -M to @:> disks
Single =./a' *ngine<t!o directors
&IC1$, &ire Channel, iSCSI, Cigait *thernet connectivity
5p to 9,M C7 gloal memory
What are feat+res of */!A8?
N: to ,,->> disks, "p to , 37<three times more "sale capacity
1ne to eight =./a' *ngines (9: directors)
5p to 9 T7 (A9, C7 "sale) gloal mirrored memory
T!ice the host ports<&ire Channel, iSCSI, Cigait *thernet, &IC1$ connectivity ("p to 9,M
portsO)
T!ice the ack.end connections for &lash, &ire Channel, and SATA drives ("p to 9,M ports)
J"ad.core ,.@ C6( processors to provide more than t!ice the I13S
=irt"al /atri' architect"re connects and shares reso"rces across director pairs, providing
massive scalaility
,-plain abo+t *a+lting in *!A8?
*ach director pair (, 4 odd ) even) on the =./a' system !ill re+"ire ,>>C7 of va"lt space,
that is -> ' AC7 ch"cks of dedicated va"lt data space
The va"lt drives are /9 devices !ith not 8aid or mirroring protection
The va"lt drive cannot to e "sed y any host and is reserved for the Symmetri'
=a"lt drives cannot e config"red y Timefinder)Snap, virt"al or dynamic sparing
The data space created y the va"lt drives !ill e almost e+"ivalent to the si(e of the
cache 4 memory installed on the machine
flash drives, *&D;s cannot e "sed for va"lting operations
&or permanent sparing, A va"lt drives per loop are essential
What are the management tools for Symmetri- *!A8?
Symmetri' /anagement Console:
The primary interface for managing Symmetri' arrays.
*/C ()1S Storage /anager (*(S/):
An Interactive System 3rod"ctivity &acility (IS3&) interface that manages Symmetri' system
arrays in mainframe environments.
*/C ControlCenter:
An int"itive, ro!ser.ased family of prod"cts that provides management of the overall
storage environment, incl"ding m"ltivender storage reporting, monitoring, config"ration,
and control.
*/C Sol"tions *naler SI/C#I:
A lirary of commands that are entered from a command line or from a script.
*/C S/I.S 3rovider:
An S/I.compliant interface for */C Symmetri' and C#A8ii1$ arrays.
What are the s+pported dis" dri%e types in *!A8?
Symmetri' =/AL systems s"pport &lash, &ire Channel, and SATA II drives.
What are the feat+res of ,ng+inity 49:;?
A"to.provisioning Cro"ps:
Simplifies provisioning of config"rations !ith alarge n"mer of hosts y allo!ing the
creation of initiator, port and storage gro"ps. A"to.provisioning Cro"ps is especially helpf"l
in large, virt"ali(ed server environments that re+"ire the availaility of many vol"mes to
many host initiators and many storage ports.
Dynamic config"ration changes:
Allo!s the dynamic config"ration of 7C= and S8D& device attri"tes. Decreases impact to
hosts d"ring 7C= and S8D& set and clear operations.
Conc"rrent config"ration changes:
3rovides the aility r"n scripts conc"rrently instead of serially.
$e! /anagement Integration:
$e! /anagement Integration feat"res free "p host reso"rces and simplify Symmetri'
system management y allo!ing yo" to:
#oad Symmetri' /anagement Console on the Service 3rocessor
Attach the Service 3rocessor to yo"r net!ork
1pen a ro!ser !indo! from any server in the net!ork
/anage the Symmetri' system from any!here in yo"r enterprise
S8D& &eat"res:
S8D& *'tended Distance 3rotection (S8D&)*D3), Add and remove dynamic devices to
S8D&)A (consistency e'empt), T!o.mirror S8D& *ngin"ity Consistency Assist (*CA),
S8D&)Star !ith 8,, device protection, ,A> S8D& gro"p s"pport ,etc..
Tiered storage optimi(ation:
&"lly A"tomated Storage Tiering (&AST) < 8ed"ces cost for performance, saves energy, and
simplifies storage tier management y allo!ing the dynamic allocation of data across
storage tiers, ased on "ser defined policies and on the changing performance re+"irements
of the applications.
*nhanced =irt"al #5$ technology:
3rovides the aility to non disr"ptively change disk and protection type of a logical vol"me,
and allo!s the migration of open systems, mainframe, and I7/ i vol"mes to "nallocated
storage, or to e'isting vol"me
=irt"al 3rovisioning:
Simplifies storage management:
Improves capacity "tili(ation y allo!ing the allocation of more storage to than is physically
cons"med y a host at onset, and is allocated, as needed, from a shared pool.
A"tomates pool re alancing:
Allo!s "sers to nondisr"ptively alance !orkloads and e'tend thin pool capacity, in small
increments if re+"ired, !hile ma'imi(ing performance and red"cing total cost of
o!nership.
!a-im+m n+mber of hypers per physical dis" in *!A8 #,ng+inity 49;:&?
A9,
(an )e r+n the conc+rrent config+ration change sessions on *!8?
Ies, each session holds the different config"ration change locks.
Ho) many config+ration change sessions )e can r+n conc+rrently on
*!A8?
5p to fo"r conc"rrent config"ration change sessions are allo!ed to r"n at the same time,
!hen they are non.conflicting. This means that m"ltiple parallel config"ration change
sessions can r"n at the same time as long as the changes do not incl"de any conflicts on
Device ack.end port, Device front.end port and on Device
What is the 'AN/10 ration of *!A8?
A9,:9
Ho) many mirror position 3A$D/4 )ill occ+py in *!A8?
1ne
Ho) many $nitiators can be mas"ed to one 'A .ort in *!A8?
,A:
Single 'A .ort can be a member of m+ltiple .ort <ro+ps?
Ies.
Which flag has to be enabled before it is member of port gro+p?
AC#L
A de%ice can be a member of m+ltiple storage gro+ps?
Ies
A single HBA can be a member of m+ltiple $nitiator gro+ps?
$o
Ho) many members can ha%e one $nitiator gro+p?
@,
What is the ma-im+m meta size in *!A8?
,AA memer O ,->C7 hyper P Q:>T7
Ho) do yo+ list the reser%ed de%ices?
symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH list .reserved
What are the ad%antages of A+to/.ro%isioning <ro+ps?
*liminates of searching for re+"ired storage on arrays
*liminates the mapping and masking devices !hich re+"ires separate tasks for each
initiator)port cominations.
*liminates the host interr"ptions
*liminates the storage reclamination
Initiators can e dynamically added or removed from initiator gro"ps
3orts can e dynamically added or removed from port gro"ps
Storage can e dynamically added or removed from storage gro"ps
What are the different types of ports can be a member of $nitiator gro+p?
1nly &ire and Cig.* ports on front end directors allo!ed
What are the restrictions of $nitiator <ro+p?
Initiator can elongs to only one Initiator Cro"p
/a'im"m of @, Initiators contains one initiator gro"p
Initiator gro"ps can e cascaded
What are the steps to replace a fa+lty HBA?
&indo"t and $ote do!n the old 67A %%$
symaccess list logins
S!ap o"t the old 67A card !ith ne! 67A
Discover the ne! 67A and note do!n the %%$
Symaccess discover ha or symaccess list ha
8eplace the %%$
symaccess .sid HSymIDH replace .!!!n HoldR%%$H .ne!R!!n Hne!R%%$H
*stalish the ne! alias for the 67A
symaccess discover ha .rename
What are the ad%antages of 0hin .ro%isioning?
8ed"ce the amo"nt of allocated "t "n"sed physical storage
Avoid over allocation of physical storage to applications
8ed"ces energy cons"mption and footprint
3rovision independently of physical storage infrastr"ct"re
/inimi(e the challenges of gro!th and e'pansion
Simplifies data layo"t
Saves costs y simplifying proced"res to add ne! storage
8ed"ces disk contention and enhances performance
/a'imi(e ret"rn on investment
Avoides the application inter"ptions)host do!ntime.
(an yo+ e-plain step by step proced+re to implement *irt+al=0hin
.ro%isioning?
Creating Data Devices:
symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH .cmd Hcreate dev co"ntP9:, configP,.%ay./ir, attri"tePdatadev,
em"lationP&7A, si(eP-:>,KH commit .v .nop
Creating Thin 3ool:
symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH .cmd Hcreate pool 3ool$ame typePthinKH commit .nop
Adding Data Devices to thin pool:
symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH .cmd Hadd dev 9>*-:9>*A to pool 3ool$ame typePthin,
memerRstateP*$A7#*KH commit .nop
Creating Thin Devices:
symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH .cmd Hcreate dev co"ntP9:, si(eP-:>,, em"lationPfa,
configPTD*=KH commit .nop
7inding Thin devices to Thin 3ool:
symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH .cmd Hind tdev 9>&-:9>&G to pool 3ool$ameKH commit .nop
/apping and /asking TD*=s to host:
What is the stat+s of 0D,*s before they bo+nd to thin pool?
$ot 8eady
Ho) many 0hin .ools can )e create in a Array?
The n"mer of pools that can e config"red in a Symmetri' array is A9,.
This is the total n"mer of pools, incl"ding =irt"al 3rovisioning thin v pools, S8D&)A Delta
Set *'tension (DS*) pools, or Time&inder)Snap pools.
!a-im+m no> 1f data de%ices in a thin pool?
As many as data devices can e memer of a thin pool, ho!ever the limit to the n"mer of
thin and data devices that can e config"red !ithin a Symmetri' system is :-,>>>.
What are the 0hin .ools recommendations )hen yo+ are adding data
de%ices?
1nly data devices may e placed in a thin pool.
The data devices m"st all have the same em"lation.
The data devices m"st all have the same protection type.
It is recommended that data devices in a pool all reside on drives that have the same
rotational speed.
The data devices in the pool sho"ld generally e spread across as many DAs and drives of a
given speed as possile.
The devices sho"ld e evenly spread across the DAs and drives.
The !ide striping provided y =irt"al 3rovisioning !ill spread thin devices evenly across the
data devices. The storage administrator m"st ens"re that the data devices are evenly
spread across the ack end.
It is recommended that all data devices in a pool are of the same si(e. 5sing different si(e
devices co"ld res"lt in "neven data distri"tion.
The data device si(es sho"ld e as large as possile to minimi(e the n"mer of devices
re+"ired to encompass the desired overall pool capacity.
What are the *!A8 Storage 1ptimization feat+res?
Dynamic Cache 3artitioning:
Allo!s the allocation of portions of cache to specific device gro"ps.
Symmetri' 3riority Controls:
Allo!s the prioriti(ation of read I)1 and S8D&)S transfers y host applications.
Symmetri' 1ptimi(er:
1ptimi(es performance y monitoring access patterns on storage arrays and transparently
moving data et!een storage tiers.
=irt"al #5$:
Allo!s the movement of data et!een storage tiers.
&"lly A"tomated Storage Tiering (&AST):
provides sophisticated ackgro"nd algorithms that can a"tomate the allocation and
relocation of data across storage tiers ased on the changing performance of applications.
Storage provisioning !ith symaccess allo!s yo" to create a gro"p of devices, a gro"p of
director ports, a gro"p of host initiators, and !ith one command, associate them in !hat is
called a masking vie!. 1nce a masking vie! e'ists, devices, ports, and initiators can e
easily added or removed from their respective gro"ps.
(an yo+ e-plain the step by step proced+re for creating A+to pro%isioning
<ro+ps?
The steps for creating a masking vie! are:
Search the environment for Symmetri' devices on each 67A
symaccess discover ha
Create a storage gro"p (one or more devices)
symaccess .sid LLLL create .name StorageCro"p$ame .type storage devs @,A>:@@A>
Create a port gro"p (one or more director)port cominations)
symaccess .sid LLLL create .name 3ortCro"p$ame .type port .dirport G*:>,GC:9,M&:>
Create an initiator gro"p (one or more host %%$s or iSCSIs)
symaccess .sid LLLL create .name InitiatorCro"p$ame .type initiator .!!n !!n
Create a masking vie! containing the storage gro"p, port gro"p, and initiator gro"p.
%hen a masking vie! is created, the devices are a"tomatically masked and mapped.
symaccess .sid LLLL create vie! .name /asking=ie!$ame .sg StorageCro"p$ame .pg
3ortCro"p$ame .ig InitiatorCro"p$ame
What is p+rpose 'AS0 #'+lly A+tomated Storage 0iering&?
&AST is Symmetri' soft!are that r"ns ackgro"nd algorithms contin"o"sly analy(e the
"tili(ation ("sy rate) of the Symmetri' array devices.
&AST can move the most."sed data to the fastest storage, s"ch as *nterprise &lash Drives,
the least."sed data to the slo!est storage, s"ch as SATA drives, !hile maintaining the
remaining data on &ire Channel drives, ased on "ser.defined Symmetri' tiers and &AST
policies.
The o2ective of tiered storage is to minimi(e the cost of storage y p"tting the right data,
on the right Symmetri' tier, at the right time.
Ho) do yo+ config+re the symmetri- array for 'AS0?
7y defining symmetri' tiers
7y defining &AST 3olicies
7y defining storage gro"ps
Symmetrix DMX - Possible Questions or !ntervie"
(an yo+ e-plain abo+t D!8 Architect+re?
The Symmetri' D/L feat"res a high.performance, Direct /atri' Architect"re (D/L)
s"pporting "p to 9,M point.to.point serial connections. Symmetri' D/L technology is
distri"ted across all channel directors, disk directors, and gloal memory directors in
symmetri' D/L systems.
(an yo+ briefly e-plain abo+t symmetri- series prod+cts?
Symmetri' M>>>)- !as the first symmetri' to introd"ce a d"al "s arcitect"re, providing
red"ndancy in the path to memory.
Symmetri' D/LM>> is an incrementally scalale, high.end storage array !hich feat"res
mod"lar disk array enclos"res.
Symmetri' Direct /atri' Architect"re is storage array technology that employs a matri' of
dedicated serial point.to.point connections instead of traditional "ses or s!itches.
Symmetri' D/L, is a channel director specification for the D/L !ith faster processors and
ne!er components.
Symmetri' D/L.@ and D/L.- are the latest technology "sing red"ndant gloal memory and
largest capacity.
(an yo+ e-plain ,ngin+ity release code 4::5>:?>49?
AG represents the D/L@)- 6ard!are
G@ represents the microcode family
GN represents the field release level to the microcode
AM represents the field release to the service processor code
A, PSymm-, AA PSymmA, A: PD/L)D/L,, AG PD/L@)-, AM P=/AL.
Ho) many (ache directors, 'ront/end directors and Bac"/end directors )e
can +se in D!8/;?
Cache Directors P - /in to M /a'.
&ront.end Directors P "p to 9, ma'.
7ack.end Directors P : /in to M /a'.
What are the different types of 'ront/end directors and the p+rpose of
each one?
*SC1$ (*A) : for mainframe attachment and S8D& family links
&IC1$ (*&) : provides the ind"stry;s highest performance connectivity 1ption for the
mainframe.
&ire (&A)DA) : Connectivity option for open systems direct and SA$ Attachment, and can
e "sed for S8D& family remote 8eplication links.
iSCSI (S*) : 3rovides the ind"stry;s first high.end Iscsi Implementation.
Cig* (8*) : for S8D& family replication !ith compression s"pport.
,-plain 3+le @: in D!8?
3ossile ans!ers:
8"le of 9G ens"red that &As eing "sed for host connectivity !ere in different po!er (ones.
The r"le of 9G is simply a !ay to make s"re that the paths yo" connect yo"r host to are not
r"nning on the same director, "t one physically far a!ay from it.
The original 8"le of 9G !as p"t into place to ens"re that there !as a path on each "s (odd
and even).The "s architect"re !ent a!ay in D/L.9 ( Symm:). 7"t !e had , po!er (onesK
one (one for directors 9.M, and another (one for directors N.9:. So the 8"le of 9G still had
val"e.
"t DI8 @ (odd) and DI8 - (even) reside on different "ses yet in the same po!er (one, so
even if yo" had yo"r host connected to @ and - ..if that po!er (one !ent do!n ..Io"r hosts
!ent do!n.
What are the !anagement 0ools for D!8?
Symcli (Symmetri' Command #ine Interface)
S/C (Symmetri' /anagement Console)
*CC (*/C Control Center)
What are the ,ngin+ity 1perational Layes?
Symmetri' 7ased Application
6ost 7ased Symmetri' Application
Independent Soft!are vendor application
*/C Sol"tions *naler A3I
Symmetri' *ngin"ity 1perating *nvironment &"nctions
Symmetri' 6ard!are
What are the ma7or components of System Bay and Storage Bay in D!8?
System 7ay Components:
*ither si' or eight disk directors and "p to 9, channel directors (Comined total P 9:).
&rom fo"r to eight gloal memory directors.
5p to eight po!er s"pplies, each of having a dedicated 7attery 7ack 5p(775)
95 service processor !ith S=/ (keyoard, video screen and mo"se) and dedicated 53S.
Three cooling fan assemlies (each containing @ fans).
Storage 7ay Components:
9,> or ,-> disk drives per storage ay
*ach Drive *nclos"re (D*) incl"des:
T!o link control cards (#CC).
8ed"ndant po!er s"pplies !ith 775s to provide standy po!er.
The D/L.- storage ay has ,$ po!er (ones !ith independent po!er cales, each (one
capale of po!ering the f"lly config"red storage ay.
The storage ay can e pop"lated !ith vario"s cominations of c"rrently availale D/L
one.inch lo!.profile - C)s &ire Channel disk drives availale in:
G@ C7, 9-: C7, @>> C7, and ->> C7 &ire Channel drives
G@ C7 and 9-: C7 &lash drives
A>> C7 and 9 T7 SATA II disk drives
(an yo+ e-plain abo+t 3ead Hit, 3ead !iss and 'ast Write and Delayed
Write?
8ead 6it: In a read hit operation, the re+"ested data resides in gloal memory. The channel
director transfers the re+"ested data thro"gh the channel interface to the host and "pdates
the gloal memory directory. Since the data is in gloal memory, there are no mechanical
delays d"e to seek and latency.
8ead /iss: In a read miss operation, the re+"ested data is not in gloal memory and m"st
e retrieved from a disk device. %hile the channel director creates space in the gloal
memory, the disk director reads the data from the disk device. The disk director stores the
data in gloal memory and "pdates the directory tale. The channel director then
reconnects !ith the host and transfers the data. eca"se the data is not in gloal memory,
the symmetri' system m"st search for data on the disk and then transfer it to the channel
adding seek and latency times to the operation.
&ast %rite A fast !rite occ"rs !hen the percentage of modified data in gloal memory is
less than the fast !rite threshold. 1n a host !rite command, the channel director places
the incoming locks directly into gloal memory. &or fast !rite operations, the channel
director stores the data in gloal memory and sends a Tchannel endU and Tdevice endU to
the host comp"ter. The disk director then asynchrono"sly destages the data from gloal
memory to the disk device.
Delayed &ast %rite: A delayed fast !rite occ"rs only !hen the fast !rite threshold has een
e'ceeded. That is the percentage of gloal memory containing modified data is higher than
the fast !rite threshold. If this sit"ation occ"rs, the symmetri' system disconnects the
channel directors from the channels. The disk director then de.stages the data to disk.
%hen s"fficient gloal memory space is availale. The channel directors reconnect to their
channels and process the fast I)1 re+"ires as a fast !rite. The symmectri' system contin"es
to process read operations d"ring delayed fast !rites !ith s"fficient gloal memory
present, this type of gloal memory operation rarely occ"rs.
Ho) do yo+ calc+late n+mber of cylinders for @A6 <B LN?
/a'im"m device si(es y *ngin"ity version
*ngin"ity version:RRRRRRRRRR:/7s:RRRRRRR:CI#s:RRRRRR:C7s
*ngin"ity AMG-:RRRRRRRRRRRRR:,-AG:>:RRRR:,:,::M:RRRR:,->
*ngin"ity AGG@ and earlier:R::9-,A:RRRRR::AA,>:RRRRR:AN
Since D/L.- s"pports ma'im"m of :>C7 hyper si(e, !e have to create t!o hypers and form
a /eta devices as 9,>C7 #5$.
To calc"late cylinders for :>C7 #5$ "se the elo! form"la
Cylinders P :>C7)9A tracksO M sectorsO 9: locks O A9, ytes
Cylinders P :>>>>>>>>>>)9AOMO9:OA9,
Cylinders P :>>>>>>>>>>)NM@>->
Cylinders P :9>@A cyl
To calc"late the n"mer of cylinders (for pre.Symmetri' D/L), "se either of the follo!ing:
locks V N:> or (si(e in megaytes) ' ,.9@@@
To calc"late the n"mer of cylinders (for Symmetri' D/L and Symmetri' =./a' arrays), "se
the follo!ing: 9 cylinder P 9A tracksK each track is :- S7, 9A ' :- tracks P .N@G /7 for each
cylinder
What is the ma-im+m hyper size in D!8/;?
/a'im"m Cylinders P :AA,>
/a'im"m Capacity P ANC7 or :9-,A /7
Ho) many hypers can create in a Single dis" in D!8;?
,AA hypers per disk.
Ho) many members can contain in one !eta?
9 /eta head ? ,AA memers
Ho) many LN $Ds a%ailable per 'A port?
,A: #5$ IDs are availale per &A port, ,AA #5$ IDs are "sale o"t of ,A:.
What is Dynamic LN addressing?
This feat"re !ill a"tomatically selects and assigns the #5$ IDs to the devices !hile device
mapping to the port Instead of man"ally assigning address to the device !hile mapping
Ho) do yo+ add a ne) member to the e-isting !eta?
add dev LLLL to meta LLLL, protectRdataPT85*, cvRmetaRheadPLLLLK
or for m"ltiple ranges:
add dev LLL9:LLL: to meta LLLL, protectRdataPT85*, cvRmetaRheadPLLLLK
What is stripping and )hat is (oncatenating?
Stripped /eta Devices:
/eta device addressing y striping divides each /eta memer device into a series of
stripes, addressing a stripe from each device efore advancing to the ne't stripe on the
first device. %hen !riting to a striped vol"me, e+"al si(e stripes of data from each
participating drive are !ritten alternately to each memer of the set.
Concatenated /eta Devices:
Concatenated devices are vol"me sets that are organi(ed !ith the first yte of data at the
eginning of the first device. Addressing contin"es to the end of the first device efore any
data on the ne't device is referenced. %hen !riting to a concatenated device, the first
meta device memer receives all the data "ntil it is f"ll, and then data is directed to the
ne't memer and so on
What are the D!8/; s+pported dis" types, no> of dis"s and ma-im+m
capacity?
&C drives, iSCSI drives and &lash drives
9A drives per DA*
9,> drivers per Cage
,-> drives per Storage 7ay
,->> drives per array If total of 9> storage ays connected
/a'im"m storage capacity is 9 37.
Briefly e-plain the D!8/; s+pported De%ice types?
Standard Devices: A Symmetri' device config"red for normal Symmetri' operation "nder a
desired protection method (s"ch as 8AID.9,8AID.S, and S8D&W).
Catekeeper Devices: SCSI commands e'ec"ted y SI/A3I are transferred to the Symmetri'
array via a Symmetri' device that is designated as a Catekeeper device. The gatekeeper
allo!s yo" to retrieve config"ration and stat"s information from the Symmetri' array
!itho"t interfering !ith normal device I)1 operations.
/eta Devices: Allo! individ"al devices to e concatenated to create larger devices.
7C= Devices: Speciali(ed devices "sed to create a local copy of data contained in a
standard Symmetri' device, !hich can e "sed for ack"p, restore, decision s"pport, and
application testing.
S8D& Devices (89, 8, and 8,9) Devices config"red as 8D&9 or 8D&, to s"pport S8D&
operations.
89 is so"rce device for S8D& operations
8, is target device for S8D& operations
8,9 is "sed for m"lti hop S8D& operations
=irt"al Devices: A host.accessile device containing track.level location information
(pointers), !hich indicates !here the copy session data is located in the physical storage.
Device copies "se virt"al devices to s"pport Time&inder)Snap operations. =irt"al devices
cons"me minimal physical disk storage, as they store only the address pointers to the data
stored on the so"rce device or a pool of save devices.,
Save Devices: Special devices (not mapped to the host) that provide physical storage space
for pre."pdate images or changed tracks d"ring a virt"al copy session of Time&inder)Snap
operations.
Device /asking (=C/)Devices: Symmetri' devices that have een masked for visiility to
certain hosts. The device masking dataase (=C/D7) holds device masking records and
typically resides on a ,- or -M cylinder disk device..
D8= Devices: A non."ser.addressale Symmetri' device "sed y the Symmetri' 1ptimi(er to
temporarily hold "ser data !hile reorgani(ation of the devices is eing e'ec"ted. Typically,
it is "sed y the 1ptimi(er in logical vol"me s!apping operations.
What is *a+lt dri%es and Hot Spare?
=a"lt Drivers: At the time of emergency sh"tdo!n of an Array, !hat ever the data in cache
memory !ill e destaged)saved on temporary drives called va"lt drives
6ot Spare: At the time of physical drive fail"re hot spare drives !ill take place
What is .re%ie), .repare and (ommit )hile +sing Symconfig+re command?
The previe! arg"ment verifies the synta' and correctness of each individ"al change
defined, and then terminates the session !itho"t change e'ec"tion.
The prepare arg"ment performs the previe! checks and also verifies the appropriateness of
the res"lting config"ration definition against the c"rrent state of the Symmetri' arrayK the
arg"ment then terminates the session !itho"t change e'ec"tion
The commit arg"ment completes all stages and e'ec"tes the changes in the specified
Symmetri' array
What are the possible de%ice ser%ice states and de%ice stat+s states?
Device Service States : $ormal, &ailed and Degraded
Device Stat"s States : 8eady, $ot 8eady and %rite Disale.
Ho) do yo+ reser%e the de%ices?
symconfig"re .sid LLLL .f createdev.cmd .e'pire e'piration date.o!ner myself .comment
Hthis devices are reserved for S8D& activityH reserve
Ho) do yo+ create the Dis" <ro+ps
%e can not create Disk Cro"ps, It sho"ld e done y changing 7I$ file y C*.
%e can rename the e'isting disk gro"ps.
*'ample: symconfig"re .sid ,>G .cmd Tset diskRgro"p - diskRgro"pRname P flashRdsksKU .v
.nop commit
Ho) do yo+ chec" the free space by Dis" gro+p and Array as )hole?
7y Disk Cro"p : Symdisk .sid LLLL list .yRdiskgro"p
Array as !hole : Symconfig"re .sid LLLL list .freespace
Ho) do yo+ chec" the total assigned de%ices to a partic+lar Host?
Symmaskd .sid LLLL list devs .!!n Hhost ha !!nH
Ho) do yo+ chec" the total allocated storage of a partic+lar Host?
symmaskd .sid LLLL list capacity .6ost hostname
What is pre chec" list to assign storage to the host?
=erify the availale free space in the symmetri' array
symconfig"re .sid SymmID X.v Y .freespace X."nits cylinders Y /7ZZ list
symdisk .sid HSymIDH list .diskRgro"p HCro"p$"merH
=erify the Symmetri' stat"s
Symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH verify
If any h"ng activities fo"nd aort
symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH aort
,-plain step by step proced+re to pro%ide storage to the Host?
9. Creating STD device
,. /eta Device Creation
@. /apping
-. /asking
*'ample:
Create a commandfile !ith the follo!ing entry to create hypers.
Create dev co"ntPM, si(eP9,@N-, em"lationP&7A, configP,.!ay.mir, diskRgro"pP,K
*'ec"te the command file "sing symconfig"re command !ith previe!, prepare and commit
options.
Symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH .f Commandfile.cmd .v .noprompt commit
=erify the ne!ly created devices
symdev .sid HSymIDH list .noport
Create a commandfile !ith follo!ing entry to form metas and devices to the meta head.
&orm meta from dev ,:CA, configPstriped, stripeRsi(eP9N,>K
add dev ,:C7:,:*- to meta ,:caK
*'ec"te the command file "sing symconfig"re command !ith previe!, prepare and commit
options.
symconfig"re .sid HSymIDH .f Commandfile.t't .v .noprompt commit
=erify the ne!ly created meta devices
symdev .sid HSymIDH list .noport
&ind the host connected Director and 3ort details
symcfg .sid -,M, list .connections
&ind the availale addresses on that port
symcfg .sid HSymIDH list .address .availale .dir Gd .p >
Create a commandfile !ith the follo!ing entry to map the device to the &A port
map dev ,:ca to dir Gd:>, l"nP>@:K
*'ec"te the commandfile "sing symconfig"re !ith the previe!, prepare and commit
options.
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f Commandfile.t't .v .noprompt commit
/ask the devices to the host 67A and refresh the sym config"ration
symmaskd .sid HSymIDH .!!n 9>>>>>>>cN@f:,cf .dir Gd .p > add devs ,:ca .nop
Symmask .sid HSymiDH .refresh
8escan the disks and refresh the po!erpath or reoot the server to get the assigned devices
at host.end
Ho) do yo+ chec" partic+lar de%ice geometry?
symdev .sid LLLL sho! dev >>,C
Ho) do yo+ chec" the partic+lar de%ice is connected to )hich Host?
symmaskd .sid LLLL list assignment .dev >>,c
What are the steps for storage reclamation?
5nmasking
%rite Disale
5n.mapping
Dissolve meta
Deleting hypers
9. 5nmasking devices from the host
symmaskd .sid -,M, .!!n 9>>>>>>>cN@f:,cf .dir Gd .p > remove devs ,:ca
,. 8efresh the Symmetri' Array
Symmask .sid -,M, .refresh
@. %rite Disale the devices efore "nmapping from the Director port
symdev .sid -,M, !riteRdisale ,:ca .sa Gd .p > .noprompt
-. Create a cmd)t't file
5nmap dev ,:ca from dir all:allK
A. 3erform previe! operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f "nmap.t't .v .nop previe!
:. 3erform prepare operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f "nmap.t't .v .nop prepare
G. 3erform Commit operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f "nmap.t't .v .nop commit
M. =erify that the device has een "nmapped
Symdev .sid -,M, list .noport
N. To Dissolve meta, create a cmd)t't file
Dissolve meta dev ,:caK
9>. 3erform previe! operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f dissolve.t't .v .nop previe!
99. 3erform prepare operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f dissolve.t't .v .nop prepare
9,. 3erform Commit operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f dissolve.t't .v .nop commit
9@. =erify that the meta has een Dissoved.
9-. To delete the hypers create a cmd)t't file.
Delete dev ,:caK
9A. 3erform previe! operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f dissolve.t't .v .nop previe!
9:. 3erform prepare operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f dissolve.t't .v .nop prepare
9G. 3erform Commit operation "sing symconfig"re command
Symconfig"re .sid -,M, .f dissolve.t't .v .nop commit
9M. =erify that 6ypers have een deleted.
Ho) many mirror positions 3A$D/@ and 3A$D/4 )ill occ+py?
8AID.9 occ"pies , mirror positions
8AID.A occ"pies , mirror positions
Ho) do yo+ con%ert the concatenating meta de%ice to stripped meta?
convert meta LLLL, configPstriped, stripeRsi(eP9N,>, protectRdataPT85*,
cvRmetaRheadPLLLLK
Host is +nable to see the storage, ho) do yo+ tro+bleshoot?
Check that the host is logged in to the Array
Check that the cale connectivity stat"s y logging in to the host
Check that the 67A drivers are properly config"red
Check the 0oning tale y logging in to the s!itch
Check that the devices stat"s in Array
Check the =C/D7 for masking information, etc..
What is 0hin .ro%isioning?
Thin provisioning is a method of optimi(ing the efficiency !ith !hich the availale space is
"tili(ed in storage area net!orks. Thin provisioning operates y allocating disk space in a
fle'ile manner among m"ltiple "sers, ased on the minim"m space re+"ired y each "ser
at any given time.
Ho) do yo+ create thin pools and thin de%ices?
Creating Thin 3ools
Creating Data devs and added these Data devs to Thin 3ools
Creating TD*=s and ind these TD*=s to Thin 3ool
Assign TD*=s to host.
,-plain step by step proced+re to set+p ne) host?
#et "s ass"me cale connectivity is done properly
Install 67A drivers in host.
Install 3o!er path if re+"ired.
Check that the 67A ports are sho!ing online
Create (oning at s!itch end.
Check that this host is logged in to the Storage array
Create #5$)hypers in storage array
&orm meta devices if re+"ired
/ap the devices to the &A port.
/ask the devices to the host ha (!!n).
8efresh the Array to affect the changes.
Ho) do yo+ chec" the failed components in Symmetri- Array?
Symcfg .sid 9A> list .envRdata .serviceRstate failed
Ho) do yo+ chec" the failed dis"s in the Symmetri- Array?
Symdisk .sid LLLL list .failed
What is the p+rpose of <ate Beeper de%ice?
#o!.level I)1 commands e'ec"ted "sing SI/C#I are ro"ted to the Symmetri' array y a
Symmetri' storage device that is specified as a gatekeeper.
The gatekeeper device allo!s SI/C#I commands to retrieve config"ration and stat"s
information from the Symmetri' array !itho"t interfering !ith normal Symmetri'
operations.
The gatekeeper m"st e accessile from the host !here the commands are eing e'ec"ted.
Ho) many gate "eeper de%ices are re2+ired per Array?
It depends on the Symmetri' management applications "sing in management servers,
As per */C recommendations : gatekeepers are re+"ired per management host "sing symcli
Ho) to list hosts and their ,!( registered soft)are, +sing Sol+tions
,nabler?
Symcfg .sid LLLL list .applications
What is *(!DB and ho) do yo+ ta"e the bac"+p?
The device masking dataase (=C/D7) holds device masking records and typically resides on
a ,- or -M cylinder disk device..
Symmaskd .sid LLLL ack"p .f filename
Ho) do yo+ list the Hosts )hich are connected to partic+lar director port?
Symmaskd .sid LLLL list dataase .dir LL .p L
Ho) do yo+ chec" the n+mber of storage bays connected to the system bay
and n+mber of dis"s in each storage bay?
Symcfg .sid LLLL list .envRdata
Ho) do chec" the de%ices )hich are not mapped and mas"ed?
Symdev .sid -,M, list dev .noport
Ho) do yo+ chec" the de%ices )hich are mapped to 'A b+t not mas"ed to
any host?
Symmaskd .sid 9,@ list noRassignment .dir A## .p A##
Ho) do yo+ chec" the login hosts in the Symmetri- Array?
Symmask .sid -,M, list logins
Ho) to display and set the Symmetri- metrics?
Symcfg .sid LLLL .SA all list .v
Set Symmetri' /atric$ameP/atric=al"e
Ho) do yo+ chec" the config+red en%ironmental %ariables?
Symcli .def
(an )indo)s, Lin+-, Solaris share the same 'A in D!8?
Ies, if they share the same port flags
What are the Symmetri- ,-ternal loc"s and ho) to chec" and release?
Symmetri' e'ternal locks are "sed y SI/A3I (locks > to 9A) and also for applications
assigned y */C ([9A) to lock access to the entire Symmetri' arrayd"ring critical operations
%e can check the e'ternal locks y giving the elo! command
symcfg .sid LLLL list .lockn
%e can check the e'ternal locks y giving the elo! command
symcfg release .sid .lockn 9A .force
Ho) to monitor performance of ,!( Symmetri-?
5sing 3erformance /onitoring feat"re in */C Control Center
5sing SI/STAT symcli command
Ho) do yo+ chec" the cache acti%ity of front/end directory?
symstat .sid -,M, .type cache .i A .c - .sa all
Ho) do yo+ chec" the $=1 re2+ests and thro+ghp+t of selected dis"?
Symstat .sid -,M, .type disk .i A .c @ .disk ,a,C,A
What are the a%ailable performance types in SC!S0A0 command?
8*J5*STS: 8eports I)1 re+"ests and thro"ghp"t for selected devices, directors, or S8D&)A
sessions. (This is the defa"lt typeK if no type is specified 8*J5*STS is "sed.)
7ACS*$D: 8eports ack.end I)1 re+"ests and thro"ghp"t for selected devices.
318T: 8eports performance statistics for a director port. ISCSI 8eport Cig.* net!ork
statistics.
CAC6*: 8eports cache activity for selected front.end or remote link directors, or S8D&)A
sessions.
/*/I1: 8eports cache memory to disk activity for selected devices. 3AT6 8eport 8.Copy
path information for nonincremental sessions. Symmetri' arrays that have all or some
incremental sessions !ill report an error.
CIC#*: 8eport cycle s"mmary information for S8D&.A sessions.
DISS: 8eports ack.end I)1 re+"ests and thro"ghp"t for selected disks.
38*&*TC6: 8eports track prefetch disk activity for selected ack.end directors only.D/S3
8eports dynamic mirroring service policy (D/S3) statistics for the selected device(s).
8D&: 8eports S8D& statistics from the perspective of 8A gro"ps, devices, or directors.
What is symmetri- optimizer and ho) it )or"s?
Symmetri' 1ptimi(er improves array performance y contin"o"sly monitoring access
patterns and migrating devices (Symmetri' logical vol"mes) to achieve alance across the
disks in the array
Step 9: Symmetri' 1ptimi(er "ilds a dataase of device activity statistics on the
Symmetri' ack.end.
Step ,: 5sing the statistical data collected, config"ration information, and the "ser.defined
parameters, the 1ptimi(er algorithm identifies "sy and idle devicesand their locations on
the physical drives. The algorithm tries to minimi(e average disk service time y alancing
I)1 activity across physical disks. 1ptimi(er determines !hich disks re+"ire alancing y
locating "sy devices close to each other on the same disk, and)or y locating "sy devices
on faster disks or faster areas of the disks. 1ptimi(er takes into acco"nt the speed of the
disk, the disk geometry, and the act"ator speed to determine faster disks.
Step @: 1nce a sol"tion for load alancing has een developed, the ne't phase is to carry
o"t the Symmetri' device s!aps. This is done "sing estalished Time&inder technology,
!hich maintains data protection and availaility. !e can specify !hether s!aps sho"ld
occ"r in a completely a"tomated fashion, or if the device s!aps re+"ire "ser approval
efore the action is taken.
Step -: 1nce a s!ap f"nction completes, Symmetri' 1ptimi(er contin"es data analysis for
the ne't s!ap.
What is Symmetri- DoS and ho) it )or"s?
J"ality of Service (JoS) allo!s more fle'iility in managing Symmetri' system;s
performance. 7y increasing the response time for specific copy operations on selected
devices, !e can increase the overall performance of the other Symmetri' devices.
The JoS (J"ality of Service) feat"re allo!s "s to ad2"st the data transfer pace on specified
devices, or devices in a device gro"p, for certain operations.
The contention for cache access can e +"ality of service managed y the least recently
"sed (#85) ring partitions in the Symmetri' cache.
%e can control the priority service time of devices and control cache partitions for
different device gro"pings.
What is the p+rpose of Symmetri- (hange 0rac"er?
To meas"re changes to data on a Symmetri' vol"me or gro"p of vol"mes.
Change Tracker data is often "sed to analy(e and design Time&inder and Symmetri' 8emote
Data &acility (S8D&) config"rations.
Change Tracker (Delta/ark) session m"st e created "sing the symchg create command.
The symchg mark command is then "sed to perform a timestamp and mark the selected
area of disk storage occ"pied y a data o2ect "sing a Delta/ark itmap
What is Dynamic (ache .artitioning?
A JoS feat"re, dynamic cache partitioning allo!s the Administrator the means to
dynamically control the cache area si(e, servicing a given device gro"p I)1, y defining
fle'ile partitions thro"gh cache memory.
Dynamic Cache 3artitioning divides the cache memory into m"ltiple partitions !ith "ni+"e
names and their device path assignments.
3artition areas can e made static or dynamic in si(e. The dynamic partitioning provides
fle'iility to the amo"nt of floating memory that can e allocated !ith a high and lo!
!atermark. This allo!s memory reso"rces to e temporarily donated to other partitions
!hen needed.
The sym+os command allo!s yo" to create partitions for different device gro"pings in
addition to the defa"lt partition that all devices elong to initially. *ach partition !ill have
a target cache percentage as !ell as a minim"m and ma'im"m percentage. In addition, yo"
can donate "n"sed cache to other partitions after a specified donation time.
What are the logs a%ailable at host/end and on symmetri- array?
6ost.end logs are availale in \Symapi\log folder
*vent logs and A"dit logs in symmetri' array
Ho) do yo+ monitor the real time e%ents on symmetri- array )ith
e-ample?
To monitor real time 9>> event records !ith :>> seconds interval in the symmetri' array
Symevent .sid -,M, monitor .i :>> .c 9>> .!arn).error).fatal
Ho) do yo+ trac" the history of e%ents on symmetri- array )ith e-ample?
To list all events in symmetri' array
Symevent .sid -,M, list
To list specific period of time events in event logs
Symevent .sid -,M, list .v .start N:>> .end 9G:>>
Ho) do yo+ chec" the a+dit logs on symmetri- array?
To sho! the details ao"t a"dit log it self.
Syma"dit .sid -,M, sho!
To list the a"dit log records of specific period of time.
Syma"dit .sid -,M, list .v .startRtime G)99:N:>> .endRtime G)99:9>:>>
To monitor the real time a"dit logs 9>> records !ith @>sec interval.
syma"dit .sid -,M, monitor .i @> .c 9>>
What is Symmetri- A(L?
To create access control list on symmetri' array to implement host level or "ser level
sec"rity.
,-plain step by step to set+p the access controls on symmetri- array?
Create Access Cro"p:
(Create a command file !ith the follo!ing entries)
Create accgro"p AccessCro"p$ameK
(*'ec"te the command file)
Symacl .sid -,M, commit .file commandfile
Add host access ID or "ser access ID to access gro"p:
Add host accid Id name Idname to accgro"p Cro"p$ameK
Add "ser accid Id name Idname to accgro"p Cro"p$ameK
Symacl .sid -,M, .file HCommand&ile$ameH commit
Create Access 3ools:
Create accpool Access3ool$ameK
Symacl .sid -,M, commit .file HcommandfileH
Add devices to the access pool
Add dev StartDev$ame:*ndDev$ame to accpool Access3ool$ameK
Crant 8ights to Access Cro"ps:
Crant accessP7ase)7C=)8D& to accgro"p AccessCro"p$ame to accpool Access3ool$ameK
Ho) do yo+ ta"e the bac"+p=restore of A(Ls?
Symacl .sid -,M, ack"p .file HcommandfileH
Symacl .sid -,M, commit .restore .f commandfile
What is Symmetri- ser A+thorization?
Set "p or "pdate the Symmetri' array "ser a"thori(ation information
,-plain step by step proced+re to set+p +ser a+thorization on symmetri-
array?
5ser.to.role mappings have to e created:
(Create a command file !ith the follo!ing entry (e':rolemap.t't))
Assign "ser 6:6ost\"sername to role /onitorK
Assign "ser D:*ng\"sername to role AdminK
(*'ec"te the aove file)
Syma"th .sid -,M, .f rolemap.t't commit.
(8oles: $one, /onitor, Storage admin, admin, A"ditor, Sec"rityAdmin)
*nale the "ser a"thori(ation:
Syma"th .sid -,M, enale
Ho) do yo+ perform bac"+p and restore +ser a+thorization information?
Syma"th .sid -,M, ack"p .f ack"pfile.cmd commit
Syma"th .sid -,M, restore .f ack"pfile.cmd commit
What is the p+rpose of bin file in SC!A.$ database?
It is a dataase file in the host !hich stores the symmetri' array;s config"ration data. Can
e "sed to get the config"ration data offline.
Ho) do yo+ prepare the Storage (apacity planning reports by host )ise?
9. 7y "sing */C Control Center
,. 7y "sing symcli commands symcfg and symdisk
Symcfg .sid -,M, list .connections .capacity
Copy and past the o"tp"t of the aove command in e'cel file and format according to the
re+"irement.
1r
Symdisk .sid -,M, list .yRdiskgro"p
Copy and past the o"tp"t of the aove command in e'cel file and do the format according
to the re+"irement.
By +sing )hat symcli command )e can chec" the HBA details?
Symin+ ha .fire
S#D$ - Possible Questions or !ntervie"
What is B+siness (ontin+ity?
7"siness Contin"ity is the preparation for, response to, and recovery from an application
o"tage that adversely affects "siness operations.
What are the B+siness (ontin+ity tools a%ailable for symmetri-?
3o!er path at host end Time&inder)/irror, Clone and Snapshot for local replication S8D& for
remote replication.
B+siness (ontin+ity addresses )hat?
7"siness Contin"ity Sol"tions addresses systems "navailaility, degraded application
performance, or "nacceptale recovery strategies.
What is 3.1 and 301?
831 refers to the ma'im"m amo"nt of data loss an application can tolerate as meas"red in
time. In other !ords, the amo"nt of data loss that can e tolerated (cost of transaction
vers"s risk).
8T1 refers to the ma'im"m time a company "dgets to ring an application ack online in
the event of a disaster. In other !ords, the time it takes to recover the data once a disaster
or other recovery event is declared (risk vers"s cost)
What are the different types of De%ice <ro+ps?
8eg"lar, 8D&9, 8D&, and Composite gro"p
Briefly e-plain bao+t 3eg+lar, 3D'@ and 3D'A de%ice gro+ps?
8eg"lar device gro"ps are normally "sed for Time&inder operations
8D&9 and 8D&, device gro"ps are normally "sed for S8D& operatins
What is composit gro+p?
A composite gro"p is a "ser.defined gro"p of device memers that can span m"ltiple
Symmetri' arrays and S8D& gro"ps. The CC type may e defined as 8*C5#A8,8D&9, 8D&,,
or 8D&,9, and may contain vario"s device lists for standard, 7C=, virt"al (=D*=), 87C=,
787C=, second hop standard, and second hop 7C=.
What is the difference bet)een 0ime'inder and S3D'?
Time &inder is for local replication operations
S8D& is for remote replication operations
What are the different types of 3emote Lin" directors +sed for S3D'?
8& (&ire Channel directors)
8A (*SC1$ directors)
/3CD (/"ltiprotocol Channel Directors) availale !ith these channel connections
&IC1$
iSCSI for host
Cig* (8*) for S8D&
Ho) many dynamic 3D' gro+ps can be created in an array?
Symmetri' D/L s"pports "p to :- total 8D& gro"ps.
What are the different types of Lin" config+rations for S3D'?
5nidirectional: If all primary (so"rce or 89) vol"mes reside in one Array and all secondary
(target or 8,) vol"mes reside in another Array, !rite operations move in one direction, from
primary to secondary. Data moves in the same direction over every link in the S8D& gro"p.
7idirectional: If an S8D& gro"p contains oth primary and secondary vol"mes, !rite
operations move data in oth directions over the S8D& links for that gro"p.
D"al.Directional: %ith a d"al.directional config"ration, m"ltiple S8D& gro"ps are "sedK
some gro"ps send data in one direction, !hile other gro"ps send data in the opposite
Ho) the S3D' synchrono+s mode of operation )or"s?
%rite I)1 received from host)server at the so"rce
The I)1 is transmitted to the target
An ackno!ledgment is provided y target ack to the so"rce
The I)1 is serviced to the host
Ho) the S3D' semi synchrono+s mode of operation )or"s?
An I)1 !rite is received from the host)server at the so"rce.
The I)1 is serviced to the host)server.
The I)1 is transmitted to the cache of the target.
An ackno!ledgment is provided y the target ack to the so"rce.
Ho) the S3D' Adapti%e copy mode of operations )or"s?
The I)1 is serviced to the host I)1 acc"m"lates in)onSymmetri' cache in %rite 3ending
/ode 89 vol"mes in Disk /ode.
I)1 is transmitted to the target.
An ackno!ledgment is provided y target ack to the so"rce.
What is Writing .ending and Dis" !ode of Adapti%e (opy?
I)1 is acc"m"lates in Symmetri' cache in %rite 3ending /ode
I)1 is acc"m"lates in 89 vol"me in Disk /ode
What is the p+rpose of Adapti%e copy mode?
Adaptive Copy /ode is "sed primarily for data migrations and data center moves.
Ho) the S3D' Asynchrono+s mode of operation )or"s?
The I)1 acc"m"lates in So"rce Symmetri' cache
The I)1 is serviced to the host
The I)1 is contin"ally transmitted to the target
The I)1 acc"m"lates in Target Symmetri' cache
What is S3D' Domino mode?
Domino /ode is "sed in con2"nction !ith other S8D& modes e'cept S8D&)A. It effectively
stop all !rite operations to oth so"rce and target vol"mes if target vol"me ecome
"navailale, or if all S8D& links ecome "navailale. 5ser !ill need to man"ally re.enale
the so"rce vol"mes. %hile s"ch a sh"tdo!n temporarily halts prod"ction processing,
domino modes can prevent data integrity e'pos"re that ca"ses the inconsistent image on
the target vol"me.
Ho) the S3D' domino mode )or"s?
The I)1 fails to transmit to the target
7oth So"rce and Target ecome "navailale
Ho) many 3A de%ices can be paired )ith one 3@ de%ice conc+rrently?
T!o
What are the restrictions of S3D' de%ice gro+p?
All devices in a disk gro"p m"st e in the same Symmetri' ICDA
All devices m"st e of the same type (8D&9, 8D&,, 8eg"lar)
A device can only elong to a single Device Cro"p per SI/A3I dataase
Ho) do yo+ chec" the connecti%ity stat+s of S3D' lin"?
Symrdf 4sid HSymIDH ping
Symrdf 4sid HSymIDH .8A list all
What are the disaster reco%ery operations?
&ailover: from the so"rce side to the target side, s!itching data processing to the target
side.
&ailack: from the target side to the so"rce side y s!itching data processing to the so"rce
side.
5pdate: the so"rce side after a failover !hile the target side may still e operational to its
local host.
Ho) )ill failo%er operation )or"s?
%rite Disale device(s) on SA at so"rce (89)
S"spend 8D& link(s)
8ead)%rite *nale device(s) on 8A at target (8,)
Ho) )ill +pdate operation )or"s?
S"spend 8D& link(s)
/erge device track tales et!een so"rce and target
8es"me 8D& link(s)
Ho) )ill failbac" operation )or"s?
%rite Disale device(s) on 8A at target (8,)
S"spend 8D& link(s)
8es"me 8D& link(s)
8ead)%rite *nale device(s) on SA at so"rce (89)
What are the decision s+pport S3D' operations?
*stalish:
8es"me $ormal S8D& operations
3reserves data on the so"rce (89) vol"mes, discarding changes to the target (8,) vol"mes
Split:
S"spends link et!een so"rce (89) and target (8,) vol"mes
*nales read and !rite operations on oth so"rce and target vol"mes
8estore
8es"me S8D& operations
3reserves data on the target (8,) vol"mes, discarding changes to the so"rce (89) vol"mes
Ho) the split operation )ill )or"s?
S"spend 8D& link(s)
8ead)%rite *nale device(s) on 8A at target (8,) also.
Ho) )ill establish operation )or"s?
S"spend 8D& link(s)
8es"me 8D& link(s)
8es"me 8D& link(s
Ho) )ill restore operation )or"s?
%rite Disale device(s) on SA at so"rce (89)
S"spend 8D& link(s)
8es"me 8D& link(s)
8ead)%rite *nale device(s) on SA at so"rce (89)
(an yo+ briefly e-plain abo+t S3D'=S?
S8D&)S is a config"ration of m"ltiple Symmetri' "nits that maintains real time copies of
logical vol"me data in more than one location.
&acility for maintaining real.time or near.real.time physically separate mirrors of selected
vol"mes.
5ses no host C35 reso"rces 4 /irroring done at the storage level
1perating system independent
There is a performance impact on arrays
#imited distance
(an yo+ briefly e-plain abo+t S3D'=Asynchrono+s?
The Symmetri' array provides a consistent point.in.time image on the target (8,) device,
!hich is a short period of time ehind the so"rce (89) device. /anaged in sessions, S8D&)A
transfers data in predefined timed cycles or delta sets to ens"re that data at the remote
(8,) site is dependent !rite consistent.
S8D&)A provides a long.distance replication sol"tion !ith minimal impact onperformance
that partic"larly preserves data consistency !ith the dataase.
3romotes efficient link "tili(ation res"lting in lo!er link and!idth.
/aintains a dependent !rite consistent copy on the 8, devices at all times.
S"pports all c"rrent S8D& topologies, incl"ding point.to.point and s!itched faric.
8e+"ires no additional hard!are, s"ch as s!itches or ro"ters.
S"pports all hosts and data em"lation types s"pported y the Symmetri' array
/inimi(es the impact imposed on the ack.end DA directors.
3rovides a performance response time e+"ivalent to !riting to local non.S8D& devices.
Allo!s restore, failover, and failack capaility et!een the 89 and the 8, sites.
What are the factors that effects the S3D'=A implementation?
S8D& link 7and!idth, Symmetri' Cache and %orkload.
What is S3D' A+tomated 3eplication?
S8D&)A8 allo!s "sers to a"tomate the se+"ence of S8D& and Time&inder mirror operations.
The a"tomated se+"ence, cycle, is performed on a "ser.defined interval called cycle time.
it is "s"ally set to operate in Adaptive Copy mode d"e to the long distance et!een local
and remote sites. This allo!s the "sers to save on net!ork and!idth th"s minimi(ing the
net!ork costs !itho"t compromising the integrity of the data.
Allo!s "siness restart site to e at any distance a!ay from so"rce
Collaoration of S8D& and Time&inder commands
/inimi(es net!ork costs
Ho) do yo+ change or set the S3D' mode of operations?
*'amples:
symrdf .g HDg$ameH set mode sync
symrdf .cg set mode semi
symrdf .f &ile$ame set mode async
symrdf .g HDg$ameH set domino on
symrdf .g HDg$ameH set domino off
symrdf .g HDg$ameH set mode acpR!p
symrdf .g HDg$ameH set mode acpRoff
symrdf .g prod set mode acpRdisk
symrdf .g prod set mode acpRoff
What is the bac"gro+nd process d+ring the S3D' pairs f+ll establish?
The target (8,) device is %rite Disaled to its local host I)1.
Traffic is s"spend on the S8D& links.
All the tracks on the target (8,) device are marked invalid.
All tracks on the 8, side are refreshed y the 89 so"rce side. The track tales are merged
et!een the 89 and 8, side.
Traffic is res"med on the S8D& links.
What is the bac"gro+nd process d+ring the failbac"?
The target (8,) device is %rite Disaled to its local hosts.
Traffic is s"spended on the S8D& links.
If the target side is operational, and there are invalid remote (8,) tracks on the so"rce side
(and the force option is specified), the invalid 89 so"rce tracks are marked to refresh from
the target side.
The invalid tracks on the so"rce (89) side are refreshed from the target 8, side. The track
tales are merged et!een the 89 and 8, sides.
The so"rce (89) device is 8ead)%rite *naled to its local hosts
Ho) )ill the S3D' restore operation )or"s?
The so"rce (89) device is %rite Disaled to its local hosts.
The target (8,) device is %rite Disaled to its local hosts.
Traffic is s"spended on the S8D& links.
All tracks on the so"rce (89) device are marked as invalid.
All 89 tracks are refreshed from the 8, side. The track tales are merged et!een the 89
and 8, side.
The so"rce (89) device is read)!rite enaled to its local hosts.
,-plain step by step proced+re to perform S3D'=S?
S8D&)S normal operations
Creating device gro"ps in so"rce and target Arrays:
symdg .type 8D&9 create HSo"rceDg$ameH
symdg .type 8D&, create HTargetDg$ameH
Adding devices 89 and 8, devices to so"rce and target device gro"ps
symld .g HSo"rceDg$ameH add dev HSymDev$ameH
symld .g HTargetDg$ameH add dev HSymDev$ameH
Setting S8D& mode of operation:
symrdf .g HDg$ameH set mode sync
S8D& normal operations:
symrdf .g HDg$ameH s"spend
symrdf .g HDg$ameH res"me
S8D&)S disaster recover operations
symrdf .g HDg$ameH failover
symrdf .g HDg$ameH "pdate .remote
symrdf .g HDg$ameH failack
S8D&)S decission s"pport operations:
symrdf .g HDg$ameH split
symrdf .g HDg$ameH restore
symrdf .g HDg$ameH estalish
,-plain step by step proced+re to perform S3D'=Asynchrono+s?
Creating 8D& gro"p:
symrdf addgrp .lael .rdfg HCrp$"mH .sid HSymIDH .dir HDir$"mH .remoteRsid 4remoteRdir
.remoteRrdfg H8emote8dfg$"mH
Create device pair:
symrdf .file HDev&ile$ameH .sid HSymIDH .rdfg HCrp$"mH .type r9 .estalish .g HDg$ameH
createpair 4noprompt
Changing S8D& mode :
symrdf .g HDg$ameH set mode async .noprompt
,-plain step by step proced+re to perform S3D'=A3 for single hop?
Create a device gro"p:
symdg create HDg$ameH .type reg"lar
Add the standard device to the device gro"p:
symld .g HDg$ameH add dev HSymDevH
Associate the 89)7C= device:
symcv .g HDg$ameH associate dev HSym7cvDevH
Associate the remote 7C= device:
symcv .g HDg$ameH associate dev .rdf .cv
3repare the mirror states and start the session:
symreplicate .g HDg$ameH start .option H3athH .set"p .consistent
Stop the session:
symreplicate .g HDg$ameH stop .nop
8estart the session:
symreplicate .g HDg$ameH restart .nop
18
Create a device gro"p:
symdg create HDg$ameH .type reg"lar
Add the standard device to the device gro"p:
symld .g HDg$ameH add dev HSymDevH
Associate the 89)7C= device:
symcv .g HDg$ameH associate dev HSym7cvDevH
Associate the remote 7C= device:
symcv .g HDg$ameH associate dev HSym7cvDevH .rdf .cv
*stalish the STD and 89)7C=:
symmir .g HDg$ameH estalish .f"ll
Split the STD and 89)7C=:
symmir .g HDg$ameH split .consistent
8es"me S8D& link:
symrdf .g HDg$ameH res"me .c
*stalish the 8, and remote 7C=:
symmir .g HDg$ameH est .f"ll .rdf .cv
Split the 8, and remote 7C=:
symmir .g HDg$ameH split .f"ll .rdf .cv
*stalish the STD and 89) 7C=:
symmir .g HDg$ameH estalish
Ho) the symstar )ill be config+red?
5ses conc"rrent and cascaded S8D&)Synchrono"s and S8D&)Asynchrono"s links to replicate
so"rce data synchrono"sly to a neary regional site and asynchrono"sly to a distant remote
site.
Ho) do yo+ reco%er s+spended or partitioned state session?
5sing symrecover command.
What are the access rights re2+ired if A(Ls enabled?
7AS* and C&CSI/ access rights re+"ired.
(an )e migrate the 3@ data to larger 3A de%ice?
Ies, !e can migrate the 89 data to larger 8, "t !e can not perform device s!ap,
S8D&)Star operations, !e can not restore ack to the 89 device and Concatenated meta
devices are not s"pported.
Ho) do yo+ create gro+ps for dynamic 3D' pairs in a de%ice file?
Creating dynamic pairs in a device file:
symrdf createpair .file HDev&ile$ameH .sid AA .rdfg , .type rdf9 .invalidate r, .g HDg$ameH
What is dynamic 3@=3A s)ap?
The dynamic 89)8, s!ap feat"re s!aps the S8D& personality of the S8D& device
designations of a specified device or composite gro"p
What is lin" limbo and ho) do yo+ specify?
feat"re allo!s yo" to set a specific length of time for *ngin"ity to !ait !hen a do!n link is
detected efore "pdating the link stat"s. If the link stat"s is still $ot 8eady after the link
limo time e'pires, devices are marked $ot 8eady to the link.
symrdf .sid M> .rdfg - set linkRlimo :>
Ho) do yo+ create=add the dynamic S3D' gro+p?
symrdf addgrp .lael H8dfCrp$ameH .rdfg H8dfCrp$"mH .sid HSymIDH .dir HDir$"mH
.remoteRrdfg - .remoteRsid HSymIDH .remoteRdir H8emDir$"mH
Ho) do yo+ add dynamic S3D' pairs to dynamic S3D' gro+p?
symrdf createpair .file HDev&ile$ameH .sid HSymIDH .rdfg H8dfCrp$"mH .type rdf9 .invalidate
r,
What are the Symmetri- Array/)ide parameter in S3D'=A?
/a'im"m S8D&)A Cache 5sage and /a'im"m 6ost Throttle Time
Ho) do yo+ set the metrics on symmetri- for S3D'=A?
set symmetri' rdfaRcacheRpercent P N-K
set symmetri' rdfaRhostRthrottleRtime P >K
What is 3D' gro+p session priority parameter?
%hen S8D&)A needs ts drop sessions !hen the cache %3 limit is reached, the sessions !ill
e dropped starting !ith priority val"es of :- !ith a setting of 9 eing the last to e
dropped.
What is the S3D' mode of operation for S3D'=A3?
Adaptive copy mode.
What are the re2+ired options for symreplicate options file?
SI/C#IR8*3#ICAT*R613RTI3* and one of SI/C#IR8*3#ICAT*RCIC#* or
SI/C#IR8*3#ICAT*RCIC#*RD*#AI
What is consitency and ho) to enable?
Consistent split allo!s "s to avoid inconsistencies and restart prolems that can occ"r if yo"
split a dataase.related 7C= !itho"t first +"iescing the dataase.
symrdf .g enale
What is a+tomatic tripping and man+ally tripping of composite gro+p?
A"tomatic Tripping . 1cc"rs !hen one or more 89 so"rce devices in an consistency enaled
Composite Cro"p cannot propagate data to their corresponding target devices.
/an"al Tripping . 1cc"rs !hen yo" invoke the symrdf 4cg s"spend or split command.
Symmetrix %ime$in&er - Possible Questions or !ntervie"
What is the p+rpose of 0ime'inder= !irror, (lone and SNA.?
Time&inder)/irror : 7ack"ps and %e content refresh
Time&inder)Clone : Data !areho"sing and Application testing
Time&inder)Snap : #ocal recovery and 9.ho"r 831
What are all possible commands +sed for 0ime'inder 1perations #!irror,
(lone and Snapshot&?
Symmir is for timefinder mirror operations
Symclone is for timefinder clone operations
Symsnap is for timefinder snap operations
symconfig"re is for devices creation
symdg is fir device gro"p operations
symld is for performing operatoins on devices in a device gro"p
symcv is for performing operations on devices in a device gro"p
symdev is for performing operations on devices
symcfg is for performing config"ratoin related operations
What is the B(* de%ice?
7C= is 7"siness Contin"ance =ol"me
Can e dynamically and non.disr"ptively estalished and synchroni(ed
Can e split instantly to create Tpoint.in.timeU copy.
5ses for the 7C= copies can incl"de ack"p, restore, decision s"pport, and applications
testing.
,-plain step by step proced+re for 0ime'inder !irror 1perations?
*stalish: Synchroni(e the standard vol"me to the 7C= vol"me
Split: Terminate mirror relationship et!een standard and 7C= vol"mes
8estore: Synchroni(e contents of 7C= vol"me to the standard vol"me
=erify: 3rovide c"rrent stat"s of 7C=)standard vol"me relationship.
Creating reg"lar device gro"p
symdg create .type reg"lar
Adding standard devices to the device gro"p
symld .g add dev .sid LLLL
Associating 7C= devices to the device gro"p
symcv .g addl dev .sid LLLL
*stalish mirror relationship et!een STD and 7C= devices
symmir .g .f"ll estalish .v
=erifying the synchroni(ation stat"s
symmir .g verify .synched
Splitting mirror relationship et!een STD and 7C= devices
symmir .g split
8estoring 7C=
symmir .g restore
=erify the restore stat"s
symmir .g verify .synched
What is the stat+s of So+rce and 0arget de%ices at the time of ,stablish,
Split and 3estore in mirror operations?
*stalish: STD device have 8)% access and 7C= device is in $8 state.
Split : 7oth STD and 7C= !ill have 8)% access
8estore : STD device have 8)% access and 7C= device is in $8 state.
Ho) )ill synchronization happen )hen perform establish?
The Symmetri' array checks that oth the standard device and the 7C= device are the same
si(e, the device specified as the 7C= has the 7C= attri"te, the standard device does not
already have a 7C= device assigned to it.
If the standard device is a meta head device, then the 7C= m"st also share the same meta
device properties. All meta memers !ill e implicitly estalished along !ith the meta
head device.
The 7C= device is set as $ot 8eady to the host.
The 7C= device is assigned as the ne't availale mirror of the standard device.
The contents of the standard device are copied to the 7C=.
What is the bac"gro+nd process in split operation?
Command validity is checked. &or e'ample, the Symmetri' array makes s"re that the
standard device has an active 7C= mirror and that the standard and 7C= devices comprise a
7C= pair.
I)1 is s"spended to the standard device "ntil the split operation completes.
Any pending !rite transactions to the standard device and the 7C= device are destaged.
The 7C= device is split from the 7C= pair.
The 7C= device state is changed to 8eady, enaling host access thro"gh its separate address
(7C=>>9).
What is defa+lt option )hile performing establish?
Incremental is the defa"lt action for estalish.
What is .o)er path Split?
3o!er 3ath holds I)1 d"ring split . 8ead and !rite I)1, e'ec"ted from host doing I)1,
affects only one host, does not re+"ire independent access to a gatekeeper.
What is ,(A #,ngin+ity (onsistent Assist& split?
Symmetri' holds I)1 d"ring split . %rite I)1 (s"se+"ent reads after first !rite), *'ec"ted
y any Symmetri'.attached host, m"ltiple host s"pport, re+"ires independent access to a
gatekeeper.
What are the preca+tions )e ha%e to ta"e )hile performing establish?
6ost access to 7C= devices m"st e stopped.
Stop application, "nmo"nt file system, and deactivate vol"me gro"p.
What are the preca+tions )e ha%e to ta"e )hile restoring a mirror?
All access to the STD device m"st e stopped. Applications m"st e stopped, file systems
m"st e "nmo"nted, and vol"me gro"ps m"st e deactivated !hen a restore is initiated.
Since the host is having read and !rite access to the standard device, if any application is
"sing the standard vol"me d"ring a restore, the res"lts !o"ld e "npredictale.
What is .rotected B(* ,stablish?
7oth /9 and /, of standard device instantly synchroni(ed !ith the /9 and /, of ,.!ay
mirror 7C=.
In a ,.!ay 7C= mirror config"ration for a normal estalish /, is fi'ed and can only e
"pdated from /9 after a split.
What is re%erse split?
Data !ill e moved from the /, mirror of the 7C= to its /9 mirror.
D"ring a reverse split, the fi'ed 7C= mirror (/,) !ill refresh the moving mirror (/9) after
the split operation. This is desirale !hen !e need to revert to an older copy of the data
that !as on the 7C= efore it !as estalished.
What is .rotected B(* 3estore?
A protected restore feat"re allo!s the contents of a 7C= to remain "nchanged d"ring and
after a restore operation, even !hile the 7C= and the standard are 2oined.
8estore a 7C= to a STD "t do not propagate STD !rites to the 7C= 4 5sed to retain original
7C= data after the restore process
Ho) many B(*s can be s+pported in m+lti B(* f+nctionality?
*ight 7C=s
Ho) many B(*s can be established conc+rrently to the standard %ol+me?
T!o 7C=s
$s 0ime'inder !irror S+pports conc+rrent restores?
Conc"rrent restores are not allo!ed.
$s the B(* can be mo+nted to the so+rce host?
7C= mirror can e mo"nted to same host "t there !ill d"plicate disk signat"res)vol"me
IDs need to change.
1ne de%ice can be a member of ho) many de%ice gro+ps?
1nly one device gro"p
De%ice <ro+ps are host based or Array based?
6ost ased. If !e enale the C$S in symmetri' array then !e can create array !ide device
gro"p.
What is foregro+nd and bac"gro+nd instant split?
&oregro"nd split completes instantly and ret"rns a s"ccess stat"s to the prod"ction.
7ackgro"nd split contin"es to split the mirror "ntil the split is complete. If the prod"ction
server tries to access information on a track that has not een split,the system first splits
the track and then completes the I)1 re+"est
,-pbrlain Step by step proced+re for 0ime'inder (lone 1perations?
Create: Create relationship et!een standard and Clone
Activate: Clone is no! active and availale immediately for read)!rite access 4 3rod"ction
I)1 is processed against standard
8e.Create: Clone is re.attached to Standard for ne! point.in.time copy
(incremental)differential)
*stalish: Create and activate
8estore: 8e.attached to Standard and incremental or f"ll restore is performed
Terminate: Terminate the relationship et!een so"rce and target
symdg create .type reg"lar
symld .g add .sid dev LLL9
symld .g add .sid dev LLL,
symclone .g create
symclone .g activate
symclone .g +"ery
symclone .g terminate
What are the different options )ith clone create and ,-plain?
Copy1nAccess: 1nly modified tracks are copied to clone vol"me after activation
&"ll Device Copy: &"ll copy in the ackgro"nd starts after activation
3recopy: &"ll copy in the ackgro"nd starts after creation
Differential: 5sed !ith &"ll Copy or 3recopy (implied &"ll Copy y defa"lt) 4 8e+"ired if
recreate clone session is planned 4 8e+"ired if incremental restore is planned.
(an )e +se S0Ds as a target for (lone?
Ies, !e can "se standard or 7C= as a clone.
Ho) many (opy1nAccess session) symclone )ill s+pport?
5p to 9: Copy1nAccess sessions
Ho) many conc+rrent '+ll copied session clone )ill s+pport?
5p to - conc"rrent &"ll Copied sessions
When )e ha%e to +se Edefferential option )hile create a clone session?
If clone recreate is planned or incremental restore is planned.
What )ill happen )hen )e acti%ate the clone session?
3laces the target in the 8ead)%rite (8%) state
Initiates copying if the .copy option has een specified in the symclone create command
1mitting the .copy option in the symclone create command defers data copying "ntil either
tracks on the so"rce are !ritten to or tracks on the target are read or !ritten to
,-plain Step by step proced+re for 0ime'inder Snap 1perations?
Create
symsnap 4g saved create D*=>>9 vdev ld =D*=>>A 4svp saveRd
Activate
symsnap 4g saved activate D*=>>9 vdev ld =D*=>>A
8estore
symsnap restore D*=>>9 vdev ld =D*=>>A
Terminate
symsnap 4g saved terminate D*=>>9 vdev ld =D*=>>A
Ho) the copy session )or"s in symsnap operation?
1nce the Time &inder Snap session is activated:
%hen a host attempts to !rite to the data on the prod"ction vol"me, the original track is
first copied to the TSave AreaU, then the !rite is processed against the prod"ction vol"me.
This process of pointers maintains the consistent, point.in.time copy of the data for the
ongoing snapshot.
What is the bac"gro+nd process )hile terminating the clone session?
%hen a copy session is terminated
The virt"al device is made not ready
Tracks on the save device(s) are reclaimed if they are not referenced y any other copy
session
The copy session str"ct"res are freed "p
Ho) many snapshots can be created from a single so+rce %ol+me?
5pto 9A snap sessions can e create !ith so"rce vol"me.
Ho) many snapshot can be created in m+lti %irt+al?
9,M
What )ill happen if sa%e area is r+n o+t of space?
The target =D*= goes in $ot 8eady ($8) state, applications e!are] Copy.on.!rite is
disaled and the so"rce track is changed.
What is the recommended size of *D,*?
9):>>th the si(e of a so"rce device
Ho) the data )ill be stored in sa%e de%ices in a sa%e pool?
Data !ill e stored in a save pool as a ro"nd.roin manner.
'M( (lariion - Possible Questions or !ntervie"
,-plain (lariion architect+re?
The C#A8ii1$ storage system is ased on a mod"lar architect"re. The first "ilding lock of
the architect"re is the Disk 3rocessor *nclos"re, or D3*. The D3* ho"ses the storage
3rocessor(s) and the first &ire Channel Aritrated #oop (&C.A#) disks. Disk Array *nclos"res
(DA*s) are interconnected "sing #ink Control Cards (#CCs).The mod"le architect"re allo!s
the c"stomer to add drives as needed to meet capacity re+"irements. %hen more capacity
is re+"ired, additional disk array enclos"res (DA* or DA*,) containing disk mod"les can e
easily added. #CC or #ink Control Cards are "sed to connect shelves of disks. In addition,
the #CC monitors the &85s !ithin the shelf and reports stat"s information to the storage
processor. The #CC contains ypass circ"itry that allo!s contin"ed operation of the loop in
the event of port fail"re.
$e!er C#A8ii1$ arrays have t!o processors per Storage 3rocessor, and do not "se a D3*.
Instead, it "tili(es an S3* or Storage 3rocessor *nclos"re. The S3* does not contain any disk
mod"les, so it m"st have at least one DA*, and a ma'im"m of 9: DA*,s. C#A8ii1$
Architect"re is ased on intelligent Storage 3rocessors that manage physical drives on the
ack end and service host re+"ests on the front end, e it &ire Channel or iSCSI protocols.
Storage 3rocessors comm"nicate to each other over the C#A8ii1$ /essaging Interface
(C/I). 7oth the front.end connection to the host and the ack.end connection to the
physical storage is ,C &ire channel.
What are different types of (lariion models?
CL.,>>,@>>,@>>i,->>,A>>,A>>i,:>> and G>>
CL@.9>, ,>, -> and CL@.M>
CL-.9,>, ,->, -M> and CL-.N:>
AL Series
&C Series
What are the management tools for (lariion?
$aviCli
$aviSphere /anager
*/C Control Center
SymCli
!inim+m n+mber of dis"s re2+ired to create 3A$D @=6 raid gro+p?
-,:,9>
What is Access Logi-?
Access #ogi' provides #5$ masking that allo!s sharing of storage system.
What are the significant feat+res of Access Logi-?
#5$ masking.
3resents a virt"al storage system.
/aps C#A8ii1$ #5$s (&#A8* #5$s) to host #5$s.
/anages the Access Control #ist.
/anages Initiator 8egistration 8ecords . Access #ogi' dataase entries.
Why Access Logi- has to be enabled?
If Access #ogi' is not enaled all #5$s are presented to all storage system ports. Any host
that connects to the storage system !ill then have access to all of the #5$s on that storage
system. In environments !here m"ltiple hosts attach to the storage system, this !ill ca"se
prolems. %indo!s systems may attempt to take o!nership of #5$s elonging to other
%indo!s systems, and 5ni' systems may try to mo"nt %indo!s #5$s, Access #ogi' solves
these prolems y performing #5$ masking 4 it masks certain #5$s from hosts that are not
a"thori(ed to see them, and presents those #5$s only to the server(s) !hich are a"thori(ed
to see them. In effect, it present a ^virt"al storage system; to each host 4 the host sees the
e+"ivalent of a storage system dedicated to it alone, !ith only its o!n #5$s visile to it.
Another task !hich Access #ogi' performs is the mapping of C#A8ii1$ #5$s, often called
&#A8* #5$s or &#5s, to host #5$s. It !ill determine !hich physical addresses, in this case
the device n"mers, each attached host !ill "se for its #5$s. $ote that this feat"re is
config"rale y the "ser thro"gh the C#I and the C5I. Access to #5$s is controlled y
information stored in the Access #ogi' dataase, !hich is resident in a reserved area of
C#A8ii1$ disk . the 3S/ #5$. The Access #ogi' soft!are manages this dataase.%hen host
agents in the C#A8ii1$ environment start "p, typically shortly after host oot time, they
send initiator information to all storage systems they are connected to. This initiator
information is stored in the Access #ogi' dataase.
Ho) can yo+ chec" and enable Access Logi-?
8ight click on Clariion Array select 3roperties from the drop do!n men".
Click on Storage Access Ta
Check !hether Access Control *naled
Ho) many initiators can be connected per port in (8466 (8F66?
CLA>> 4 :- Initiators)3ort
CL:>> 4 @, Initiators)3ort
What is (!$? (lariion !essage $nterface?
Storage 3rocessors comm"nicate to each other over the C#A8ii1$ /essaging Interface
(C/I).
What is S. (ollects and ho) do yo+ gather S. (ollects?
Spcollect is a Storage 3rocessor ased perl script !hich gathers significant information from
the Storage 3rocessor and "ndles this information for investigation y engineering.
navicli 4h _ip` spcollect _eng mode pass!ord` 4 invoke the spcollects
navicli 4h _ip` managefiles 4list 4 to monitor the progress
navicli 4h _ip` managefiles 4retrieve 4file _filename` 4 to transfer spcollect file to
management host.
The managefiles command !ill transfer the data file to the $avisphere C#I directory !here
the command !as invoked
,-plain step by step proced+re to assign a LN to e-isting Host?
%ill check is there any free space is availale in e'isting 8AID gro"p as per the re+"ired
#5$ Capacity.
If not availale create the ne! 8AID gro"p
7ind the #5$
%ill go to the host;s storage gro"p properties and open the #5$ ta and add the ne!ly
created #5$
,-plain step by step proced+re for storage pro%ision to the ne) host?
Installing 67A drivers in ne! host
Installing $aviAgent
Installing 3o!erpath if re+"ired
Creating 0one, add ne! (one to (one set, save and enale the (one.
Checking the host connectivity stat"s in the array
Create a ne! 8AID
7ind a #5$ (create #5$s as per the host re+"irement)
Create a meta#5$ if re+"ired
Create a Storage Cro"p
Add 6ost and #5$ in the storage gro"p properties !indo!
8eoot the host and check the #5$ visiility at host.end.
What are pre re2+isites for LN migration?
/igration moves data from one #5$ to another #5$
Any 8AID type to any 8AID type, &C to ATA or ATA to &C
$either #5$ may e private #5$s or 6ot Spares
$either #5$ may e inding, e'panding, or migrating
*ither or oth may e meta#5$s
Destination #5$ may not e in a Stora ge Cro"p
Destination #5$ may not e part of Snap=ie! or /irror=ie! operations
Destination #5$ may e larger than So"rce #5$
Ho) do yo+ create a !eta LN?
8ight Click on #5$ [ Select *'pand [ *'pand Storage %i(ard !ill appear click on $e't [
Select the *'pansion Type (Stripped or Concatenate) and Click on $e't [ Confirm the
3reserve Data dialog [ Select the memers (#5$) of /eta and click on $e't [ Select the
5ser Capacity and click on $e't [ give the /eta#5$ name, Defa"lt 1!ner, *'pansion 8ate,
etc.. and click on $e't [ 8evie! the S"mmary and click on &inish.
What is the recommended ration of 3ead and Write cache?
M>a 8ead and ,>a %rite Cache
Ho) do yo+ tro+bleshoot if the Hosts are not registering iss+e?
9. 8ight click on clariion array and check the connectivity stat"s !hether the initiators are
sho!ing. If it is sho!ing check !hether the initiators are logged in.
,. If it is sho!ing "nder connectivity stat"s and registered stat"s sho!ing H$1H then yo"
need to install Agent or else yo" need to register it man"ally.
@. If it is 8egistered and not logged in then yo" need to check the 0oning side and physical
connectivity.
-. if the host initiators are not sho!ing "nder connectivity stat"s at all then yo" need check
the (oning and physical connectivity. If possile remove the (one and create it ack. 1nce
yo" create the (one dont forget to *nale and Save the config. After this 2"st refresh it.
A. 1nce all these tasks are fine then yo" can login to $avisphere and "pdate the array once.
5pdate is over then yo" can go to connectivity stat"s and check.
What are the significant feat+res of !etaLN?
A meta#5$ is created y comining #5$s
Dynamically increase #5$ capacity
Can e done on.line !hile host I)1 is in progress
A #5$ can e e'panded to create a meta#5$ and a meta#5$ can e f"rther
e'panded y adding additional #5$s
Striped or concatenated
Data is restriped !hen a striped meta#5$ is created
Appears to host as a single #5$
Added to storage gro"p like any other #5$
Can e "sed !ith /irror=ie!, Snap=ie!, or SA$ Copy
S"pported only on CL family !ith $avisphere :.A?
What are the significant feat+res of 'LA3, operating systems?
&#A8* 1perating *nvironment r"ns in the C#A8ii1$ Storage 3rocessor. I)1 handling, 8AID
algorithms.
*nd.to.end data protection.
Cache implementation.
3rovisioning and reso"rce allocation.
/emory "dgets for caching and for snap sessions, mirrors, clones, copies.
3rocess Sched"ling.
7oot /anagement.
What are the significant feat+res of (ache !emory?
Cache memory on an S3 performs t!o tasks:
Staging: Temporary "ffering of c"rrent read and !rite data.
Al!ays performed on each I)1.
Storage: 8epository for fre+"ently accessed data.
/aintaining copies of read and !rite data.
5ser m"st e'plicitly enale this (for oth read and !rite).
7"rst Smoothing . Asor "rsts of !rites !itho"t ecoming Tdisk o"ndU.
%rite cache optimi(ation.
#ocality . /erge several !rites to the same area into a single operation.
Increases !rite performance.
Immediacy . Satisfy "ser re+"ests !itho"t going to the disks.
8ead cache optimi(ation prefetching of data for se+"ential reads.
What are the significant feat+res of (lariion ,%ent !onitor?
The *vent /onitor C5I is integrated !ith $avisphere /anager.
*vent /onitor is part of the $avisphere Agent.
/onitors for "ser.config"rale events.
8eports those events in "ser.config"rale !ays.
/ay la"nch other "tilities)applications.
Can send S$/3 traps to *nterprise /anagement 3latforms.
What are the (lariion 1perating Layers?
*/C Control Center) Clariion 7ased Applications
$avisphere /anager)$aviCli
&#A8* 1perating *nvironment
Clariion 6ard!are
,-plain step by step proced+re for LN migration?
8ight Click on the #5$ and select migrate from the drop do!n men".
Select the migration rate and click on 1S.
%e can check the stat"s from migration ta in the #5$ properties page.
What is the process of LN !igration 1perations?
Data is copied from So"rce #5$ to Destination #5$
. So"rce stays online and accepts I)1
Destination ass"mes identity of So"rce !hen copy completes
. #5$ ID, %%$
. Storage Cro"p memership
So"rce #5$ is "no"nd after copy completes
The migration process is non.disr"ptive
4 There may e a performance impact
#5$ /igration may e cancelled at any point
. Storage system ret"rns to its previo"s state
What is .ri%ate LN?
The #5$ ecomes private #5$ !hen yo" add it to the reserved #5$ pool. Since the #5$s in
the reserved #5$ pool are private #5$s, they cannot elong to storage gro"ps and a server
cannot perform I)1 to them.
What is 3eser%ed LN .ool?
The reserved #5$ pool !orks !ith replication soft!are, s"ch as Snap=ie!, SA$ Copy, and
/irror=ie!)A to store data or information re+"ired to complete a replication task. The
reserved #5$ pool consists of one or more private #5$s.
Ho) do yo+ create a +ser and assign access rights?
Click on Tools [ Click on Sec"rity [ Click on 5ser management
&rom the 5ser /anagement !indo!s Click on Add
Cive the "ser name, 8ole, access level (Cloal or #ocal) and pass!ord.
Ho) do yo+ monitor (lariion alerts?
5sing Clariion *vent /onitor
Ho) the (lariion ,%ent !onitor )or"s?
The *vent /onitor C5I is integrated !ith /anager
*vent /onitor is part of the $avisphere Agent
*vent /onitor is designed to r"n in the ackgro"nd, !itho"t permanent s"pervision y the
operator
1nce *vent /onitor is initially config"red, there is no f"rther need to r"n 5I
*vent /onitor relies on the te't file navimon.cfg
Self.doc"menting te't file incl"ded in Interface Sit
Does not re+"ire *vent /onitor 5I
/onitor Agents r"n on one or more hosts (or S3s) and !atch over the storage systems
%hen an event is detected, the agent notifies the "ser As defined y navimon.cfg
Can send S$/3 traps to *nterprise /anagement 3latforms.
What are *a+lt dri%es and ho) m+ch capacity they +se?
Clariion 3latformRRRRR:=a"lt DriversRRRR:=a"lt overhead per drive
CLRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR:>.-RRRRRRRRRRRRRR::.,, C7
CL@RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR:>.-RRRRRRRRRRRRRR:@@ C7
CL-RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR:>.-RRRRRRRRRRRRRR::, C7
AL-.ARRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR:>.@RRRRRRRRRRRRRR:9G.- C7
=a"lt Drives:
All Clariions have =a"lt Drives. They are the first five (A) disks in all Clariions. Disks >R>R>
thro"gh >R>R-. The =a"lt drives on the Clariion are going to contain some internal
information that is pre.config"red efore yo" start p"tting data on the Clariion. =a"lt
Drives contains =a"lt area, 3S/ #"n, &lare dataase #"n and 1perating System.
The =a"lt:
The va"lt is a ^save area; across the first five disks to store !rite cache from the Storage
3rocessors in the event of a 3o!er &ail"re to the Clariion, or a Storage 3rocessor &ail"re.
The 3S/ #"n:
The 3ersistent Storage /anager #"n stores the config"ration of the Clariion. S"ch as Disks,
8aid Cro"ps, #"ns, Access #ogi' information, Snap=ie! config"ration, /irror=ie! and
SanCopy config"ration as !ell.
&lare Dataase #5$:
The &lare Dataase #5$ !ill contain the &lare Code that is r"nning on the Clariion. I like to
say that it is the application that r"ns on the Storage 3rocessors that allo!s the S3s to
create the 8aid Cro"ps, 7ind the #5$s, set"p Access #ogi', Snap=ie!, /irror=ie!, SanCopy,
etcb
1perating System:
The 1perating System of the Storage 3rocessors is stored to the first five drives of the
Clariion.

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