ESAT

1. Question: A receiver has a sensitivity of 0.8 V and a blocking

dynamic range of 60 db. What is the strongest signal that can be
present along with a 0.8 V signal without blocking taking place?

Solution:

2. Question: The moon revolves the earth with a period of
approximately 28 days. How far away is it? Assume circular orbit.


Solution:

38400 km

3. Question: For an 8 PSK modulation, data with a carrier frequency
of 80 MHz, and an input rate of 10 Mbps, determine the minimum
Nyquist Bandwidth.


Solution:

4. Question: In a certain cellular system, the following information is
given: 10 clusters, 7 cells per cluster, and 16 channels per cell. How
many channels are available?


Solution:


5. Question: Given the DC power input of 1000W. Find the audio
power necessary to modulate an RF amplifier of 90%.


Solution:

6. Question: A PM transmitter produces a maximum frequency
deviation of 12 kHz on a signal-mode frequency that has 400 Hz to
4kHz. What is the maximum phase shift of the system?


Solution:

7. Question: In fiber optics communication, find the optical power
45 km from a 0.1 mW source on a modulating frequency of 0.25
dB/km loss.


Solution:
(

8. Question: What is the power density at a distance of 500m with a
1 kW dipole antenna?


Solution:

9. Question: For Quarternary Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) Modulation,
the data rate has a frequency carrier of 6 MHz and an input rate of
10 Mbps. Determine the minimum Nyquist Bandwidth.


Solution:

10. Question: At 20 km of free space from a point source, the power
density is 200 W/m
2
. What is the power density 30 km away from
this source?


Solution:

11. Question: A telephone signal takes 2 ms to reach its destination.
Calculate the Via Net Loss for an acceptable amount of echo.


Solution:

12. Question: In transmission lines, what is the physical length of a
twin-lead feed line at 31.5 MHz?


Solution:

)
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13. Question: In FM broadcasting, what is the carrier frequency in
MHz of a station with a channel number of 211?


Solution:

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14. Question: Light enters glass of refractive index 1.62. From air, if
the angle of incidence is 40, determine the angle of refraction?


Solution:

15. Question: Calculate the beamwidth between nulls of a 2-m
paraboloid reflector used at 6 GHz. Note: such reflectors are often
used at that frequency as antennas outside broadcast TV microwave
links.

Solution:

16. Question: How many Hamming bits are required for a 7-bit ASCII
code?


Solution:

17. Question: A CDMA mobile measures signal strength from the
base of -100 dB
m
. What should the mobile transmitter power be set
to, as first approximation considering -76 dB as mobile power
control?


Solution:

= 250 mW

18. Question: What is the length of the path to a geostationary
station from an Earth station if the angle of elevation is 30?


Solution:

19. Question: By how much should two antennas be separated for
space diversity in the 11 GHz band?


Solution:

20. Question: What is the frequency deviation constant for a Clapp
oscillator frequency-modulated for an unmodulated carrier
frequency of 75 MHz with a fixed bias of 20 V and N=0.2?


Solution:

21. Question: Determine the electric field strength 20 km from an
elementary doublet 20 cm in length with an antenna current of 2 A
and operated at 10 MHz.
Solution:

22. Question: Calculate the maximum frequency range of a
microwave system whose transmitter height is 52 km and receiver
height of 32 km.


Solution:

23. Question: A system has a loss of 31 dB. If the input power is 5 W
then, what is the output power?


Solution:

)


24. Question: Determine the visual carrier frequency of TV channel9.


Solution:

25. Question: What is the maximum data rate in Mbps of fiber
length of 20 km and a dispersion factor of 25 ns/km?


Solution:

26. Question: What is the harmonically related carrier of
channel125?


Solution:




27. Question: For total capacity of 36 Mbps and 64 QAM of digital
modulation, what is the ideal RF beamwidth?


Solution:

28. Question: What is the critical frequency of an ionosphere layer if
the maximum value of the electron density is 210
6
per cm
3
?


Solution:

29. Question: In commercial C-band for satellite communication, the
spectrum allocated is 500 MHz divided into 92 channels with a
bandwidth of 36 MHz each. What is the center frequency spacing
between?


Solution:

30. Question: Calculate the power in a 100 mV peak NRZ square
wave on a 250-ohm channel of a digital system.


Solution:

31. Question: In NTSC standard, line frequency = 15734.264 Hz, what
is the equivalent line period?


Solution:

32. Question: In tropospheric scatter link, the aperture to medium
coupling loss otherwise known as antenna gain degradation occurs
because of the very nature of tropospheric scatter in that the
antennas used are not doing what is expected of them in using ITU-R
suggestion, what is the aperture to medium coupling loss for two 25
ft. antennas one end of the path, with 2 scatter angle and a 5 GHz
operating frequency?


Solution:

33. Question: In a microwave a communication system, what is the
amount loss contributed by a reliability object of 99.95%?


Solution:







34. Question: What is the refractive index in a Teflon (
T2
= 2)
medium of a radio wave from air (
T1
= 1.0) if the angle of incidence
is 45.


Solution:

35. Question: A phase locked loop frequency of a VCO has a free-
tuning frequency of 16 MHz. As the frequency of the reference input
is gradually raised from zero, loops locks at 12 MHz.


Soluting:

36. Question: The oscillator of a CB transmitter is absolutely
accurate to 0.006%. What is the maximum frequency of the actual
transmission if it is set to transmit at channel 8 with a nominal
carrier frequency of 27.175 MHz.


Solution:

)

37. Question: The maximum voltage standing wave of an RG-11/U
foam coaxial cable is 52 V and its minimum voltage is 17 V. How
many percent is reflected to the incident power.


Solution:

38. Question: What is the maximum and transmitter radiated power
if the peak visual transmitter power 120 kW for both.


Solution:





39. Question: Determine the bandwidth efficiency of 8-PSK
modulation scheme if its transmission rate is 21 MHz.


Solution:

40. Question: In a microwave communications system, what is the
multipath effect for a distance of 25 km so that the fade margin can
be estimated for that particular link using 4 GHz of frequency and an
objective of 99.995%?


Solution:

41. Question: What is the wavelength of a radio signal
traveling at a frequency of 220 MHz in a coaxial cable having Teflon
foam as its dielectric,
r
= 2?


Solution:

42. Question: An AM receiver is using a double tuned IF transformer
having a coupling constant of 1.5 K
c
. The quality factor of the
primary and secondary winding is 40 and 30 respectively. What is
the bandwidth of the transformer if the IF is 455 kHz?


Solution:

43. Question: What is the total waveguide dispersion of a single-
mode-step-index fiber with 5 km of length and is utilized for a light
source of 1.5 m? Assume spectrum of 5 nm.


Solution:

44. Question: Determine the effective isotropic radiated power
(EIRP) of a transmitter system with the following data: antenna gain
= 30 dB, input power = 100 W and efficiency = 80%.


Solution:

45. Question: As per ITU-R Res. V. 431-C Table 1 & 2 wavelength
classification. The classification of a Super High Frequency is:


Solution:

46. Question: Calculate the video frequency response corresponding
to the horizontal resolution of 320 lines of the TV receiver.


Solution:

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47. Question: In microwave communication, if a passive repeater is
fully illuminated, what is its beamwidth when the linear dimension is
half the wavelength?


Solution:

48. Question: A radio communication link is to be established via
ionosphere. The maximum virtual length of the layer is 110 km at
the midpoint of the path and the critical frequency is 4 MHz. If the
distance between the radio stations is 500 km, what is the suitable
value for the optimum working frequency? Use flat terrain analysis.


Solution:

49. Question: In CDMA cellular system, what is the radiated mobile
phone transmitter power when the signal strength measured from
the base is 23.15 W?


Solution:

50. Question: The modulating signal of a certain frequency system
has produced 36 kHz frequency deviation. Determine the percent
modulation if the maximum frequency deviation is 50 kHz.

Solution:

51. Question: In acoustic, determine the resonant frequency of a
Helmholtz resonator whose cavity volume is 1.5 m
3
and radius of 15
cm.


Solution:

52. Question: For a BPSK, with a carrier frequency of 100 MHz and a
bit rate or 14 Mbps, what is the maximum Nyquist Bandwidth?


Solution:

53. Question: What is the maximum aural transmitter radiated
power if the peak visual transmitter power is 120 kW?


Solution:

54. Question: A CCTV system requires an archive time of 14 days. It
is decided that the recorder must operate at a rate of 5 pps and for
the proposed machine file capacity of 24 kb per picture in order to
obtain an image quality comparable to that of an S-VCD recorder.
Determine the required hard disk capacity.


Solution:






55. Question: How often is hand off occur in a vehicle that travels
through CMTS at 100 kilometer per hour speed if the distance
between cell sites is 10 kilometers?


Solution:

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56. Question: Determine the noise factor of a device if the noise
temperature is 290 K?


Solution:

57. Question: In an acoustic room, determine the amount of
absorption at 9000 Hz by 20,000 m
3
of air inside a concert hall when
relative humidity of air inside is 50%?


Solution:


(

58. Question: An FM transmitter system uses 1 MHz crystal oscillator
to generate a stable 108 MHz final carrier frequency. The output of
mixer is fed with X36 multiplier circuit and then mixed with 34.5
MHz signal. The sum output of the mixer is then filtered out while
the difference is fed to another multiplier in order to generate stable
final carrier frequency. What is the multiplier value?


Solution:

59. Question: The reference voltage of a CATV is 1 mV across a 75 .
Consider an amplifier with a voltage gain of 20 driving a cable with
an attenuation factor of 0.5. Find the final output in dBmV.


Solution:










60. Question: Calculate the frequency deviation of an FM modulator
that has k
f
= 30 kHz/V and operates at a carrier frequency of 175
MHz and modulated by a 6 V sine wave.


Solution:

()

()

61. Question: What is the range of radar target when time to receive
signal is 160 s.

Solution:

62. Question: A network with a bandwidth of 10 Mbps can pass only
an average of 12,000 frames per minute with each frame carries an
average of 10,000 bits. What is the throughput of this network?


Solution:

63. Question: A tone is measured 82 dBrnC in the output of a four
wire central office. What will it be at a local loop that is at -8 dB TLP
in dBa?

Solution:

64. Question: Given the energy level of 6.62410
-18
imparted to an
electron stream by an x-ray device. Calculate the frequency in MHz?


Solution:

65. Question: In fiber optic communications, how much is the
amount loss when the launching fiber has a numerical aperture of
0.2 and the receiving fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.1?


Solution:
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66. Question: Calculate the amount of image frequency of an AM
broadcast receiver having the following specifications: intermediate
frequency is 455 kHz and the receiver is tuned to DZRH station (630
kHz in the AM band).


Solution:

67. Question: A system has a noise power of 200 mW with no signal.
The output increases to 5000 mW when the signal is applied.
Calculate the (S+N)/N as a power ratio in dB.


Solution:
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68. Question: The input signal of a mu-law compressor is positive
with its voltage one-half of the maximum value. What proportion of
the maximum voltage is produced?


Solution:

69. Question: An SSB transmitter radiated into a 75 load. What is
the peak enveloper power (PEP) if the peak-to-peak voltage is 700
V?
Solution:

70. Question: If a heart measures 12.5 cm from side to side at its
widest point and its image from chest radiograph measures 14.7 cm,
what is the magnification factor?


Solution:

71. Question: An IPv4 has an address space of how many?

Solution:

72. Question: If the temperature is increased to 30 C then what is
the change in the velocity of sound in dry air?


Solution:

73. Question: For a 16-QAM modulator with an input bit rate (f
b
)
equal to 20 Mbps and a carrier frequency of 200 MHz. Determine
the minimum double-side Nyquist Bandwidth (f
n
)?


Solution:

74. Question: A reliever IF filter has a shape factor of 4, a bandwidth
of 6 kHz at the 6 dB down point. Calculate the bandwidth of the 60
dB down.


Solution:

75. Question: The current of an AM transmitter is 1.8 A when
modulated to depth of 50%. If additionally modulated by another
sine wave to a depth of 80% then what is the total current of the AM
transmitter?

Solution:

76. Question: The modulation index of an AM radio transmitter is
0.75. If the carrier power is 500 W, what is the total power
transmitted?

Solution:

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77. Question: Determine the sound power in watts of a banks alarm
if a bystander heard the alarm sound pressure level of 100 dB SPL.
The bystander is 100 feet away from the bank.


Solution:

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78. Question: Determine the shot noise for a diode with a forward
biased of 1 mA over a 20 MHz bandwidth. (Q = 1.610 false to the
minus 19 c)


Solution:

79. Question: A group of filters has 1/3 octave of spacing. If the
initial frequency is 25 Hz. What is the next frequency available for
the filter?


Solution:

)


80. Question: A phone modulator has a K
p
= 4 Rad/v. What RMS
voltage of a sine wave would cause a peak deviation of 30 degrees?


Solution:

81. Question: A transmitter operates from 12 V of power supply with
a collector current of 2 A. The modulation transformer has a turn
ratio of 4:2. Determine the load impedance seen by the audio
amplifier.


Solution:

82. Question: A loudspeaker produces an SPL of 85 dB SPL at 1
meter distance and input electrical power of 1W. How loud is the
SPL at distance of 20 meters if the speaker is driven to low of
electrical power?


Solution:








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83. Question: +26 dBu is how many volts?

Solution:

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84. Question: In cable TV, determine the standard frequency carrier
of channel 122?


Solution:




85. Question: The TV channel has a bandwidth of 6 MHz. Ignoring
noise, find the S/N in dB if a 12 level code is used.


Solution:

86. Question: A TDR display shows a discontinuity 1.4 s from the
start. If the line has a velocity factor of 0.6, how far is the fault from
the reflectometer?


Solution:

87. Question: Determine the modulation index of an FM system
whose carrier swing is 12 kHz and modulating frequency of 6 kHz.


Solution:

88. Question: An AM receiver is tuned to a broadcast station of 1000
kHz. Calculate the image frequency refection ratio (IFRR), assuming
that the input filter consists of one tuned circuit with a Q of 80. The
intermediate frequency of an AM is 455 kHz with a local oscillator
frequency of 1355 kHz.


Solution:

89. Question: At what frequency a dipole of 3.6 m length is
operated?


Solution:

90. Question: A rectangular waveguide has a 24 cm. dimension.
Determine the cut-off frequency assuming dominant mode of
operation.


Solution:

91. Question: How many flyback lines are produced during vertical
retrace for each field when retrace time is 3% of the vertical trace
time in TV receivers?


Solution:



92. Question: Determine the radio horizon for a transmit antenna
that is 200 ft. high and a receiving antenna 100 m high.


Solution:

93. Question: Determine the maximum data rate for a channel
operated between 300 to 3 kHz if the S/N is 24 dB.


Solution:
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94. Question: A fiber of core index 1.5 and cladding is dope to have a
fractional difference of 0.0035 calculate the intermodal dispersion
considering a multimode graded index fiber.


Solution:

95. Question: Determine the transmitted data stream of the ff. data
and CRC generating the polynomials. G(x) = x raised to the power 7 +
x raised to the power 5 + x raised to the power 4 + x raised to the
power to the 2
nd
+ x +1. F(x) = x raised to the power 5 + x raised to
the power 4 + x + one.


Solution:

96. Question: For the following parameters, determine the energy
per bit to noise power density ratio. C = 10e
-12
W; N = 1.210e
-14
W;
f
b
= 60 kbps; B =120 kHz.


Solution:

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97. Question: In microwave communications, find the optical power
45 km from a 0.1 mW source on a single mode fiber that has 0.25
dB/km loss.


Solution:
(

98. Question: At 20 km in free space from a point source the power
density is 200 W/m
2
. What is the power density at 30 km away
from this source?


Solution:

99. Question: A transmitter system has an input power of 80 W. If
the efficiency of the transmitter is 80% them what is the power
density 20 km from the transmitter. Assuming a transmitting
antenna gain of 16 dB.


Solution:

)

100. Question: A telephone subscriber line must have anSWR
dB

above 40. What is the minimum number of bits?


Solution:

101. Question: A PM system operates with a modulation index of 1.3
rad. What is the maximum phase shift in degrees?

Solution:

102. Question: An isolator has a forward loss of 0.7 dB and return
loss of 26 dB. A power source provides 1 to an isolator a load is
resistive with SWR of 3. How much power is dissipated on the load?


Solution:

103. Question: In digital communication determine the loss when
light is released from a bigger fiber core of 40 m diameter to a
smaller fiber core of 10 m diameter.


Solution:

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104. Question: Find the potential generated if blood flows in a vessel
with radius 0.9 cm cuts a magnetic field 250 G. Assume the volume
rate flow is 175 cubic centimeters per second.


Solution:

105. Question: An AM receiver uses double winding IF transformer
with a coupling constant of 1.5 K
c
. The quality factor of the primary
and the secondary windings are 40 and 30 respectively. What is the
bandwidth of the transformer if the IF is 10.7 MHz?


Solution:

106. Question: A receiver has two uncoupled tune circuit, each
having a Q of 65. It has a signal frequency of 100 MHz and an IF of
10.7 MHz. The local oscillator uses high side injection. Determine the
image frequency rejection ratio in dB.


Solution:

107. Question: A radiographic single phase unit has a maximum
capacity of 100 millisecond of 120 kV
p
and 500 mA. Determine the
power rating.


Solution:

108. Question: A multiplexer combines 4 100 kHz channels using a
time slot of 2 bits. Determine the frame duration.


Solution:

109. Question: How much time does it take to sea 20 lines if it takes
60 s to scan 400 lines?


Solution:

)

110. Question: Determine the power in dBm at the receiver with 20
V input voltage and 50 input resistance.


Solution:

111. Question: In PCM-TDM system, determine the minimum
sampling rate with 6 kHz of bandwidth.


Solution:

112. Question: In fiber optics, one of the factor affecting the loss in
connectors and splices is optical gap loss that case what is known as
Fresnel loss due to the change in refractive index in going from core
(n
1
) to air (n
2
) and then back to core (n
1
). If n
1
= 1.2 and n
2
= 1.3,
what is the Fresnel loss.


Solution:
(

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113. Question: The European ITU-T TDM system is using the added-
channel framing to achieve frame synchronization. If the number of
bits per frame is 512 and the number of bits in the frame code is 8,
what is the average number of bits needed to acquire frame
synchronization?


Solution:

114. Question: The efficiency of an antenna is 82%. Its radiation
resistance is 30 . What is the value of its loss resistance?


Solution:

115. Question: What is the effective radiated power (ERP) of a
repeater with 100 W transmitting power output 4 dB feedlineloss, 6
dB circulator loss and feedline antenna gane of 10 dB?


Solution:

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116. Question: What is the length of a pair of conductor that is
considered as transmission line with an operating frequency of 250
MHz?


Solution:



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117. Question: A radio station operates at an 11 meter wavelength.
What is the designated band of stations frequency?

Solution:

118. Question: A 5 kW transmitter produces a field strength of 50
V/m while a 15 kW produces how much field strength?

Solution :

119. Question: What is the maximum aural transmitter radiated
power when the peak visual transmitter radiated power is 10 kW in
the American TV standard?

Solution:





120. Question: What is the frequency deviation constant for a clap
oscillator frequency-modulated for which the unmodulated
frequency is 50 MHz with a fixed bias of 15 V and n = 0.1?


Solution:

121. Question: Determine the velocity of a satellite 500 km above
the earth.


Solution:

122. Question: In CATV, what is the increment related channel (IRC)
for channel 124?


Solution:




123. Question: Determine the carrier swing in a FM system with
carrier frequency 100 MHz and frequency deviation of 12 kHz.

Solution:

124. Question: In transmission lines, get the inductance in H/ft. for
a coaxial line having 50 characteristic impedance. Assume a
dielectric constant of 2.3.
Solution:

()

125. Question: Determine the length of the path to a geostationary
satellite from an earth antenna where the angle of elevation is 30.
(Earth radius = 6400 km, height of the satellite from the earth is 36
10
3
km.)


Solution:

126. Question: Calculate the f
c
of the rectangular wave guide whose
width is 0.6 inch and height is 0.38 inch.


Solution:

127. Question: Determine the number of bits to represent 220
possibilities.

Solution :


128. Question: An amplifier with an overall gain of 10 dB is
impressed with a low signal. Calculate the output power in dBm.


Solution:

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129. Question: What is the power density at a distance of 500 m
from a 1 kW dipole antenna?

Solution:

130. Question: A computer monitor has a resolution of 12001000
pixels. If each pixel uses 1024 colors, how many bits are needed to
send the complete contents of a screen?

Solution:

131. Question: An isolator has a forward loss of 0.2 dB and a return
loss of 26 dB. A source provides 1 W to the isolator, and the load is
resistive with an SWR of 3. How much power returns to the source?

Solution:

)


132. Question: A TV antenna is located above a tower 800 ft. high. A
viewer has a TV receiver on the upper floor of her house 200 ft.
above the ground. Calculate the approximate minimum transmission
distance.

Solution:

133. Question: A diode noise generator has the following
information given: input noise voltage = 12 V; input impedance =
75 ; noise frequency = 300 kHz. Determine the current shot noise
of the diode.


Solution:

134. Question: How far from the transmitter could a signal be
received if the transmitting and receiving antennas were 40m and
20 m respectively above level terrain.


Solution:

135. Question: The sensitivity of a radio receiver is measure in terms
of dBm. If the receiver is receiving 200 mW, what is its
corresponding dBm value?


Solution:
[


]

136. Question: In acoustic find the resonant frequency of a
Helmholtz resonator if the cavity volume is 1.5 m
3
and a radius of 5
cm.

Solution:

137. Question: Given a DC input power of 1000 W, find the audio
power necessary to modulate an RF amplifier 90%.


Solution:

138. Question: Determine the Hamming distance of the codewords
(10101, 11001).

Solution:




139. Question: An antenna with noise temperature of 75 K is
connected to a receiver with noise temperature of 300 K. Given the
reference temp T
o
= 240 K, find the noise figure of the system.


Solution:

140. Question: A CATV cable has a loss of 20 dBmV. To compensate,
the voltage of the next amplifier should be at least:

Solution:
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141. Question: A collector modulated class C amplifier has a carrier
output power of 100 W, with an efficiency of 50%. Calculate the
transistor power dissipation, assuming that all the power dissipation
occurs at the transistor.


Solution:

142. Question: What is the phase velocity of a rectangular
waveguide with a wall separation 3 cm and a desired frequency of
operation 6 GHz?


Solution:

143. Question: The noise figure of a certain receiver is 40 dB if the
S/N input is 20 dB, then what is the output S/N?


Solution: (

144. Question: In CMTS, what is the radio capcity if the frequency
reuse factor is 7 and the total channel capacity is 300?

Solution:

145. Question: A power density of 1.5710
-4
W/m
2
is to be
measured 50 meters to a test antenna whose directive gain is 2.15
dB. How much power is fed to the test antenna?

Solution:

)
146. Question: In FM Broadcasting, what is the frequency range of a
standard FM receiver?
Solution:

147. Question: Determine the time taken for a signal to travel down
a 10 m transmission line, if the velocity factor is equal to 0.7.
Solution:

148. Question: What is the maximum bit rate of a system with 18
different bits at 10,000 times/second?
Solution:

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149. Question: For a mammography service, it examined 327
patients during the third calendar quarter of 1996. 719 films were
exposed during this period, eight of which were repeated. What is
the repeat rate?
Solution:

150. Question: Calculate the via net loss (VNL) for a telephone signal
that it takes 1.84 ms to reach its destination for a n acceptable
amount of echo.
Solution:


151. Question: Find the orbital period of a satellite in a circular orbit
36,000 km above the earth surface of the earth radius of 6,400 km.
Solution:

152. Question: Determine the phase shift represented by a 75 ns
delay of a 4 MHz signal to a 75 ft. cable with a dielectric constant of
2.3.
Solution:

153. Question: What is the total radio horizon distance between an
80 ft. transmitting station and a 20 ft. receiving station?
Solution:

154. Question: An FM system has a frequency deviation of 2.5 kHz
and a modulating frequency of 500 Hz. Determine the modulation
index?
Solution: