_,,, ,, _,,,

,>|I _>|I I .; ,>|I _>|I I .;

_,,, ,, _,,,

1
4cc55 N1wOkk
ll\u Acc55 ll\u Acc55 wlkl55 Acc55 wlkl55 Acc55
ACCLSS nL1WC8k ACCLSS nL1WC8k
Ol Acc55 Ol Acc55
cOllk
Acc55
cOllk
Acc55
Ac1lv lA55lv
MO8ll
Acc55
MO8ll
Acc55
ll\u
Acc55
ll\u
Acc55
Au5l
vu5l
5nu5l
N.8
Ac1lv lA55lv
5un
lun
AlON
lON
1nkN
1
ClON
C5M/cu
MA
JC
ln5
wlAN
wlMA\
2
4ccess network bott/eneck
Hard for end users to get high datarates because of the access
bottleneck.
local area networks:
use copper cable
get high datarates over short distances
core
access
LAN
3
liber 1o 1he curb
Hybrid Fiber Coax and VDSL
switch/transceiver/miniDSLAM located at curb or in basement
need only 2 optical transceivers
but not pure optical solution
lower BW from transceiver to end users
need complex converter in constrained environment
Hybrid Fiber Coax and VDSL
switch/transceiver/miniDSLAM located at curb or in basement
need only 2 optical transceivers
but not pure optical solution
lower BW from transceiver to end users
need complex converter in constrained environment
core
feeder fiber
copper
4
N end users
liber 1o 1he Premises
we can implement point-to-multipoint topology purely in optics
but we need a fiber (pair) to each end user
requires 2 N optical transceivers
complex and costly to maintain
we can implement point-to-multipoint topology purely in optics
but we need a fiber (pair) to each end user
requires 2 N optical transceivers
complex and costly to maintain
N end
users
core
access network
5
4n obvious so/ution
deploy intermediate switches
(active) switch located at curb or in basement
saves space at central office
need 2 N + 2 optical transceivers
deploy intermediate switches
(active) switch located at curb or in basement
saves space at central office
need 2 N + 2 optical transceivers
core
feeder fiber
fiber
access network
N end
users
6
vo/ution of the first mi/e
7
1he PON so/ution
Another alternative - implement point-to-multipoint topology purely in optics
avoid costly optic-electronic conversions
use passive splitters no power needed, unlimited MTBF
only N+1 optical transceivers (minimum possible) !
access network
1:2 passive splitter
1:4 passive splitter
N end
users
feeder fiber
core
typically N=32
max defined
128
8
Cn llber ln Lhe Access
9
Optico/ uistribution Network
Video overIay:
1550 nm
Downstream:
1490 nm
Upstream:
1310 nm
PON OLT
.
WDM
Coupler
SFU ONT
Data
Voic
e
VoD
Optical splitter
(single stage
or cascade)
POTS
Ethernet
Coax
10
Video overIay:
1550 nm
EDFA
Data
Voic
e
VoD
Broadcast
Video
CentraI Office / VSO
Customer Premises
HGR
Data
ATM or GbE
Service
Edge
Router
Service
Edge
Router
Internet Data
OLT
ONT
xPON
Voice
Voice
DS1
GR303/TR08
CIass 5
Switch
CIass 5
Switch
Distribution
Amplifier
Pre-Amplifier
DigitaI
TV
STB
AnaIog
TV
Cn Servlces: uaLa + Legacy volce + vldeo
EMS
OSS
Management
Network
Internet
BHR
Data
ONT-M
Voice Pre-Amplifier
RF OverIay Video
SHE / VHO
Optical Transmitter
with Line Amplifier
Headend
STB
11
1ermino/oqy
like every other field, PON technology has its own terminology
the CO head-end is called an OLT
ONUs are the CPE devices (sometimes called ONTs in TU)
the entire fiber tree (incl. feeder, splitters, distribution fibers) is an ODN
all trees emanating from the same OLT form an OAN
downstream is from OLT to ONU (upstream is the opposite direction)
like every other field, PON technology has its own terminology
the CO head-end is called an OLT
ONUs are the CPE devices (sometimes called ONTs in TU)
the entire fiber tree (incl. feeder, splitters, distribution fibers) is an ODN
all trees emanating from the same OLT form an OAN
downstream is from OLT to ONU (upstream is the opposite direction)
downstream
Optical Network Units
upstream
Optical Distribution Network
NN
Terminal Equipment
UN
core
splitter
Optical Line Terminal
Optical Access Network
12
PON types
Many types of PONs have been defined:
APON ATM PON
BPON Broadband PON
GPON Gigabit PON
EPON Ethernet PON
GEPON Gigabit Ethernet PON
CPON CDMA PON
WPON WDM PON
We will focus on GPON
Many types of PONs have been defined:
APON ATM PON
BPON Broadband PON
GPON Gigabit PON
EPON Ethernet PON
GEPON Gigabit Ethernet PON
CPON CDMA PON
WPON WDM PON
We will focus on GPON
13
8ondwith cho/enqe occess techno/oqy
14
GPON supports :
Triple-play service
High-bondwidfh up fo I.Zb0bps/Z.b0bps
Long-reoch up fo Z0km
HDTV: 16-20M/program;
Data: 10M;
Video Conference: 4.5M
GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.
uriven lorce of customer
kequirement
TypicaI Bandwidth requirement in Future
Web surfing 5.0 Mbit/s
2 Phone conversation 0.1 Mbit/s
Gaming 1.0 Mbit/s
nternet appliances 2.0 Mbit/s
2 MPEG2 DTV 10.0 Mbit/s
2 Video conferencing 2.0 Mbit/s
HDTV 19.2 Mbit/s
TOTAL 39.3 Mbit/s
TypicaI Bandwidth requirement in Future
Web surfing 5.0 Mbit/s
2 Phone conversation 0.1 Mbit/s
Gaming 1.0 Mbit/s
nternet appliances 2.0 Mbit/s
2 MPEG2 DTV 10.0 Mbit/s
2 Video conferencing 2.0 Mbit/s
HDTV 19.2 Mbit/s
TOTAL 39.3 Mbit/s
15
4ccess bondwidth
16
17
keferences
l1u-1 984.1
l1u-1 984.2
l1u-1 984.3
l1u-1 984.4
l1u-1 984.1
l1u-1 984.2
l1u-1 984.3
l1u-1 984.4
18
Architecture of OpticaI Access Network
.
CO
Curb
Customer
Premise
BA DSLAM
3.5-5km
Remote Business
xDSL 2~20Mbps
ODN
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC
FTTB
OLT
OLT
OLT
FTTH
MDU
ONT
ONU
OpticaI Line Termination OpticaI Networks Termination
OpticaI Networks Unit
MuIti-DweIIing Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
19
CN Network 1opo|ogy
.
ODN
ONU/
ONT
WDM WDM
OLT
Service
Node
Function
UN
SN
Access Network System Management Functions
Located in CentraI Office
OLT
ONU
Optical Splitter
CATV
WDM WDM
CATV
UN
SN
F
PON
ODN
SNI: Service Node nterface
UNI: User Node nterface
IF
PON
: nterface for PON
OLT: Optical Line Termination
ONU: Optical Network Unit
ODN: Optical Distribution Network
ODN which is passive network infrastructure
in FTTH needs being completed designed
Located in buildings
or home pass
20
21
I|ex|b|e I11x Dep|oymentI11n]I118]I11C
.
LAN
OLT FTTB-PON ODN
MDU
P/MPLS
Core Network
GE/
FE/
STM-1/
E1/
PON 2M~8M
~100M

ADSL2+/
VDSL2/
SHDSL/
POTS
FE/
E1/
POTS/
CATV
MSAN
/MDU
Softswitch
nternet
Game BTV/VoD
~20km
ONU
/ONT
10GE/
GE/
STM-1/
E1
~1000M
1~2km ~100m
GE/
FE/
E1/
POTS/
CATV
22
23
N1wOkk 4k1lcnc1Ok
24
whot is 6PON?
Pussive OpticuI
SpIitter
OpticuI Network
Unit
Pussive OpticuI Network
OpticuI Line
TerminuI
OpticuI
Network Terminution
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
PSTN PSTN
Internet Internet
GPON: Gigabit-capabIe Passive OpticaI Network
PON is short for Passive OpticaI Network ;
GPON architecture: Passive opticaI network featuring one-to-muItipIe-point;
OpticaI Line TerminaI (OLT)
OpticaI Network Unit (ONU)
OpticaI Distribution Network (ODN).
OpticuI Line
TerminuI
.
.
.
.
.
.
IPTV IPTV
25
6PON Princip/e----uoto Mu/tip/exinq
GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-
direction communication over a single fiber.
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber,
GPON adopts two multiplexing mechanisms:
n downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
n upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
1490nm
GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-
direction communication over a single fiber.
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber,
GPON adopts two multiplexing mechanisms:
n downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
n upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
1310nm
26
Optico/ sp/itters
typically divide an optical signal .
from a single input in to multiple (e.g.two) out put signals
and generally provide
a small optical loss
to the signal passed Lhrough lL
27
typically divide an optical signal .
from a single input in to multiple (e.g.two) out put signals
and generally provide
a small optical loss
to the signal passed Lhrough lL
OpticaI
SpIitter
6PON Princip/euownstreom
ONU-specific
packet
ONU-specific
packet
Splitter
28
n the downstream, the traffic are carried by GEM frame, and broadcast to all the ONUs.
The ONU filters the data based on their GEM Port-D. Only frames with the appropriate
Port-Ds are received by specified onu.
Broadcast mode
6PON Princip/eupstreom
ONU-specific
packet
Splitter
29
29
n the upstream , the traffic is transmmited in TDMA , OLT allocates timeslot to every
ONU by upstream bandwidth map section of upstream frame .
TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access) mode is used
for multiple access
8osic Performonce Porometers
Upstream
Rate(Gbps)
Downstream
Rate(Gbps)
0.15552 1.24416
0.62208 1.24416
1.24416 1.24416
1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832
Gbit/s down is the mainstream
speed combination supported
at current time.
1.24416 1.24416
0.15552 2.48832
0.62208 2.48832
1.24416 2.48832
2.48832 2.48832
1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832
Gbit/s down is the mainstream
speed combination supported
at current time.
30
8osic Performonce Porometers
Moxlmom loqlcol teocb
60 km
Moxlmom pbyslcol teocb
20 km
Moxlmom Jlffeteotlol flbte
Jlstooce
20 km
5pllt totlo
164 /op to1128
31
Log|ca| reached: maxlmum dlsLance beLween Cnu/Cn1 and CL1.
hys|ca| reached : maxlmum physlcal dlsLance beLween Cnu/Cn1 and CL1.
Max|mum d|fferent|a| f|ber d|stance : maxlmum dlsLance beLween nearesL
and farLhesL Cnu/Cn1 from CL1
GPON Network Model Reference
WDM
ONU/ONT
NE
WDM
OLT
NE
Service node
T reference point
V reference point
R/S S/R ODN UN SN
Fpon Fpon
ONU OpticaI Network Unit
ONT OpticaI Network TerminaI
ODN OpticaI Distribution Network
OLT OpticaI Line TerminaI
WDM WaveIength Division MuItipIex ModuIe
NE Network EIement
SNI Service Node Interface
UNI User Network Interface
32
6PON Physico/ network orchitecture
33
GPON Multiplexing Architecture
Fpon
O
N
U
O
N
U
T-CONT
Port
Port
T-CONT
T-CONT
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying
services.
T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of
buffer that carries services. t is mainly used to
transmit upstream data units. T-CONT is
introduced to realize the dynamic bandwidth
assignment of the upstream bandwidth, so as
to enhance the utilization of the line.
F pon: GPON interface.
Based on the mapping scheme, service traffic
is carried to different GEM ports and then to
different T-CONTs. The mapping between the
GEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEM
port can correspond to a T-CONT; or multiple
GEM Ports can correspond to the same T-
CONT.
A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or
multiple T-CONTs.
O
N
U
O
N
U
T-CONT
Port
Port
ONU-ID
identifies
ONUs
AIIoc-IDs
identifies T-
CONTs
Port-ID
identifies
GEM ports
GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying
services.
T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of
buffer that carries services. t is mainly used to
transmit upstream data units. T-CONT is
introduced to realize the dynamic bandwidth
assignment of the upstream bandwidth, so as
to enhance the utilization of the line.
F pon: GPON interface.
Based on the mapping scheme, service traffic
is carried to different GEM ports and then to
different T-CONTs. The mapping between the
GEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEM
port can correspond to a T-CONT; or multiple
GEM Ports can correspond to the same T-
CONT.
A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or
multiple T-CONTs.
34
6PON Mu/tip/exinq 5tructure
35
ATM TDM DATA POTS VIDEO
TCP/UDP
IP
Higher Layer
PHY Layer
ATM
adaptor
GEM
adaptor
GTC framing
sub-layer
GTC
layer
Based on BPON G.983 series
Specified as G.984 series standards
covering all aspects such as physical,
management, and control
n addition to ATM,GEM, allows
native TDM and Ethernet transport
36
IP
Ethernet Frame
PON-PHY
GEM Frame ATM
Based on BPON G.983 series
Specified as G.984 series standards
covering all aspects such as physical,
management, and control
n addition to ATM,GEM, allows
native TDM and Ethernet transport
6PON Mu/tip/exinq 4rchitecture
OLT ONT
T-CONT
GEM Port
GEM Port
T-CONT
37
uownstreom frome
38
GPON Downstream Frame Structure
PCBd
n
PayIoad
n
PCBd
n + 1
PayIoad
n
Psync
4 bytes
Ident
4 bytes
PLOAMd
13 bytes
BIP
1 bytes
PIend
4 bytes
PIend
4 bytes
US BW Map
N*8 bytes
FEC Ind
1 bit
Reserved
1 bit
Super-frame
Counter 30 bits
BIen BW Map
Length 12 bits
AIen ATM Partition
Length 12 bits
CRC
8 bits
125us
Coverage of this BIP Coverage of next BIP
Downstream Framing
FEC Ind
1 bit
Reserved
1 bit
Super-frame
Counter 30 bits
BIen BW Map
Length 12 bits
AIen ATM Partition
Length 12 bits
CRC
8 bits
Access 1
8 bytes
Access 2
8 bytes
...
Access n
8 bytes
AIIoc ID
12 bits
FIags
12 bits
SStart
2 bytes
SStop
2 bytes
CRC
1 byte
Send PLS
1 bit
Send PLOAMn
1 bit
Use FEC
1 bit
Send DBRu
2 bits
Reserved
7 bits
39
Physical control block downstream(PCBd)
1he C8d conLaln several fleld.
1he CL1 send C8d ln a broadcasL
manner,every CNU recelves Lhe enLlre C8d .
1he CNU Lhen acL upon Lhe relevenL
lnformaLlon conLalned Lhereln.
1he C8d conLaln several fleld.
1he CL1 send C8d ln a broadcasL
manner,every CNU recelves Lhe enLlre C8d .
1he CNU Lhen acL upon Lhe relevenL
lnformaLlon conLalned Lhereln.
40
1-hyslcal synchronlzaLlon(sync) fleld
1bls flelJ ls o flxeJ l2-bit potteto tbot beqlos evety lc8u.tbe ONu loqlc
coo ose tbls potteto to floJ tbe beqlooloq of tbe ftome.tbe coJloq of tbe
psyoc ls 0\86A8J10.
2- ldenL fleld
1be 4-byte lJeot flelJ ls to loJlcote lotqet ftome sttoctote.
3- LCAMd fleld
1be llOAMJ Jowostteom flelJ ls o 1l-byte tbot cootolo tbe llOAMJ
messoqe.
OAM teloteJ olotms ot tbtesbolJ-ctossloq oletts ttlqqeJ by eveots ote
ttoospotteJ vlo messoqe lo o 1J-byte llOAMJ flelJ.olso oll octlvotloo
teloteJ messoqe ote moppeJ lo tbe messoqe flelJ of tbe llOAMJ.
ILC Ind ( 1-b|t) keserved (1 - b|t) Super frame counter ( 30-b|t)
1-hyslcal synchronlzaLlon(sync) fleld
1bls flelJ ls o flxeJ l2-bit potteto tbot beqlos evety lc8u.tbe ONu loqlc
coo ose tbls potteto to floJ tbe beqlooloq of tbe ftome.tbe coJloq of tbe
psyoc ls 0\86A8J10.
2- ldenL fleld
1be 4-byte lJeot flelJ ls to loJlcote lotqet ftome sttoctote.
3- LCAMd fleld
1be llOAMJ Jowostteom flelJ ls o 1l-byte tbot cootolo tbe llOAMJ
messoqe.
OAM teloteJ olotms ot tbtesbolJ-ctossloq oletts ttlqqeJ by eveots ote
ttoospotteJ vlo messoqe lo o 1J-byte llOAMJ flelJ.olso oll octlvotloo
teloteJ messoqe ote moppeJ lo tbe messoqe flelJ of tbe llOAMJ.
41
ILC Ind ( 1-b|t) keserved (1 - b|t) Super frame counter ( 30-b|t)
PLO4Md messoqe structure
CNU ID 1 byte
Message ID 1 byte
DA1A 10 byte
CkC 1 byte
13 byte 13 byte
CkC 1 byte
42
ONU ID : it addresses a particular ONU.( During the ranging protocol).
Message-ID : indicate the type of the message.
Message data: these octets are use for the payload of the GTC
message.
CRC: frame check sequence.the message will be discarded at the
reception when the crc is incorrect.
4- 8l fleld
1be 8ll flelJ ls oo 8-bit flelJ tbot cootolos tbe blt-lotetleoveJ
potlty of oll bytes ttoosmltteJ sloce tbe lost 8ll.tbe tecelvet
sboll compote tbe 8ll olso , ooJ compote lts tesolt to tbe 8ll
ttoosmltteJ lo otJet to mesote tbe oombet of ettots oo tbe
llok.
3- lend fleld
1be poylooJ leoqtb Jowostteom 4-byte flelJ speclfles tbe
leoqtb of tbe booJwltb mop ooJ tbe A1M pottltloo.tbls flelJ ls
seot twlce fot ettot tobostoess.
4- 8l fleld
1be 8ll flelJ ls oo 8-bit flelJ tbot cootolos tbe blt-lotetleoveJ
potlty of oll bytes ttoosmltteJ sloce tbe lost 8ll.tbe tecelvet
sboll compote tbe 8ll olso , ooJ compote lts tesolt to tbe 8ll
ttoosmltteJ lo otJet to mesote tbe oombet of ettots oo tbe
llok.
3- lend fleld
1be poylooJ leoqtb Jowostteom 4-byte flelJ speclfles tbe
leoqtb of tbe booJwltb mop ooJ tbe A1M pottltloo.tbls flelJ ls
seot twlce fot ettot tobostoess.
43
8|en 8wmap
|ength(12-b|t)
A|en A1M part|t|on
|ength(12 -b|t)
CkC (8-b|t)
6- 8wmap flelds.
1be booJwlJtb mop (8wmop) ls o scolot ottoy of 8 byte
ollocotloo sttoctotes.eocb eotty lo tbls ottoy tepteseots o
sloqle booJwlJtb ollocotloo to o pottlcolot 1-cON1.tbe
oombet of eottles lo tbe mop ls qlveo lo tbe pleoJ flelJ.
US 8W map
N* 8 bytes
Number of
access is
variable
44
US 8W map
N* 8 bytes
ACCLS 1
8 bytes
ACCLSS 2
8 bytes
...... ACCLSS N
8 bytes
A||oc-ID
12 b|ts
I|ags
12 b|ts
Sstart
2 bytes
Sstop
2 bytes
CkC
1 byte
Number of
access is
variable
AllocaLlon lu fleld
1be ollocotloo lu flelJ cootolo 12-bit oombet tbot loJlcotes
tbe pottlcolot 1-cON1 tbot ls beqlo qtooteJ tlme oo tbe
opstteom of tbe poo.
1be lowest 254 ollocotloo lu voloes ote oseJ to oJJtess tbe
ONu Jltectly.
uotloq tbe tooqloq ptoceJote ,tbe fltst Alloc-lu qlveo to tbe
ooo sboolJ be lo tbls tooqe.
lf fottbet Alloc-lu voloes ote oeeJeJ fot tbot ONu ,tbey sboolJ
be tokeo ftom tbose obove 255.
1be Alloc-lu =254 ls tbe ONu octlvotloo lu -oseJ to Jlscovet
ookoowo ONus,ooJ tbe Alloc-lu =255 ls tbe ooosslqoeJ Alloc-
lu.tbls ls oseJ to loJlcote tbot oo 1-cON1 coo ose tbe
ossocloteJ ollocotloo sttoctote.
AllocaLlon lu fleld
1be ollocotloo lu flelJ cootolo 12-bit oombet tbot loJlcotes
tbe pottlcolot 1-cON1 tbot ls beqlo qtooteJ tlme oo tbe
opstteom of tbe poo.
1be lowest 254 ollocotloo lu voloes ote oseJ to oJJtess tbe
ONu Jltectly.
uotloq tbe tooqloq ptoceJote ,tbe fltst Alloc-lu qlveo to tbe
ooo sboolJ be lo tbls tooqe.
lf fottbet Alloc-lu voloes ote oeeJeJ fot tbot ONu ,tbey sboolJ
be tokeo ftom tbose obove 255.
1be Alloc-lu =254 ls tbe ONu octlvotloo lu -oseJ to Jlscovet
ookoowo ONus,ooJ tbe Alloc-lu =255 ls tbe ooosslqoeJ Alloc-
lu.tbls ls oseJ to loJlcote tbot oo 1-cON1 coo ose tbe
ossocloteJ ollocotloo sttoctote.
45
llags fleld
1be floq flelJ ls o 12-bit flelJ tbot cootolo 4 sepotote
loJlcotloos oo bow tbe ollocotloo sboll be oseJ.
8|t 1ask
0 8eserved
1 8eserved
2 8eserved
3 8eserved
46
3 8eserved
4 8eserved
S 8eserved
6 8eserved
7 Send u88u
8 Send u88u
9 use lLC
10 Send LCAMu
11 MS8: send LSu(power levellng sequence)
00: do not send DBRu at all
01: send mode 0 DBRu ( two byte)
10: send mode 1 DBRu ( three byte)
11: send mode 2 DBRu (five byte)
SLarL 1lme fleld
1be stott1lme flelJ cootolos tbe 1-bit oombet tbot stottloq tlme of tbe
ollocotloo.tbls tlme ls meosoteJ lo 8ytes, stottloq wltb zeto ot tbe
beqlooloq of tbe opstteom ftome.
tbls llmlts tbe slze of tbe opstteom ftome to 55l bytes.
1bls ls sofflcleot to oJJtess op to 2.488 Cblts/s opstteom tote.
1be stott tlme polots to tbe beqlooloq of tbe vollJ Joto ttoosmlssloo ooJ
Joes oot loclooJ tbe pbyslcol loyet ovetbeoJ tlme.
SLop 1lme fleld
1be stop1lme flelJ cootolos tbe 1-bit oombet tbot loJlcotes tbe stopploq
tlme of tbe ollocotloo.tbls tlme ls meosoteJ lo 8ytes,stottloq wltb zeto ot
tbe beqlooloq of tbe opstteom ftome.
1be stop tlme polots to tbe lost vollJ Joto byte ossocloteJ wltb tbls
ollocotloo.
C8C fleld
1 byte ose fot ckc 8
SLarL 1lme fleld
1be stott1lme flelJ cootolos tbe 1-bit oombet tbot stottloq tlme of tbe
ollocotloo.tbls tlme ls meosoteJ lo 8ytes, stottloq wltb zeto ot tbe
beqlooloq of tbe opstteom ftome.
tbls llmlts tbe slze of tbe opstteom ftome to 55l bytes.
1bls ls sofflcleot to oJJtess op to 2.488 Cblts/s opstteom tote.
1be stott tlme polots to tbe beqlooloq of tbe vollJ Joto ttoosmlssloo ooJ
Joes oot loclooJ tbe pbyslcol loyet ovetbeoJ tlme.
SLop 1lme fleld
1be stop1lme flelJ cootolos tbe 1-bit oombet tbot loJlcotes tbe stopploq
tlme of tbe ollocotloo.tbls tlme ls meosoteJ lo 8ytes,stottloq wltb zeto ot
tbe beqlooloq of tbe opstteom ftome.
1be stop tlme polots to tbe lost vollJ Joto byte ossocloteJ wltb tbls
ollocotloo.
C8C fleld
1 byte ose fot ckc 8
47
GPON Upstream Frame Structure
Upstream Framing
DBA Report Pad if needed
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
GEM
header
FuII
frame
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
PLI Port ID PTI HEC
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x PayIoad x DBRu y PayIoad y PLOu DBRu z PayIoad z
PreambIe
A bytes
DeIimiter
B bytes
BIP
1 bytes
ONU-ID
1 bytes
Ind
1 bytes
ONU ID
Msg ID
1 bytes
Message
10 bytes
CRC
1 bytes
DBA
1,2,4bytes
CRC
1byte
ONT A ONT B
48
upstreom 1imes/ot Portitioninq
125 us
49
U/S:upstream D/S: downstream
61c medio occess contro/ concept
50
Mapping of TDM Service in GPON
TDM
TDM data
Payload
TDM fragment
HEC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame
ngress buffer
TDM Buffer
Payload
TDM fragment
TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission.
This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.
Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services .
51
Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON
GEM
Payload
CRC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame Ethernet Packet
DA
SFD
PreambIe
Inter packet gap
SA
Length\Type
5 bytes
GEM
Payload Length\Type
MAC cIient data
FEC
EOF
GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames into the GEM
Payload.
GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. t also boasts good
compatibility.
52
6PON key 1echno/oqies
Ranging
DBA
T-CONT
AES
Attenuation
Ranging
DBA
T-CONT
AES
Attenuation
53
konqinq
OLT obtains the Round Trip Delay
(RTD) through ranging process, then
specifies suitable Equalization Delay
(EqD) so as to avoid occurrence of
collision on optical splitters.
To acquire the serial number and
ranging, OLT needs open a window,
that is, Quiet Zone, and pauses
upstream transmitting channels on
other ONUs.
ONU3
ONU2
ONU1
OLT
54
OLT obtains the Round Trip Delay
(RTD) through ranging process, then
specifies suitable Equalization Delay
(EqD) so as to avoid occurrence of
collision on optical splitters.
To acquire the serial number and
ranging, OLT needs open a window,
that is, Quiet Zone, and pauses
upstream transmitting channels on
other ONUs.
u84
What is DBA?
DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
Why DBA?
t enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
More users can be added on a PON port.
Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those
requiring comparatively greater change in terms of the
bandwidth.
DBA operation modes
SR-DBA: status report-DBA
NSR-DBA: non status report-DBA
What is DBA?
DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
Why DBA?
t enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
More users can be added on a PON port.
Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those
requiring comparatively greater change in terms of the
bandwidth.
DBA operation modes
SR-DBA: status report-DBA
NSR-DBA: non status report-DBA
55
SR-DBA Operation
.
DBA aIgorithm
Iogic
DBA report
BW Map
ONU OLT
Control
platform
Data
platform
DBA block in the OLT constantly collects information from DBA reports, and sends the algorithm
result in the form of BW Map to ONUs .
Based on the BW Map, each ONU sends upstream burst data on time slots specified to
themselves and utilizes the upstream bandwidth.
Time sIot
T-CONT
T-CONT
T-CONT
ScheduIer
Data
platform
56
5k-u84 workinq Princip/e
DBA algorithm
logic

Downstream Framing
Data Report
Upstream Framing
OMT 0
OLT
T-CONT of
ONT0
T-CONT of
ONT1
57
Payload
US BW
Map
PCBd
OMT o3
T-CONT 2
(ONT 2)
T-CONT of
ONT1
T-CONT of
ONT2
T-CONT0
(ONT 1)
Upstream Framing
T-CONT1
(ONT 1)
Time Slot
400-500
Time Slot
100-400
NSR (Non Status Reporting)-DBA
Monitor the algorithm of the data flow that come from the NSR-ONU/ONT
Procedure:
Step 1: detect the number of cells received by the OLT in certain intervals
Step 2: calculate the utilization rate according to the real time monitoring
result in Step 1
Step 3: recognize the congestion by comparing the utilization rate and the
limits
N5k{Non 5totus keportinq)-u84
58
D
t
i j
Di
Dj
NSR (Non Status Reporting)-DBA
Monitor the algorithm of the data flow that come from the NSR-ONU/ONT
Procedure:
Step 1: detect the number of cells received by the OLT in certain intervals
Step 2: calculate the utilization rate according to the real time monitoring
result in Step 1
Step 3: recognize the congestion by comparing the utilization rate and the
limits
59
u84 workinq Princip/e
Based on service priorities, the system sets SLA for each ONU,
restricting service bandwidth.
The maximum bandwidth and the minimum bandwidth pose limits to
the bandwidth of each ONU, ensuring various bandwidth for
services of different priorities. n general, voice service enjoys the
highest, then video service and data service the lowest in terms of
service priority.
OLT grants bandwidth based on services, SLA and the actual
condition of the ONU. Services of higher priority enjoy higher
bandwidth.
Based on service priorities, the system sets SLA for each ONU,
restricting service bandwidth.
The maximum bandwidth and the minimum bandwidth pose limits to
the bandwidth of each ONU, ensuring various bandwidth for
services of different priorities. n general, voice service enjoys the
highest, then video service and data service the lowest in terms of
service priority.
OLT grants bandwidth based on services, SLA and the actual
condition of the ONU. Services of higher priority enjoy higher
bandwidth.
60
1-cON1 8ondwidth 1erms
Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receives grants delivered by OLT. T-CONTs are used
for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation in the PON section of the Transmission
Convergence layer. T-CONTs are primarily used to improve the upstream bandwidth use on the PON.
T-CONT BW type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.
Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.
Reserved for OAM and
queue-length reporting
61
Fixed bandwidth
Assured bandwidth
Non-assured bandwidth
Best-effort bandwidth
Reserved for OAM and
queue-length reporting
Additional
bandwidth
Guaranteed
bandwidth
T-CONT
type1
T-CONT
type2
T-CONT
type3
T-CONT
type4
T
-
C
O
N
T
t
y
p
e

5
Maximum
bandwidth
Share
bandwidth
T
o
t
a
l

l
i
n
k

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
1-cON1 1ype ond 8ondwidth 1ype
Type1 T-CONT is of the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services
sensitive to delay and services of higher priorities, such as voice services.
Type2 and type3 T-CONT is of the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly
used for video services and data services of higher priorities.
Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as
nternet and email), and services of lower priorities. These services do not
require high bandwidth.
Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and
bearing all services.
Type1 T-CONT is of the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services
sensitive to delay and services of higher priorities, such as voice services.
Type2 and type3 T-CONT is of the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly
used for video services and data services of higher priorities.
Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as
nternet and email), and services of lower priorities. These services do not
require high bandwidth.
Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and
bearing all services.
62
o5 Mechonism of ONu in 6PON
DATA
GPON
VOP
VOD
TDM
Traffic-flow
Scheduling
And buffer
control
Service
differentia
based on
802.1p
OLT
Splitter
Service traffic based on
GEM Port-id
GPON
VOP
VOD
TDM
Traffic-flow
Scheduling
And buffer
control
Service
differentia
based on
802.1p
Splitter
Traffic classification of services based on LAN/802.1p.
Service scheduling based on the combination of strict priority (SP) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR)
algorithms.
Service transmission based on service mapping with different T-CONTs, enhancing line utilization and
reliability.
63
O5 Mechonism of OL1 in 6PON
VOP
BTV
DATA
TDM
GPON
GPON
GE/10GE
Ethernet
bridging
Non-
blocking
switching
802.1p
COS
Queuing &
scheduling
DBA
BSR
OLT
Upstream service
traffic based on
different VLANs
TDM Gateway
PSTN
Traffic classification based on VLAN/802.1p.
Service scheduling based on combination of strict priority (SP) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR)
algorithms.
DBA algorithm, enhancing uplink bandwidth utilization.
Access control list (ACL)-based access control on layers above layer-2.
64
45 ncryption in 6PON
End User End User
11
End User End User
11
End User End User
33
End User End User
33
ONT
End User End User
22
End User End User
22
11 11
22
ONT
11 33 33 22 11 11
OLT
Encryption
Decryption
Decryption
11
11 33 33 22 11 11
End User End User
33
End User End User
33
33 33
ONT
Decryption
OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.
GPON supports encrypted transmission in downstream direction, such as AES128 encryption.
n the case of GEM fragments, only the payload will be encrypted.
GPON system initiates AES key exchange and switch-over periodically, improving the reliability
of the line.
AES: Advanced Encrypt Standard
A globally-used encryption
algorithm
65
liber 4ttenuotion ond Power 8udqet
.
Fiber attenuation relates to the fibre length
The attenuation of fibre splicing point is generally less than 0.2dB
Other factors may cause attenuation, such as fibre bending
About 0.35 dB per km
for 1310,1490nm
TabIe G.984.2 - CIasses for opticaI path Ioss
CIass A CIass B CIass B CIass C CIass A CIass B CIass B CIass C
Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
NOTE The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one system type
than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is inherently more stringent for TCM
systems due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of the ODN, each having a
loss of about 3 dB.
66
Parameters of GPON (Class B+)
Items Unit Single fibre
OLT OLT
Mean Iaunched power MIN dBm +1.5
Mean Iaunched power MAX dBm 5
Minimum sensitivity dBm -28
Minimum overIoad dBm -8 Minimum overIoad dBm -8
ONU ONU
Mean Iaunched power MIN dBm 0.5
Mean Iaunched power MAX dBm 5
Minimum sensitivity dBm -27
Minimum overIoad dBm -8
67
5PLl11k
68
A Fuse BiconicaI Taper(FBT) splitter is made by wrapping two fiber
cores together,putting tension on the optical fibers,and then heating the
junction until the two fibers are tapered from the tension and fused
together.
FBT attenuation tends to be a bit higher than attenuation from PLC
splitter.
5PLl11k
69
A PIanar Lightwave circuit (PLC) splitter is made with techniques much like
those to manufacture semiconductors,and these optical splitter are very
compact ,efficient and reliable.
A good 1:32 PLC splitter has an attenuation in both directions of less than 17
dB or even 16 dB.
SPLITTER
1*2 ..3.6 d8
1*4...7.3 d8
1*8...11 d8
1*16..14.3 d8
1*32...18 d8
1*64..21.3 d8
70
1*2 ..3.6 d8
1*4...7.3 d8
1*8...11 d8
1*16..14.3 d8
1*32...18 d8
1*64..21.3 d8
Triple Play Solution in GPON
.
Ethernet
Intern
et
VoD Server
MiddIe
ware
NMS
TL1/CORBA
/API
BB service platform
Carrier's OSS
Notification
IPTV
Phone
PC
SFU
C
P
E
M
D
U
BRAS
AAA Server
IP Core
ASP/ISP CPE
FirewaII
Ethernet
OLT
Softswitch
Intern
et
Phone
PC
SBU
M
D
U
NSP
IP
Voice
CBU
E1
FE
ODN
Splitter
Base station
71
72
Protection-------- type 4
73
Protection-------1ype 8
74
Protection--------1ype c
75
Protection--------1ype u
76
P455lv cOMPONN1
77
78

79