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YUV COLOR MODEL

CS161 COMPUTER GRAPHICS


Palomo, Mikyle Laurence O.
YUV?
A color space in terms of one luminance and two
chrominance components.
Used in the analog variant of the PAL system of
television broadcasting.
Bit of History
Previous black-and-white systems used only
luminance information, Y.
Color information (U and V) was added separately
via a sub-carrier so that a black-and-white receiver
would still be able to receive and display a color
picture transmission in the receiver's native black-
and-white format.

Bit of History
Initially, YUV was the re-coding of RGB for
transmission efficiency (minimizing bandwidth) and
for downward compatibility with black-and white
television.
Why use YUV? Why not RGB?
R stands for red, G for green, and B for blue.
Y stands for the luminance component (the
brightness)
U(Cb) and V(Cr) are the chrominance (color)
components.
Comparison: YUV and RGB




R G B




Y U V
Comparison: YUV and RGB




R G B




Y U V
How YUV operates
The Luminance Component, Y:
Ranges: 0 to 255, 0 being the lightest and 255 darkest (8-Bit)
The Chrominance Components, U and V:
Range: -128 to +128 (8-Bit)
U(Blue Channel): Negative values produce yellowish colors,
bluish otherwise.
V(Red Channel) Negative values produce cyan colors,
reddish otherwise.
NOTE: Green is a mix of negative values in both channels.




How YUV operates
Created from an original RGB source.
The Y signal is derived from weighted values of R,
G, and B added together.
U signal is created by subtracting the Y from the
blue signal of the original RGB, and then scaled.
V signal is obtained by subtracting the Y from the
red signal, and is also scaled.
RGB to YUV Conversion




Similarly,
Y= 0.299*R + 0.587*G + 0.114*B
U= -0.147*R - 0.289*G + 0.436*B= 0.492*(B- Y)
V= 0.615*R- 0.515*G - 0.100*B = 0.877*(R- Y)



YUV to RGB Conversion



Similarly,
R = Y + 1.140*V
G = Y - 0.394*U - 0.581*V
B = Y + 2.032*U
Advantage
Downward Capability
For Televisions
Transmission Efficiency
Minimized Bandwidth
Luminance Decoupling
Changes in the luminance component does not affect the
color component.
Color Information
Data Compression
Broadcasted data is greatly reduced. However, color may
be restricted.

Sources
http://www.zerocut.com/tech/vid_img.htm
http://www.fourcc.org/fccyvrgb.php
http://docs.gimp.org/en/glossary.html
http://software.intel.com/sites/products/documentation
/hpc/ipp/ippi/ippi_ch6/ch6_color_models.html
http://thinknaturally.blogspot.com/2009/06/back-to-
basics-yuv-to-rgb-conversion.html
http://softpixel.com/~cwright/programming/colorspac
e/yuv/
http://www.encyclopediapro.com/mw/YUV

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