Simple Harmonic Motion

Chapter # 12 Simple Harmonic Motion
Page # 1
manishkumarphysics.in
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. The resultant force acting on a particle executing simple harmonic motion is 4 N when it is 5 cm away from
the centre of oscillation. Find the spring constant.
Sol. The simple harmonic motion is defined as
F = k x.
The spring constant is k =
x
F
=
cm 5
N 4
=
m 10 5
N 4
2
= 80 N/m.
2. Aparticle of mass 0.50 kg executes a simple harmonic motion under a force F = (50 N/m)x. If it crosses the
centre of oscillation with a speed of 10 m/s, find the amplitude of the motion.
Sol. The kinetic energy of the particle when it is at the centre of oscillation is
E =
2
1
mv
2
=
2
1
(0.50 kg) (10 m/s)
2
= 25 J.
The potential energy is zero here. At the maximum displacement x = A, the speed is zero and hence the
kinetic energy is zero. The potential energy here is
2
1
kA
2
. As there is no loss of energy,,
2
1
kA
2
= 25 J .............(i)
The force on the particle is given by
F = (50 N/m)x.
Thus, the spring constant is k = 50 N/m.
Equation (i) gives
2
1
(50 N/m) AA
2
= 25 J
or, A = 1 m.
3. A particle of mass 200 g executes a simple harmonic motion. The restoring force is provided by a spring of
spring cosntant 80 N/m. Find the time period.
Sol. The time period is
T = 2t
k
m
= 2t
m / N 80
kg 10 200
3
= 2t 0.05 s = 0.31 s.
4. A particle executes simple harmonic motion of amplitude A along the X-axis. At t = 0, the position of the
particle is x = A/2 and it moves along the positive x - direction. Find the phase constant o if the equation is
written as x = A sin (et + o).
Sol. We have x = A sin (et = o). At t = 0, x = A/2.
Thus, A/2 = A sino
or, sino = 1/2
or, o = t/6 or 5t/6.
The velocity is v =
dt
dx
= A e cos(et + o).
Page # 2
At t = 0, v = A e coso.
Now cos
6
t
=
2
3
and cos
6
5t
=
2
3
As v is positive at t = 0, o must be equal to t/6.
5. Aparticle of mass 40 g execute a simple harmonic motion of amplitude 2.0 m. If the time period is 0.20 s, find
the total mechanical energy of the system.
Sol. The total mechanical energy of the system is
E =
2
1
m e
2
AA
2
=
2
1
m
2
T
2
|
.
|
\
| t
A
2
=
2
2 2
T
A m 2t
=
2
2 2 3 2
) s 20 . 0 (
) m 10 0 . 2 )( kg 10 40 ( 2

t
= 7.9 10
3
J
6. A body makes angular simple harmonic motion of amplitude t/10 rad and time period0.05 s. If the body is at
a displacement t/10 rad at t = 0, write the equation giving the angular displacement as a function of time.
Sol. Let the required equation be
u = u
0
sin (et + o)
Here u
0
= amplitude =
10
t
rad
e =
T
2t
=
s 05 . 0
2t
= 40 t s
1
so that u =
|
.
|
\
| t
rad
10
sin ( ) | | o + t

t s 40
1
..............(i)
At t = 0, u = t/10 rad. Putting in (i)
10
t
=
|
.
|
\
| t
10
sino
or, sino =1
or, o = t/2
Thus by (i),
u =
|
.
|
\
| t
rad
10
sin
( )
(
t
+ t

2
t s 40
1
=
|
.
|
\
| t
rad
10
cos [(40 t s
1
) t ].
7. Calculate the time period of a simple pendulum of length one meter. The acceleration due to gravity at the
place is t
2
m/s
2
.
Sol. The time period is
T = 2t g / = 2t
2 2
s / m
m 00 . 1
t
= 2.0 s.
8. In a laboratory experiment with simple pendulum it was found that it took 36 s to complete 20 oscillations
when the effective length was kept at 80 cm. Calculate the acceleration due to gravity from these data.
Sol. The time period of a simple pendulum is given by
T = 2t g /
or, g =
2
2
T
4 t
...........(i)
In the experiment described in the question, the time period is
T =
20
s 36
= 1.8 s.
thus, by (i)
Page # 3
g =
2
2
) s 8 . 1 (
80 . 0 4 t
= 9.75 m/s
2
.
9. A uniform rod of length 1.00 m is suspended through an end and is set into oscillation with small amplitude
under gravity. Find the time period of oscillation.
Sol. For small amplitude the angular motion is nearly simple harmonic and the time period is given by
T = 2t
mg
I
= 2t

mg
) 3 / m (
2
= 2t
g 3
= 2t
2
s / m 80 . 9 3
m 00 . 1
= 1.16 s.
10. A uniform disc of radius 5.0 cm and mass 200 g is fixed at its centre to a metal wire, the other end of which
is fixed with a clamp. The hanging disc is rotated about the wire through an angle and is released. If the disc
makes torsional oscillations with time period 0.20 s, find the torsional constant of the wire.
Sol. The situation is shown in figure. The moment of inertia of the disc about the wire is
I =
2
mr
2
=
2
) m 10 0 . 5 )( kg 200 . 0 (
2 2
= 2.5 10
4
kg - m
2
.
The time period is given by
T = 2t
k
I
or, k =
2
2
T
4 I t
=
2
2 4 2
) s 20 . 0 (
) m kg 10 5 . 2 ( 4 t

= 0.25
2
2
s
m kg
.
11. Find the amplitude of the simple harmonic motion obtained by combining the motions
x
1
= (2.0 cm) sinet
and x
2
= (2.0 cm) sin (et + t/3).
Sol. The two equations given represent simple harmonic motions along X-axis with amplitudesA
1
= 2.0 cmandA
2
= 2.0 cm. The phase differnce between the two simple harmonic motions is t/3. The resultant simple
harmonic motion will have an amplitudeAgiven by
A =
o + + cos A A 2 A A
2 1
2
2
2
1
=
3
cos ) cm 0 . 2 ( 2 ) cm 0 . 2 ( ) cm 0 . 2 (
2 2 2
t
+ +
= 3.5 cm
QUESTIONS FOR SHORT ANSWER
1. A person goes to bed at sharp 10.00 pm every day. It is an example of periodic motion? If yes, what is the
time period ? If no, why ?
2. Aparticle executing simple harmonic motion comes to rest at the extreme positions. Is the resultant force on
the particle zero at these positions according to Newtons first law?
3. Can simple harmonic motion take place in a noninertial frame? If yes, should the ratio of the force applied
Page # 4
with the displacement be constant ?
4. A particle executes simple harmonic motion. If you are told that its velocity at this instant is zero, can you
say what is its displacement ? If you are told that its velocity at this instant is maximum, can you say what
is its displacement ?
5. Asmall creature moves with constant speed in a vertical circle on a bright day. Does its shadow formed by
the sun on a horizontal plane move in a simple harmonic motion ?
6. A particle executes simple harmonic motion. Let P be a point near the mean position and Qbe a point near
an extreme. The speed of the particle at P is larger then the speed at Q. Still the particle crosses P and Q
equal number of times in a given time interval. Does it make you unhappy ?
7. In measuring time period of a pendulum, it is advised to measure the time between consecutive passage
through the mean position in the same direction. This is said to result in better accuracy than measuring
time between consecutive passage through an extreme position. Explain.
8. It is proposed to move a particle in simple harmonic motion on a rough horiozntal surface by applying an
external force along the line of motion. Sketch the graph of the applied forceagainst the position of the
particle. Note that the applied force has two values for a given position depending on whether the particle is
moving in positive or negative direction.
9. Can the potential energy in a simple harmonic motion be negative? Will it be so if we choose zero potential
energy at some point other than the mean position ?
10. The energy of a system in simple harmonic motion is given by E =
2
1
me
2
A
2
. Which of the following two
statements is more appropriate ?
(A) The energy is increased because the amplitude is increased.
(B) The amplitude is increased because the energy is increased.
11. Apendulum clock gives correct time at the equator. Will it gain time or loose time as it is taken to the poles
?
12. Can a pendulum clock be used in an earth satellite ?
13. A hollow sphere filled with water is used as the bob of a pendulum. Assume that the equation for simple
pendulum is valid with the distance between the point of suspension and centre of mass of the bob acting as
the effective length of the pendulum. If water slowly leaks out of the bob, how will the time period vary ?
14. Ablock of known mass is suspended froma fixed support through a light spring. Can you find the time period
of vertial oscillation only by measuring the extension of the spring when the block is in equilibrium.
15. A platoon of soldiers marches on a road in steps according to the sound of a marching band. The band is
stopped and the soldiers are ordered to break the steps while crossing a bridge. Why ?
16. The force acting on a particle moving along X-axis is F = k(x v
0
t) where k is a positive cosntant. An
observer moving at a constant velocity v
0
along the X-axis looks at the particle. What kind of motion does he
find for the particle?
Objective - I
1. A student says that he had applied a force F k/x on a particle and the particle moved in simple harmonic
motion. He refuses to tell whether k is a constant or not. Assume that he has worked only with positive x and
no other force acted on the particle.
(+ liii +t-i t l+ -=- l+=i +i n F k/x nnii t -ii +i =n ~i- nl- + ti t t t
-i- = n-i + ti t l+ k l-- t i -ti l< t ni- lni i l+ -=+i +i +n i-in+ x l<zii
+ ln ti t -ii +i ~- +i : n +i- -ti t
(A*) As x increases k increases x c - + =ii k c -i t
(B) As x increases k decreases x c - + =ii k +n ti -i t
Page # 5
(C) As x increases k remains constant. x c - + =ii k l-- t-i t
(D) The motion cannot be simple harmonic. nl- =n ~i-i -ti ti =+-i t
2. The time period of a particle in simple harmonic motion is equal to the time between consecutive appearance
of the particle at a particular point in its motion. This point is
=n ~i- nl- +- t( +i + l+=i llzi l-< +nin- = <lni- ti- + =ni--in +i +i +i
~i-+in +t- t t l-< t
(A) the mean position ni l-il-
(B*) an extreme position ~li+-n l-ii- +i l-il-
(C) between the mean position and the positive extreme
i-in+ ~li+-n l-ii- -ii ni l-il- + n
(D) between the mean position and the negative extreme.
+iin+ ~li+-n l-ii- -ii ni l-il- + n
3. The time period of a particle in simple harmonic motion is equal to the smallest time between the particle
acquiring a particular velocity v
. The value of v is
=n ~i-i nl- n +i +i ~i- +in -= ---n =n + i ti-i t . l=n +i (+ llzi n v
i-- +-i
t v +i ni- t
(A*) v
max
(B) 0
(C) between 0 and v
max
0 v
max
+ i- (D) between 0 and v
max
0 v
max
+ i-
4. The displacement of a particle in simple harmonic motion in one time period is
=n ~i-i nl- n (+ ~i-+in n +i +i l-ii- ti-i t
(A) A (B) 2A (C) 4A (D*) zero zi -
5. The distance moved by a particle in simple harmonic motion in one time period is
=n ~i-i nl- n (+ ~i- +in n +i + ,ii - +i n: < i ti -i t
(A) A (B) 2A (C*) 4A (D) zero zi -
6. The average acceleration in one time period in a simple harmonic motion is
=n '~i-i nl-' n (+ ~i-+in n ~i=- i ti-i t
(A) A e
2
(B) A e
2
/2 (C) Ae
2
/ 2 (D*) zero. zi-
7. The motion of a particle is given by x = A sin et + B cos et. The motion of the particle is
l+=i +i +i nl- x =Asin et + B cos et ,ii + +i i-i t +i +i nl- t
(A) not simple harmonic (B) simple harmonic with amplitude A+ B
(C) simple harmonic with amplitude (A + B)/2 (D*) simple harmonic with amplitude
2 2
B A +
(A) =n ~i-i -ti t (B) =n ~i-i l=+i ~iin A+ B t
(C) =n ~i-i l=+i ~iin (A + B)/2 t (D*) =n ~i-i l=+i ~iin
2 2
B A +
t
8. The displacement of a particle is given by r
= A ( i
coset + j
sinet). The motion of the particle is

l+=i +i +i l-ii- r
=A( i
coset + j
sinet) ,ii + l+i i-i t +i +i nl- t

(A) simple harmonic (B) on a straight line
(C*) on a circle (D) with constant acceleration
(A) =n ~i-i (B) =n ii + ~- l<zi
(C*) -ii i (D) l-- i + =ii
9. Aparticle moves on the X-axis according to the equation x =A+ B sin et. The motion is simple harmonic with
amplitude
(+ +i X-~-i + ~-l<zi =ni+i x =A+ B sin et + ~- =i nl-ziin t nl- =n ~i-i t . l=+i ~iin
t
(A) A (B*) B (C) A + B (D)
2 2
B A +
10. Figure represents two simple harmonic motions. The parameter which has different values in the two motions
is HCV_Ch-12_Obj I_10
Page # 6
l-zi n <i =n ~i- nl-i l<iii ni t <i -i nl-i n l+- i-ni + ~nn~nn ni- ti n
(A) amplitude (B) frequency (C*) phase (D) maximum velocity
(A) ~iin (B) ~il-i (C*) +ni (D) ~li+-n n
11. The total mechani cal energy of a spri ng - mass system in simpl e harmonic moti on i s
E =
2
1
m e
2
A
2
. Suppose the oscillating particle is replaced by another particle of double the mass while the
amplitudeAremains the same. The new mechanical energy will
=n ~i-i nl- n l-n <ni- l-+i +i +n ilzi+ -i E=
2
1
m e
2
A
2
t ni- lnl l+ <in- +- in
+i +i < n- < ni- in +i = l--iil- + l<i i-i t l+ ~iin A~ll-- ii i-i t -i i lzi+
-i
(A) become 2 E (B) become E/2 (C) become 2 E (D*) remain E
(A) 2 E ti i ni (B) E/2 ti i ni (C) 2 E ti i ni (D*) E ti t ni
12. The average energy in one time period in simple harmonic motion is
=n ~i-i nl- n (+ ~i-+in n ~i =- -i ti-i t
(A*)
2
1
m e
2
AA
2
(B)
4
1
m e
2
AA
2
(C) m e
2
A
2
(D) zero zi -
13. Aparticle executes simple harmonic motion with a frequency v. The frequency with which the kinetic energy
oscillates is
(+ +i v ~i l- + =ii =n ~i-i nl- + ti t nl- -i l= ~il- = <i n- + ti t. t t
(A) v/2 (B) v (C*) 2v (D) zero zi -
14. A particle executes simple harmonic motion under the restoring force provided by a spring. The time period
is T. If the spring is divided in two equal parts and one part is used to continue the simple harmonic motion,
the time period will
(A) remain T (B) becomes 2T (C) become T/2 (D*) become T/ 2
(+ l-n ,ii nni n i-- n + ii n (+ +i =n ~i-i nl- + ti t ~i-+in T t l< l-n
+i <i i iini n liil- ++. (+ iin +i -in =n ~i-i nl- + ln l+i i-i t. -i ~i-+in
(A) T t ni (B) 2T ti i ni (C) T/2 ti i ni (D*) T/ 2 ti i ni
15. Two bodies Aand Bof equal mass are suspended from two separate massless springs of spring cosntant k
1
and k
2
respectively. If the bodies socillate vertically such that their maximumvelocities are equal, the ratio of
the amplitude of A to that of B is HCV_Ch-12_Obj I_15
=ni- < ni- + <i l A B <i ~nn~nn < ni- lt- l- ni l-+ l- n l--i + k
1
k
2
t = n+i
n t l< <i-i l -ii := +i <in- +- t l+ --n ~li+-n n =ni- t A B + ~iini n ~-i-
ti ni
(A) k
1
/k
2
(B)
2 1
k / k (C) k
2
/k
1
(D*)
1 2
k / k
16. Aspring mass system oscillates with a frequency v. If it is taken in an elevator slowly accelerating upward,
the frequency will
(A) increase (B) decrease (C*) remain same (D) become zero
(+ l-n <ni- l-+i v ~i l- = <in- + ti t l< :=+i - +i ~i iin i = nl-ziin ln+ n
n ii i -i :=+i ~i l-
(A) c i ni (B) +n ti i ni (C*) ~ll- - tni (D) zi - ti i ni
Page # 7
17. A spring-mass system oscillates in a car. If the car accelerates on a horizontal road, the frequency of
oscillation will
(A) increase (B) decrease (C*) remain same (D) become zero.
(+ l- n < ni- l-+i (+ +i n <i n- + ti t l< +i -i l- = + l- ti - nn i-i t . -i
~i-+in
(A) c i ni (B) +n ti i ni (C*) ~ll-- t ni (D) zi - ti i ni
18. A pendulum clock that keeps correct time on the earth is taken to the moon. It will run
(A) at correct rate (B) 6 times faster (C)
6
times faster (D*)
6
times slower
i =ti =n <zii - ini ni n+ i i --<ni n ii i-i t t -n ni
(A) =ni- < = (B) 6 n-i - (C)
6
n -i - (D*)
6
n-i iini
19. A wall clock uses a vertical spring-mass system to measure the time. Each time the mass reaches an
extreme position, the clock advances by a second. The clock gives correct time at the equator. If the clock
is taken to the poles it will
(A) run slow (B) run fast (C) stop working (D*) give correct time.
(+ < ni- i i n =n ni- t - -i i l- n < ni- l-+i +i -in l+i i-i t + i < ni-
l-il- -+ t --i t ii 1 =+ ~in c-i t ii li - ii =ti =n <zii-i t. l< := ii +i
i i n ii i -i t
(A) iini -nni (B) - -n ni
(C) +i +-i -< + < ni (D*) =ti =n <zii ni
20. A pendulum clock keeping correct time is taken to high altitudes,
(A) it will keep correct time
(B) its length should be increased to keep correct time
(C*) its length should be decreased to keep correct time
(D) it cannot keep correct time even if the length is changed.
=ti =n <zii- ini nin+ i i - - -ii- n i-
(A) =ti =n <zii ni
(B) =ti =n <zii - + ln( :=+i n-i: c i-i ni
(C*) =ti =n <zii - + ln( :=+i n-i: +n +-i ti ni
(D) n-i: n l- - +- ii t =ti =n -ti <zii ni
21. The free end of a simple pendulum is attached to the ceiling of a box. The box is taken to a height and the
pendulum is oscillated. When the bob is at its lowest point, the box is released to fall freely. As seen from the
box during this period, the bob will
(A) continue its oscillation as before (B) stop
(C*) go in a circular path (D) move on a straight line.
=n ni n+ +i n +- l=i (+ i+= +i z- = i t ~i t i+= +i l+=i - -i: n ii i-i t -ii ni n+
<in- + ti t i l----n l-< t. i+= +i zi l<i i-i t l== t n+- = ln- nn-i
t i += n = < i- := +in n i
(A) +i iil- ti <in- +-i t (B) + i-i t
(C*) -ii+i i nl- +-i t (D) =n ii + ~- l<zi nl- +-i t
Objective - II
1. Select the correct statements.
(A*) asimple harmonic motion is necessarily periodic (B*) a simple harmonic motion is necessarily oscillatory
(C) an oscillatory motion is necessarily periodic (D) a periodic motion is necessarily oscillatory
=ti +i- - l-
(A*) =n ~i-i nl- l-lz-- = ~i-i nl- ti-i t
(B*) =n ~i-i nl- l-lz-- = <i n-i nl- ti -i t
(C) <i n-i nl- l-lz-- = ~il- nl- ti -i t
(D) ~i-i nl- l-lz-- = <i n- nl- ti -i t
Page # 8
2. A particle moves in a circular path with a uniform speed. Its motion is
(A*) periodic (B) oscillatory
(C) simple harmonic (D) angular simple harmonic
-ii+i i (+ +i l-- -in = nl-ziin t :=+i nl- t
(A*) ~i-i (B) <i n-i
(C) =n ~i-i (D) +i ii =n ~i-i
3. A particle is fastened at the end of a string and is whirled in a vertical circle with the other end of the string
being fixed. The motion of the particle is
(A*) periodic (B) oscillatory
(C) simple harmonic (D) angular simple harmonic
(+ ii + l= (+ +i l-+ii ni t -ii ii + <= l= +i l-i i- t( := -ii -i n inii
i-i t +i +i nl- t
(A*) ~i-i (B) <i n-i
(C) =n ~i-i (D) +i ii =n ~i-i
4. A particle moves in a circular path with a continuously increasing speed. Its motion is
(A) periodic (B) oscillatory (C) simple harmonic (D*) none of them
-ii+i i (+ +i l--- c-i t : -in = nl-ziin t :=+i nl- t
(A) ~i-i (B) <i n-i (C) =n ~i-i (D*) +i ii =n ~i-i
5. The motion of a torsional pendulum is
(A*) periodic (B*) oscillatory
(C) simple harmonic (D*) angular simple harmonic
ni i <in+ +i nl- ti-i t
(A*) ~i-i (B*) <i n-i
(C) =n ~i-i (D*) +i ii =n ~i-i
6. Which of the following quantities are always negative in a simple harmonic motion ?
(A)
F
.
a
(B)
v
.
r
(C*) a
. r
(D*) F
. r
l+=i =n ~i-i nl- n l--- n = +i-=i ilzii =< +iin+ ti -i t

(A)
F
.
a
(B)
v
.
r
(C*) a
. r
(D*) F
. r
7. Which of the following quantities are always positive in a simple harmonic motion ?
(A*)
F
.
a
(B)
v
.
r
(C) a
. r
(D) F
. r
l+=i =n ~i-i nl- n l--- n = +i -=i ilzii =< i-in+ ti -i t

(A*)
F
.
a
(B)
v
.
r
(C) a
. r
(D) F
. r
8. Which of the following quantities are always zero in a simple harmonic motion ?
(A*)
F
(B*)
v
(C*) a
(D*) F
l+=i =n ~i- nl- n l--- n = +i-=i ilzii =< zi- ti-i t

(A*)
F
(B*)
v
(C*) a
(D*) F
9. Suppose a tunnel is dug along a diameter of the earth. Aparticle is dropped froma point, a distance h directly
above the tunnel. The motion of the particle as seen from the earth is
(A) simple harmonic (B) parabolic (C*) on a straight line (D*) periodic
ni- nil l+ i + i= + ~-l<zi (+ = n ii<i ni t = n + ai+ - h --i: l-i- l-< = .
(+ +i lni-i i-i t i = < i- +i +i nl- l<ii: < ni
(A) =n ~i-i (B) lnl+ (C*) =n ii + ~- l<zi (D*) ~i-i
10. For a particle executing simple harmonic motion, the acceleration is proportional to
(A*) displacement from the mean position
(B) distance from the mean position
(C) distance travelled since t = 0
(D) speed
=n ~i- nl- + t +i + ln. i =ni- i-i ti -i t
(A*) ni l-il- = l-ii- +
(B) ni l-il- = < i +
Page # 9
(C) t = 0 = - +i n: < i +
(D) -in
11. A particle moves in the X-Y plane according to the equation
r
= (
i
+ 2 j
) A coset.
The motion of the particle is
(A*) on a straight line (B) on an ellipse (C*) periodic (D*) simple harmonic
l--- =ni+i + ~- =i (+ +i X-Y-n n =n ~i- nl- + ti t
r
= (
i
+ 2 j
) A coset.
+i +i nl- t
(A*) =n ii + ~- l<zi (B) <ii -i + ~-l<zi (C*) ~i-i (D*) =n ~i-i
Sol.
r
= ( i
+ 2 j
) A cos et
This is combination of S.H.M. along x and y axis having equations
x = A cos et & y = 2A cos et
This is equation of S.H.M. along a sraight line y = 2x.
S.H.M. is always periodic.
r
= ( i
+ 2 j
) A cos et
t x ~i y ~-i + ~-l<zi =n ~i- nl-i +i =i- t l-+ =ni+i
x = A cos et ~i y = 2A cos et
t =n ii y = 2x + ~-l<zi =n ~i- nl- +i =ni+i t
=c ~ic nc =< ~i-i ti-i t
12. A particle moves on the X-axis according to the equation x = x
0
sin
2
et. The motion is simple harnomic
(A) with amplitude x
0
(B) with amplitude 2x
0
(C) with time period
e
t 2
(D*)with time period
e
t
(+ +i =ni+i x = x
0
sin
2
+ ~- =i x-~-i + ~- l<zi nl-ziin t nl- =n ~i-i t
(A) x
0
~iin + =ii (B) 2x
0
~iin + =ii
(C) ~i-+in + =ii
e
t 2
(D*~i-+in + =ii
e
t
13. In a simple harmonic motion
(A) the potential energy is always equal to the kinetic energy
(B) the potential energy is never equal to the kinetic energy
(C) the average potential energy in any time interval is equal to the average kinetic energy in that time interval
(D*) the average potential energy in one time period is equal to the average kinetic energy in this period.
=n ~i- nl- n
(A) l-il- -i =< nl- -i + i t-i t
(B) l-il- -i =< nl- -i =
(C) l+=i =ni in n ~i =- l-il- -i -= =ni -in n ~i =- nl- -i + i t-i t
(D*) (+ ~i-i+n n ~i =- l-il- -i := ~i- +in n ~i=- nl- -i + i ti-i t
14. In a simple harmonic motion
(A*) the maximum potential energy equals the maximum kinetic energy
(B*) the minimum potential energy equals the minimum kinetic energy
(C) the minimum potential energy equals the maximum kinetic energy
(D) the maximum potential energy equals the minimum kinetic energy
=n ~i- nl- n
(A*) ~li+-n l-il- -i . ~li+-n nl- -i + i ti-i t
(B*) - --n l-il- -i . - --n nl- -i + i ti -i t
(C) - --n l-il- -i . ~li+-n nl- -i + i ti -i t
(D) ~li+-n l-il- -i . - --n nl- -i + i ti -i t
15. An object is released from rest. The time is takes to fall through a distance h and the speed of the object as
it falls through this distance are measured with a pendulum clock. The entire apparatus is taken on the moon
Page # 10
and the experiment is repeated
(A*) the measured times are same (B*) the measured speeds are same
(C) the actual times in the fall are equal (D) the actual speeds are equal
(+ -- +i lin-ii = lnii i-i t h <i -+ ln- n nni =n -ii :=i <i -+ ln- -in +i ni-
nin+ i i ,ii l+i i-i t l< =-i -+i +i -i< n ii i -ii := i n +i <i tii i
(A*) ni n =n =ni- ti n (B*) nii ni -in =ni- ti ni
(C) ln- n nn i--l+ =n =ni- ti n (D) i--l+ -in (+ =ni- tini
16. Which of the following will change the time period as they are taken to moon ?
(A*) Asimple pendulum (B*) Aphysical pendulum
(C) a torsional pendulum (D) a spring mass system
--< ni n i- l--- = l+=+ ~i- +in ll- - ti i n
(A*) =n ni n+ (B*) ii l-+ nin+
(C) ni i <i n+ (D) l- n < ni- l-+i
WORKED OUT EXAMPLES
1. The equation of particle executing simple harmonic motion is x = (5 m) sin (
t
+ t

3
t ) s (
1
. Write down the
amplitude, time period and maximum speed. Also find the velocity at t = 1 s.
Sol. Comparing with equation x = A sin (et + o), we see that
the amplitude = 5 m,
and time period =
e
t 2
=
1
s
2
t
t
= 2s.
The maximum speed = Ae = 5 m t s
1
= 5t m/s.
The velocity at time t =
dt
dx
= AAe cos (et + o)
At t = 1 s,
v = (5 m) (t s
1
) cos
|
.
|
\
| t
+ t
5
=
2
5t
m/s.
2. A block of mass 5 kg executes simple harmonic motion under the restoring force of a spring. The amplitude
and the time period of the motion are 0.1 m and 3.14 s respectively. Find the maximum force exerted by the
spring on the block.
Sol. The maximum force exerted on the block is kA when the block is at the extreme position.
The angular frequency e=
T
2t
= 2 s
1
The spring constant = k = me
2
= (5 kg) (4 s
2
) = 20 N/m.
Maximumforce = kA = (20 N/m) (0.1 m) = 2 N.
3. A particle executing simple harmonic motion has angular frequency 6.28 s
1
and ampitude 10 cm. Find (a)
the time period, (b) the maximumspeed, (c) the maximumacceleration, (d) the speed when the displacement
is 6 cm from the mean position, (e) the speed at t = 1/6 s assuming that the motion starts from rest at t = 0.
Sol. (a) Time period =
e
t 2
=
28 . 6
2t
s = 1 s.
(b) Maximum speed = Ae= (0.1 m) (6.28 s
1
)
= 0.628 m/s.
(c) Maximum acceleration = Ae
2
= (0.1 m) (6.28 s
1
)
2
= 4 m/s
2
.
Page # 11
(d) v = e
2 2
x A
= (6.28 s
1
)
2 2
) cm 6 ( ) cm 10 (
= 50.2 cm/s.
(e) At t = 0, the velocity is zero i.e., the particle is at an extreme. The equation for displacement
may be written as
x = A coset.
The velocity is v = A e sin et.
At t =
6
1
s, v = (0.1 m) (6.28 s
1
) sin
|
.
|
\
|
6
28 . 6
= ( 0.628 m/s) sin
3
t
= 54.4 cm/s.
4. A particle executes a simple harmonic motion of time period T. Find the time taken by the particle to go
directly from its mean position to half the amplitude.
Sol. Let the equation of motion be x = A sin et.
At t = 0, x = 0 and hence the particle is at its mean position. Its velocity is
v = A e cos et = A e
which is positive. So it is going towards x = A/2.
The particle will be at x = A/2, at a time t where
2
A
= A sin et
or, sin et = 1/2
or, e t = t/6
Here minimum positive value of et is chosen because we are interested in finding the time taken by the
particle to directly go from x = 0 to x = A/2.
Thus, t =
e
t
6
=
) T / 2 ( 6 t
t
=
12
T
.
5. A block of mass m hangs from a vertical spring of spring constant k. If it is displaced from its equilibrium
position, find the time period of oscillations.
Sol. Suppose the length of the spring is stretched by a length A . The tension in the spring is k A and this is the
force by the spring on the block. The other force on the block is mg due to gravity. For equilibrium, mg = k A
or A = mg/k. Take this position of the block as x = 0. If the block is further displaced by x, the resultant
force is k
|
.
|
\
|
+ x
k
mg
mg = kx.
Thus, the resultant force is proportional to the displacement. The motion is simple harmonic with a time
period T = 2t
k
m
.
We see that in vertical oscillations, gravity has no effect on time period. The only effect it has is to shift the
equilibrium position by a distance mg/k as if the natural length is increased (or decreased if the lower end of
the spring is fixed) by mg/k.
6. Aparticle suspended from a vertical spring oscillates 10 times per second. At the highest point of oscillation
the spring becomes unstretched. (a) Find the maximum speed of the block. (b) Find the speed when the
spring is stretched by 0.20 cm. Take g = t
2
m/s
2
.
Sol.(a) The mean position of the particle during vertical oscillations is mg/k distance away fromits position when the
spring is unstretched. at the highest point, i.e., at an extreme position, the spring is unstretched.
Page # 12
Hence the amplitude is
A =
k
mg
. ........(i)
The angular frequency is
e =
m
k
= 2t v = (20t) s
1
........(ii)
or,
k
m
=
2
400
1
t
s
2
.
Putting in (i), the amplitude is
A =
|
|
.
|
\
|
t
|
|
.
|
\
|
t
2
2 2
2
s
m
s
400
1
=
400
1
m = 0.25 cm.
The maximum speed =Ae
= (0.25 cm) (20 t s
1
) = 5t cm/s.
(b) When the spring is stretched by 0.20 cm, the block is 0.25 cm 0.20 cm = 0.05 cm above the mean
position. The speed at this position will be
v = e
2 2
x A
= (20 t s
1
)
2 2
) cm 05 . 0 ( ) cm 25 . 0 (
~ 15.4 cm/s.
7. The pulley shown in figure has a moment of inertia I about its axis and mass m. Find the time period of
vertical oscillation of its centre of mass. The spring has spring constant k and the string does not slip over the
pulley.
Sol. Let us first find the equilibrium position. For rotational equilibrium of the pulley, the tensions in the two strings
should be equal. Only then the torque on the pulley will be zero. Let this tension be T. The extension of the
spring will be y = T/k, as the tension in the spring will be the same as the tension in the string. For
translational equilibrium of the pulley,
2T = mg or, 2 ky = mg or, y =
k 2
mg
the spring is extended by a distance
k 2
mg
when the pulley is in equilibrium.
Nowsuppose, the centre of the pulley goes down further by a distance x. The total increase in the length of
the string plus the spring 2x (x on the left of the pulley and x on the right). As the string has a constant length,
the extension of the spring is 2x. The energy of the system is
U =
2
1
Ie
2
+
2
1
mv
2
mgx +
2
1
k
2
x 2
k 2
mg
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
Page # 13
=
2
1
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
I
m
r
2
v
2
+
k 8
g m
2 2
+ 2 kx
2
.
As the system is conservative,
dt
dU
= 0, giving,
0 = |
|
.
|
\
|
+
I
m
r
2
v
dt
dv
+ 4 kxv
or,
dt
dv
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
I
m
r
x k 4
2
or, a = e
2
x where e
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
I
m
r
k 4
2
Thus, the centre of mass of the pulley executes a simple harmonic motion with time period.
T = 2t
) k 4 /( m
r
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
I
.
8. The friction coefficient between the two blocks shown in figure is and the horizontal plane is smooth. (a) If
the system is slightly displaced and released, find the time period. (b) Find the magnitude of the frictional
force between the blocks when the displacement fromthe meanposition is x. (c) What can be the maximum
amplitude if the upper block does not slip relative to the lower block ?
l-zi n <zii n <i n +i + n ii i n ii + t ( -i l- -n l-+-i t (a) l< l-+i ii i =i l-iil- ++
zi l<i i-i t -i ~i- +in ai- +i (b) ni l-il- = l-ii- x t -i n +i + n ii i n +i lnii
ai- +i (c) l< l--n n+ + =i-i -i n+i -ti l+=n-i t -i ~li+-n ~iin l+--i ti =+-i t `
[M.Bank(07-08)_HCV__Ch.12_WOE_Q.8]
Sol. (a) For small amplitude, the two blocks oscillate together. The angular frequency is
e =
m M
k
+
and so the time period T = 2t
k
m M+
.
(b) The acceleration of the blocks at displacement x from the mean position is
a = e
2
x =
|
.
|
\
|
+
m M
kx
The resultant force on the upper block is, therefore,
ma =
|
.
|
\
|
+
m M
mkx
This force is provided by the friction of the lower block. Hence, the magnitude of the frictional force is
|
.
|
\
|
+ m M
| x | mk
(c) Maximum force of friction required for simple harmonic motion of the upper block is
m M
A mk
+
at the
extreme positions. But the maximum frictional force can only be mg. Hence
m M
A mk
+
= mg or, A =
k
g ) m M ( +
9. The left block in figure collides inelastically with the right block and sticks to it. Find the amplitude of the
resulting simple harmonic motion.
Page # 14
Sol. Assumingthe collisionto last for asmall interval only, we canapply the principle of conservation of momentum.
The common velocity after the collision is
2
v
. The kinetic energy =
2
1
(2m)
2
2
v
|
.
|
\
|
=
4
1
mv
2
. This is also the
total energy of vibration as the spring is unstretched at this moment. If the amplitude is A, the total energy
can also be written as
2
1
kA
2
. Thus,
2
1
kA
2
=
4
1
mv
2
, giving A=
k 2
m
v..
10. Describe the motion of the mass m shown in figure. The walls and the block are elastic.
Sol. The block reaches the spring with a speed v. It nowcompresses the spring. The block is decelerated due to
the spring force, comes to rest when
2
1
mv
2
=
2
1
kx
2
and return back. It is accelerated due to the spring force
till the spring acquires its natural length. The contact of the block with the spring is now broken. At this
instant it has regained its speed v (towards left) as the spring is unstretched and no potential energy is
sotred. This process takes half the period of oscillation i.e., t
k / m
. The block strikes the left wall after a
time L/v and as the collision is elastic, it rebounds with the same speed v. After a time L/v, it again reaches
the spring and the process is repeated. The block thus undergoes periodic motion with time period t
k / m
+
v
L 2
.
11. A block of mass m is suspended from the ceiling of a stationary elevator through a spring of spring constant
k. Suddenly, the cable breaks and the elevator starts falling freely. Show that block now executes a simple
harmonic motion of amplitude mg/k in the elevator.
Sol. When the elevator is stationary, the spring is stretched to support the block. If the extension is x, the tension
is kx which should balance the weight of the block.
Thus, x = mg/k. As the cable breaks, the elevator starts falling with acceleration g. We shall work in he
frame of reference of the elevator. Then wehave touse a psuedo force mg upward on the block. This forcewill
balance the weight. Thus, the block is subjected to a net force kx by the spring when it is at a distance x
from the position of unstretched spring. Hence, its motion in the elevator is simple harmonic with its mean
position corresponding to the unstretched spring. Initially, the spring is stretched by x = mg/k, where the
velocity of the block (with respect to the elevator) is zero. Thus, the amplitude of the resulting simple harmonic
motion is mg/k.
12. The spring shown in figure is kept in a stretched position with extension x
0
when the system is released.
Assuming the horizontal surface to be frictionless, find the frequency of oscillation.
Sol. Considering the two blocks plus the spring as a system there is no external resultant force on the system.
Hence the centre of mass of the system will remain at rest. The mean positions of the two simple harmonic
motions occur when the spring becomes unstretched. If the mass m moves towards right through a distance
Page # 15
x and the mass Mmoves towards left through a distance X before the spring acquires natural length,
x + X = x
0
. .............(i)
x and X will be the amplitudes of the two blocks m and M respectively. As the centre of mass should not
change during the motion, we should also have
mx = MX. .............(ii)
From (i) and (ii), x =
m M
Mx
0
+
and X =
m M
mx
0
+
.
Hence, the left block is x =
m M
Mx
0
+
distance away from its mean position in the beginning of the motion. The
force by the spring on thick block at this isntant is equal to the tension of spring i.e., T = kx
0
.
Now x =
m M
Mx
0
+
or,, x
0
=
M
m M+
x
Thus, T =
M
) m M ( k +
x or, a =
m
T
=
Mm
) m M ( k +
x.
The angular frequency is, therefore, e=
Mm
) m M ( k +
and the frequency is v =
t
e
2
=
t 2
1
Mm
) m M ( k +
.
13. Assume that a narrowtunnel is dug between two diametrically opposite points of the earth. Treat the earth as
a solid sphere of uniform density. Show that if a particle is released in this tunnel, it will execute a simple
harmonic motion. Calculate the time period of this motion.
Sol.
Consider the situation shown in figure. Suppose at an instant t the particle in the tunnel is at a distance x
from the centre of the earth. Let us draw a sphere of radius x with its centre at the centre of the earth. Only
the part of the earth within this sphere will exert a net attraction on the particle. Mass of this part is
M' =
3
3
R
3
4
x
3
4
t
t
M =
3
3
R
x
M.
The force of attraction is, therefore,
F =
2
3 3
x
Mm ) R / x ( G
=
3
R
GMm
x.
This force acts towards the centre of the earth. Thus, the resultant force on the particle is opposite to the
displacement fromthe centre of the earth and is proportional to it. The particle, therefore, executes a simple
harmonic motion in the tunnel with the centre of the earth as the mean position.
The force constant is k =
3
R
GMm
, so that the time period is
T = 2t
k
m
= 2t
GM
R
3
14. Asimple pendulumof length 40 cm oscillates with an angular amplitude of 0.04 rad. Find (a) the time period,
(b) the linear amplitude of the bob, (c) the speed of the bob when the string makes 0.02 rad with the vertical
and (d) the angular acceleration when the bob is in momentary rest. Take g = 10 m/s
2
.
Sol.(a) The angular frequency is
e = / g =
m 4 . 0
s / m 10
2
= 5 s
1
Page # 16
the time period is
e
t 2
=
1
s 5
2
t
= 1.26 s.
(b) Linear amplitude = 40 cm 0.04 = 1.6 cm
(c) Angular speed at displacement 0.02 rad is
O = (5 s
1
)
2 2
) 02 . 0 ( ) 04 . 0 (
rad = 0.17 rad/s.
where speed of the bob at this constant
= (40 cm) 0.175
1
= 6.8 cm/s.
(d) At momentary rest, the bob is in extreme position.
Thus, the angular acceleration
o = (0.04 rad) (25 s
2
) = 1 rad/s
2
.
15. Asimple pendulum having a bob of mass m undergoes small oscillations with amplitude u
0
. Find the tension
in the string as a function of the angle made by the string with the vertical. When is this tension maximum,
and when is it minimum ?
Sol. Suppose the speed of the bob at angle u is v. Using conservation of energy between the extreme position and
the position with angle u,
2
1
mv
2
= mg (cosu cosu
0
). .............(i)
As the bob moves in a circle path, the force towards
the centre should be equal to mv
2
/. Thus,
T = mg cosu = mv
2
/.
Using (i),
T mg cosu = 2mg (cosu cosu
0
)
or, T = 3 mg cosu 2 mg cosu
0
.
Now cosu is maximum at u = 0 and decreases as |u| increases (for |u| < 90).
Thus, the tension is maximum when u = 0 i.e., at the mean position and is minimum when
u = u
0
i.e., at extreme positions.
16. A simple pendulum is taken at a place where it separation from the earths surface is equal to the radius of
the earth. Calculate the time period of small oscillations if the length of the string is 1.0m. Take g = t
2
m/s
2
at the surface of the earth.
Sol. At a height R (radius of the earth) the acceleration due to gravity is
g =
2
) R R (
GM
+
=
4
1
2
R
GM
= g/4.
The time period of small oscillations of the simple pendulum is
T = 2t ' g / = 2t
2 2
s / m
4
1
m 0 . 1
t
= 2t
|
.
|
\
|
t
s
2
= 4s.
17. A simple pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of a car accelerating uniformly on a horizontal road. If the
acceleration is a
0
and the length of the pendulum is , find the time period of small oscillations about the
mean position.
Sol. We shall work in the car frame. As it is accelerated with respect to the road, we shall have to apply a psuedo
force ma
0
on the bob of mass m.
Page # 17
For mean position, the acceleration of the bob with respect to the car should be zero. If u be the angle made
by the string with the vertical, the tension, weight and the psuedo force will add to zero in this position.
Suppose, at some instant during oscillation, the string is further deflected by an angle o so that t h e
displacement of the bob is x. Taking the components perpendicular to the string,
component of T = 0,
component of mg = mg sin (o + u) and
component of ma
0
= ma
0
cos (o + u).
Thus, the resultant component F
= m [g sin (o + u) a
0
cos (o + u)]
Expanding the sine and cosine and putting coso ~ 1,
sin o ~ o = x/, we get
F = m (
u + u + u u
x
) sin a cos g ( cos a sin g
0 0 . ...........(i)
At x = 0, the force F on the bob should be zero, as this is the mean position. Thus by (i),
0 = m[g sinu a
0
cos u] ..........(ii)
giving tan u =
g
a
0
Thus, sin u =
2 2
0
0
g a
a
+
..........(iii)
cosu =
2 2
0
g a
g
+
...........(iv)
Putting (ii), (iii) and (iv) in (i), F = m
2
0
2
a g +

x
or, F = m e
2
x, where e
2
=
2
0
2
a g +
This is an equation of simple harmonic motion with time period
t =
t 2
= 2t
4 / 1 2
0
2
) a g ( +

An easy working rule may be found out as follows. In the mean position, the tension, the weight and the
psuedo force balance.
From figure, the tension is
T =
2 2
0
) mg ( ) ma ( +
or,
m
T
=
2 2
0
g a +
.
This plays the role of effective g. Thus the time period is
t = 2t
m / T
= 2t
4 / 1 2
0
2
] a g [ +

.
18. A uniform meter stick is suspended through a small pin hole at the 10 cm mark. Find the time peiod of small
oscillation about the point of suspension.
Sol. Let the mass of the stick be m. The moment of inertia of the stick about the axis of rotation through the point
of suspension is
Page # 18
I =
12
m
2
+ md
2
,
where = 1 m and d = 40 cm.
The separation between the centre of mass of the stick and the point of suspension is d = 40 cm. The time
period of this physical pendulum is
T = 2t
mgd
I
= 2t
) mgd /( md
12
m
2
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
= 2t
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
+ 4 / 16 . 0
12
1
s = 1.55 s.
19. The moment of inertia of the disc used in a torsional pendulum about the suspension wire is 0.2 km-m
2
. If
oscillates with a period of 2s. Another disc is placed over the first one and the time period of the system
becomes 2.5 s. Find the moment of inertia of the second disc about the wire.
Sol. Let the torsional constant of the wire be k. The moment of inertia of the first disc about the wire is 0.2 kg-m
2
.
Hence the time period is
2s = 2t
k
I
= 2t
k
m kg 2 . 0
2
........... (i)
When the second disc having moment of inertia I
1
about the wire is added, the time period is
2.5 s = 2t
k
m kg 2 . 0
1
2
I +
..............(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
4
25 . 6
=
2
1
2
m kg 2 . 0
m kg 2 . 0
I +
This gives I
1
~ 0.11 kg m
2
.
20. A uniform rod of mass m and length is suspended through a light wire of length and torsional constant k
as shown in figure. Find the time period of the systemmakes (a) small oscillations in the vertical plane about
the suspension point and (b) angular oscillations in the horizontal plane about the centre of the rod.
Sol.(a) The oscillations take place about horizontal line through the point of suspension and perpendicular to the
plane of the figure. The moment of inertia of the rod about this line is
12
m
2
+ m
2
=
12
13
m
2
.
The time period = 2t
mg
I
= 2t

mg 12
m 13
2
= 2t
g 12
13
.
(b) The angular oscillations take place about the suspension wire. The moment of inertia about this line is m
2
/
12. The time period is
Page # 19
2t
k
I
= 2t
k 12
m
2
.
21. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic motions
x
1
= A
1
sin et
and x
2
= A
2
sin (et + t/3).
Find (a) the displacement at t = 0, (b) the maximum speed of the particle and (c) the maximum acceleration
of the particle.
Sol.(a) At t = 0, x
1
= A
1
sin et = 0
and x
2
= A
2
sin (et + t/3)
= A
2
sin (t/3) =
2
3 A
2
.
Thus, the resultant displacement at t = 0 is
x = x
1
+ x
2
= A
2
2
3
(b) The resultant of the two motions is a simple harmonic motion of the same angular frequency e. The amplitude
of the resultant motion is
A =
) 3 / cos( A A 2 A A
2 1
2
2
2
1
t + +
=
2 1
2
2
2
1
A A A A + +
.
The maximum speed is
u
max
= A e = e
2 1
2
2
2
1
A A A A + +
(c) The maximum acceleration is
a
max
= A e
2
= e
2
2 1
2
2
2
1
A A A A + +
.
22. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic motions in the same direction having equal amplitudes and
equal frequency. If the resultant amplitude is equal to the amplitude of the individual motions, find the phase
difference between the individual motions. HCV_Ch-12_WOE_22
(+ +i <i =n ~i- nl-i l-+ ~iin ~i l-i =ni- t + ~--n - nl-ni- t l< liini ~iin
~nn~nn nl-i + ~iin + i t -i ~nn~nn nl-i + i- +ni-- ai- +i
Sol. Let the amplitudes of the individual motions be A each. The resultant amplitude is also A. If the phase
difference between the two motions is o,
A =
o + + cos . A . A 2 A A
2 2
or, = A ) cos 1 ( 2 o + = 2A cos
2
o
or, cos
2
o
=
2
1
or, o = 2t/3.
EXERCISE
1. A particle executes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 10 cm and time period 6 s. At
t = 0 it is at position x = 5 cm going towards positive x-direction. Write the equation for the displacement x
at time t. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the particle at t = 4 s.
(+ +i 10 =ni ~iin -ii 6 =+ ~i-+in + =ii =n ~i- nl- + ti t i-in+ x l<zii n i-
t (. t = 0 :=+i l-il- x = 5 = ni t =n t l-ii- x-+ ln =ni+i lnli t = 4 = +
+i + i +i lni ai- +il
Page # 20
1. x = (10 cm) sin
|
.
|
\
| t
+
t
6
t
s 6
2
, ~ 11 cm/s
2
2. The position, velocity and acceleration of a particle executing simple hamonic motion are found to have
magnitudes 2 cm, 1 m/s and 10 m/s
2
at a certain instant Find the amplitude and the time period of the
motion.
=n ~i- nl- + t +i +i l+=i llzi -ii l-il- n -ii i + lnii +nzi 2 =ni, 1 ni. /=. 10
ni./=.
2
t nl- +i ~iin -ii ~i-+in ai- +il
2. 4.9 cm, 0.28 s
3. The particle executes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 10 cm. At what distance from the mean
position are the kinetic and potential energies equal ?
(+ +i 10 =ni ~iin + =ii =n ~i-nl- + ti t ni l-il- = l+= <i nl- -ii l-il- -i(
i tini
3. 5 2
4. The maximum speed and acceleration of a particle executing simple harmonic motion are
10 cm/s and 50 cm/s
2
. Find the position (s) of the particle when the speed is 8 cm/s.
=n ~i- nl- + t +i +i ~li+-n -in -ii i 10 =ni/= . ( 50 = ni/=
2
.t +i +i -in 8 =ni
=. ti -i +i +i l-il- ( l-il-i ) ai- +il
4. 1.2 cm from the mean position
5. A particle having mass 10 g oscillates according to the equation x = (2.0 cm) sin [(100 s
1
) t+ t/6]. Find (a)
the amplitude, the time period and the spring constant (b) the position, the velocity and the acceleration at
t = 0.
10 n in < ni- +i +i =ni+i x = (2.0 cm) sin [(100 s
1
) t+ t/6] + ~- =i <i n- + ti t ai- +il
(a) ~iin. ~i- +in -ii l- n l--i + (b) t = 0 l-il-. n -ii i
5. (a) 2.0 cm, 0.063 s, 100 N/m (b) 1.0 cm, 1.73 m/s, 100 m/s
2
6. The equation of motion of a particle started at t = 0 is given by x = 5 sin (20 t + t/3) where x is in centimetre
and t in second. When does the particle
(a) first come to rest
(b) first have zero acceleration
(c) first have maximum speed ?
t = 0 nl- i-i +- in (+ +i +i nl- +i =ni+i x = 5 sin (20 t + t/3) ,ii +- +i i-i t . ti
x =ni n -ii t =+ n t +i
(a) tni i + lini-ii n ~ini
(b) +i i tni i + zi- tini
(c) +i -in tni i + ~li+-n tini `
6. (a)
120
t
s (b)
30
t
s (c)
30
t
s
7. Consider a particle moving in simple harmonic motion according to the equation
x = 2.0 cos (50 t t + tan
1
0.75)
where x is in centimetre and t in second. The motion is started at t = 0. (a) When does the particle come to
rest for the first time ? (b) When does the acceleration have its maximum magnitude for the first time ? (c)
When does the particle come to rest for the second time ?
(+ +i l---lnli- =ni+i + ~-=i =n ~i- nl- + ti t
x = 2.0 cos (50 t t + tan
1
0.75)
ti x =ni n -ii t =+ n t nl- t = 0 i-i ti-i t (a) +i tni i lini-ii n + ~ini` (b)
tni i i +i lnii ~li+-n + tini` (c) +i <=i i lini-ii n + ~ini`
7. (a) 1.6 10
2
s (b) 1.6 10
2
s (c) 3.6 10
2
s
8. Consider a simple harmonic motion of time period T. Calculate the time taken for the displacement to change
value from half the amplitude to the amplitude.
T ~i-+in = ti ti =n ~i- nl- l-i +il l-ii- +i ni- ~iin + ~ii = ~iin -+ ll--
Page # 21
ti - n nn =n +i ni-i +il
8. T/6
9. The pendulum of a clock is replaced by a spring - mass system with the spring having spring constant 0.1 N/
m. What mass should be attached to the spring ?
(+ ii +i nin+. l-n<ni- l-+i = l--iil- + l<i ni t. l-n +i l--i+ 0.1 --ni. t l-n
= l+--i < ni- i -i -ilt `
9. ~ 10 g
10. A block suspended from a vertical spring is in equilibrium. Show that the extension of the spring equals the
length of an equivalent simple pendulum i.e., a pendulum having frequency same as that of the block.
(+ -ii l-n = n+ii ni n +i =i-i-ii n t +- +il l+ l- n +i =i. (+ -- =n nin+
+i n-i: + i t ~iini+ +i ~il-i + i ~il-i in nin+ +i n-i:
11. A block of mass 0.5 kg hanging from a vertical spring executes simple harmonic motion of amplitude 0.1 m
and time period 0.314 s. Find the maximum force exerted by the spring on the block.
11. 25 N
(+ -i i l- n = n+ii ni 0.5 l+n i < ni- +i n +i =n ~i- nl- + ti t l=+i ~iin
0.1 ni. -ii ~i-+in 0.314 = + t l- n ,ii n+ nnii ni ~li+-n n ai- +il
12. A body of mass 2 kg suspended through a vertical spring executes simple harmonic motion of period 4s. If
the oscillations are stopped and the body hangs in equilibrium, find the potential energy stored in the spring.
(+ -i i l- n = n+ii ni 2 l+ni <ni- ini -- . =n ~i- nl- + ti t. :=+i ~i-+in 4 =+
t l< <i n- i+ l< i -ii -- =i-i-ii n n+i t. l- n n = l-- l-il- -i ai- +il
12. 40 J
13. A spring stores 5 J of energy when stretched by 25 cm. It is kept vertical with the lower end fixed. A block
fastened to its other end is made to undergo small oscillations. If the block makes 5 oscillations each
second, what is the mass of the block ?
(+ l- n +i 25 =ni ii -- :=n 5 n -i =l-- ti -i t :=+i -ii ii ni t -ii :=+i l--ni
l=i l-i t <= l= (+ n+i l-+ii ni t i ~- ~iin in <in- + ti t l< n+i +
= + n 5 <i n- + ti t . n + +i < ni- l+--i t `
13. 0.16 kg
14. A small block of mass m is kept on a bigger block of mass Mwhich is attached to a vertical spring of spring
constant k as shown in the figure. The system oscillates vertically. (a) Find the resultant force on the smaller
block when it is displaced through a distance x above its equilibriumposition. (b) Find the normal force on the
smaller block at this position. When is this force smallest in magnitude? (c) What can be the maximum
amplitude with which the two blocks may oscillate together?
m <ni- ini (+ zii n+i. M<ni- in n+ ii t~i t. i l-zii-=i (+ k n l--i+ ini
-ii l-n = i t~i t l-+i -ii <in- + ti t (a) :=+i =i-i-ii = - +i ~i x <i
-+ l-iil- l+i i-i t. zi n+ liini n ai- +il (b) := l-il- n zi n+ ~lin--
n ai- +il t n ---n lnii +i + tini` (c) ~iin +i ~li+-n ni- l+--i ti =+-i t l+ <i-i
n + (+ =ii <i n- +- t
14. (a)
m M
mkx
+
(b) mg
m M
mkx
+
, at the highest point (c) g
k
) m M ( +
15. The block of mass m
1
shown in figure is fastened to the spring and the block of mass m
2
is placed against it.
(a) Find the compression of the spring in the equilibrium position. (b) The blocks are pushed a further
distance (2/k) (m
1
+ m
2
) g sin u against the spring and released. Find the position where the two blocks
separate. (c) What is the common speed of blocks at the time of separation?
l-zi n <lzi- l+i ni m
1
<ni- +i ni + l-n = l-+ii ni t -ii m
2
<ni- ini ni + :== l+i
+ ii ni t (a) =i-i-ii n l-n +i =-i - ai- +il (b) ni +i +i (2/k) (m
1
+ m
2
) g sin u <i -+
~i l-iil- ++ zi l<i i-i t t l-il- ai- +il. ti <i-i ni + ~nn ti in (c) ~nn ti-
=n <i -i ni +i +i -il-a -in l+--i ti ni`
Page # 22
15. (a)
k
sin g ) m m (
2 1
u +
(b) when the spring acquires its natural length (c)
u + sin g ) m m (
k
3
2 1
16. In figure k = 100 N/m, M = 1 kg and F = 10 N. (a) Find the compression of the spring in the equilibrium
position. (b) Asharp blowby some external agent imparts a speed of 2 m/s to the block towards left. Find the
sum of the potential energy of the spring and the kinetic energy of the block at this instant. (c) Find the time
period of the resulting simple harmonic motion. (d) Find the amplitude. (e) Write the potential energy of the
spring when the block is at the left extreme. (f) Write the potential energy of the spring when the block is at
the right extreme.
The answers of (b), (e) and (f) are different. Explain why this does not violate the principle of conservation of
energy.
l-zi n k = 100 --/ni., M= 1 l+ni -ii F = 10 -- t (a) =i-i-ii n l-n +i =-i - ai- +il (b)
l+=i in l+- ,ii (+<n nni n i++ + +ii ni + ii ~i 2 ni./=. +i -in i-- + n-i t :=
-ii l- n +i l-il- -i -ii ni + +i nl- -i +i i n +il (c) liini =n ~i-i nl- +i
~i- +in ai- +il (d) ~iin ai- +il (e) ni+ ii ~i ~ l-n l-il- n ti -i l- n +i l-il- -i
lnli (f) ni + <ii ~i ~l-n l-il- n ti l-n +i l-il- -i lnli
The answers of (b), (e) and (f) are different. Explain why this does not violate the principle of conservation of
energy.
16. (a) 10 cm (b) 2.5 J (c) t/5 s (b) 20 cm (e) 4.5 J (f) 0.5 J
17. Find the time period of the oscillation of mass m in figures a, b, c. What is the equivalent spring constant of
the pair of springs in each case ?
l-zi (a, b, c) n <lzi- m<ni- + <in- +i ~i-+in ai- +il + l-il- n l- ni + i +i --
l- n l--i + l+--i ti ni`
(a) (b) (c)
17. (a) 2t
2 1
k k
m
+
(b) 2t
2 1
k k
m
+
(c) 2t
2 1
2 1
k k
) k k ( m +
18. The spring shown in figure is unstretched when a man starts pulling on the cord. The mass of the block is M.
If the man exerts a constant force F, find (a) the amplitude and the time period of the motion of the block (b)
the energy stored in the spring when the block passes through the equilibrium position and (c) the kinetic
energy of the block at this position.
(+ l+- ii ii--i i-i +-i t -i l-zi n <lzi- l- n l-i ii-i t: l-il- n t ni+ +i <ni-
Mt l< l- ,ii nnii ni l-- n F t. ai- +il (a) ni+ +i nl- +i ~iin -ii ~i-+in (b)
ni + =i-i-ii = n-i t -i l- n n = l-- -i -ii (c) := l-il- n ni + +i nl- -i
18. (a)
k
F
, 2t
k
M
, (b)
k 2
F
2
(c)
k 2
F
2
19. Aparticle of mass m is attatched to three springs A, B and C of equal force constant k as shown in figure. If
the particle is pushed slightly against the spring C and released, find the time period of oscillations.
=il+ l-zi n <lzi - l+i ni t =ni- n l--i+ k ini -i- l-ni A, B -ii C = m< ni- +i (+ +i
Page # 23
i t~i t l< +i +i l-n C+ lz iii =i l-iil- ++ zi l<i i-i t. <in- +i ~i-+in ai-
+il
19. 2t
k 2
m
20. Repeat the previous exercise if the angle between each pair of springs is 120 initially.
l< + l-n n + i- il-i+ +ii 120 ti -i lzn z- +i <iti:
20. 2t
k 3
m 2
21. The springs shown in the figure are all unstretched in the beginning when a man starts pulling the block. The
man exerts a constant force F on the block. Find the amplitude and the frequency of the motion of the block.
+i: l- ni + +i ii--i zi +-i t -i l-zi n <lzi- =n-- l-n. i-i n l-i ii-i t: l-il- n
t l+- ni + (+ l-- n F nni-i t ni+ +i nl- +i ~iin -ii ~il- ai- +il
21.
1 3 3 2 2 1
3 2
k k k k k k
) k k ( F
+ +
+
,
t 2
1
) k k ( M
k k k k k k
3 2
1 3 3 2 2 1
+
+ +
22. Find the elastic potential energy stored in each spring shown in figure, when the block is in equilibrium. Also
find the time period of vertical oscillation of the block.
l-zi n <lzi- ni + =i-i-ii n t. + l- n n =l-- i-i l-il- -i ai- +il
22.
1
2 2
k 2
g M
,
2
2 2
k 2
g M
and
3
2 2
k 2
g M
from above, time period = 2t
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
3 2 1
k
1
k
1
k
1
M
23. The string, the spring and the pulley shown in figure are light. Find the time period of the mass m.
l-zi n ii. l- n -ii li-i -n <ni- +i t m < ni- +i ~i- +in ai- +il
23. 2t
k
m
Page # 24
24. Solve the previous problem if the pulley has a moment of inertia I about its axis and the string does not slip
over it.
lzn z- +i tn +il. l< li-i +i :=+i ~-i + l- ~iii I t -ii ii := l+=n-i -ti
t
24. 2t
k
) r / m (
2
I +
25. Consider the situation shown in figure. Show that if the blocks are displaced slightly in opposite directions
and released, they will execute simple harmonic motion. Calculate the time period.
l-zi n <lzi- -ii l-i +il l< ni+i +i li- l<zii~i n ii i =i l-iil- ++ zi l<i -i
+- +il l+ =n ~i- nl- +n ~i-+in +i ni-i +il
25. 2t
k 2
m
26. A rectangular plate of sides a and b is suspended from a ceiling by two parallel strings of length L each
(figure). The separation between the strings is d. The plate is displaced slightly in its plane keeping the
strings tight. Show that it will excute simple harmonic motion. Find the time period.
z- = n-i t: <i =ni-i -i ili = (+ ~i-i+i -n n+i: ni t. :=+i i i( a -ii b t + i i
+i n-i: L t ili + i- +i <i d t ili +i --i t~i i- t( -n +i :=+ -n n iii =i l-iil-
l+i i-i t +- +il l+ t =n ~i- nl- +ni ~i-+in ai- +il
26. 2p
g
L
27. A 1 kg block is executing simple harmonic motion of amplitude 0.1 m on a smooth horizontal surface under
the restoring force of a spring of spring constant 100 N/m. Ablock of mass 3 kg is gently placed on it at the
instant it passes through the mean position. Assuming that the two blocks move together, find the frequency
and the amplitude of the motion.
100 -- ni. n l--i+ ini l-n + i-- n + ii n (+ l-+-i -il- =-t ii t~i 1 l+ni
<ni- +i ni+ =n ~i- nl- + ti t t ni l-il- = n-i t. :=+ - (+ 3 l+ni <ni-
+i ni+ ii = i l<i i-i t t ni-- t( l+ <i-i ni+ (+ =ii nl- +- t. nl- +i ~il- ( ~iin
ai- +il
27.
t 2
5
Hz, 5 cm
28. The left block in figure moves at a speed v towards the right block placed in equilibrium. All collisions to take
place are elastic and the surface are frictionless. Showthat the motions of the two blocks are periodic. Find
the time period of these periodic motions. Neglect the widths of the blocks.
l-zi n <lzi- ii ni+. =i-i-ii n l-i- <i ni + +i ~i v -in = nl-ziin t ti- ini =n-- ++
i-i t -ii =-t iii lt- t +- +il l+ <i-i ni+i +i nl- ~i-i tini :-+i ~i-i nl-i +i
~i- +in ai- +il . ni +i +i -i i: i -n ni- nil
Page # 25
28.
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ t
v
L 2
k
m
29. Find the time period of the motion of the particle shown in figure. Neglect the small effect of the bend near the
bottom.
l-zi n <lzi - +i +i nl- +i ~i-+in ai- +il < + l-+ ni +i ii -n ni- nil
29. ~ 0.73 s
30. All the surfaces shown in figure are frictionless. The mass of the car is M, that of the block is m and the
spring has spring constant k. Initially, the car and the block are at rest and the spring is stretched through a
length x
0
when the system is released. (a) Find the amplitudes of the simple harmonic motion of the block
and of the car as seen from the road. (b) Find the time period (s) of the two simple harmonic motions.
l-zi n <lzi- =n-- =-t ii i lt- t +i +i <ni- M, ni + +i <ni- m -ii l- n +i l- n l--i+
k t i-i n l-+i +i n+- l+i ni +i -ii ni + lini-ii n t ( l-n x
0
n-i: = ii-i t:
t (a)= + = <i- ni + -ii +i + ~iini +i ni- ai- +il (b) <i-i =n ~i- nl-i +i ~i-+in
(+ ~i- +in) ai- +il
30. (a)
m M
Mx
0
+
,
m M
mx
0
+
(b) 2t
) m M ( k
mM
+
31. A uniform plate of mass Mstays horizontally and symmetricaly on two wheels rotating in opposite directions
(figure). The separation between the wheels is L. The friction coefficient between each wheel and the plate is
. Find the time period of oscillation of the plate if it is slightly displaced along its length and released.
ll- l<zii~i n i li- <i lti M< ni- +i (+ =n -n -i l- = ii t: t lt + n ~ -in
Lt + lt -ii -n + n iii nii+ t l< -n +i :=+i n-i: + ~-l<zi ii i =i l-iil-
++ zi l<i i -i :=+ <i n- +i ~i-+in ai- +il
31. 2t
g 2
32. Apendulumhaving time period equal to two seconds is called a seconds pendulum. Those used in pendulum
cl ocks are of thi s type. Find the length of a seconds pendulum at a pl ace where
g = t
2
m/s
2
.
<i = + ~i- +in ini nini+. '' = + nin+ '' +tni-i t ili n := +i + ni n+ +- l+ i-
t l< l+=i -ii- g = t
2
m/s
2
t. ti =+ ni n+ +i n-i: ai- +il
32. 1 m
33. The angle made by the string of a simple pendulum with the vertical depends on time as u =
90
t
sin [ t s
1
)
t]. Find the length of the pendulum if g = t
2
m/s
2
.
=n ni n+ +i i i +i -i i = +i i u, =n u, =
90
t
sin [ t s
1
) t] + ~- =i l-i +-i t l< g
Page # 26
= t
2
m/s
2
t -i ni n+ +i n-i: ai- +il `
33. 1m
34. The pendulumof a certain clock has time period 2.04 s. Howfast or slowdoes the clock run during 24 hours ?
l+=i llzi ii + nin+ +i ~i-+in 2.04=. t 24 i z-i- t l+=i - ~ii iini -nni ?
34. 28.8 minutes slow
35. A pendulum clock giving correct time at a place where g = 9.8 m/s
2
is taken to another place where it loses
24 seconds during 24 hours. Find the value of g at this new place.
l+=i -ii- ti g = 9.8 m/s
2
t ni n+ i =ti =n <zii -i t :=+i l+=i ~- -ii- n i- t
24 i i n 24 = + iz t i-i t := - -ii- g +i ni- ai- +il
35. 9.795 m/s
2
36. A simple pendulum is constructed by hanging a heavy ball by a 5.0 m long string. It undergoes small
oscillations. (a) How many oscillations does it make per second ? (b) What will be the frequency if the
system is taken on the moon where acceleration due to gravitation of the moon is 1.67 m/s
2
.
(+5.0 mn-i ii = (+ iii n< n+i+ =n nin+ -ii ni t t ~- ~iin + <in- + ti t
(a) t l- = + l+-- <i n- + ni ? (b) l< := l-+i +i --< ni n ii i ti n i i +i
ni- 1.67 m/s
2
t . :=+i ~i l- l+--i ti ni `
36. (a) 0.70/t (b) 1/(2t/
3
) Hz
37. The maximum tension in the string of an oscillating pendulum is double of the minimum tension. Find the
angular amplitude.
<in- + t (+ nin+ +i ii n ~li+-n --i. :=+ ---n --i +i <n-i t +iii ~iin ai- +il
37. cos
1
(3/4)
38. Asmall block oscillates back and forth on a smooth concave surface of radius R(figure). Find the time period
of small oscillation.
Rlzii +i (+ l-+-i ~-n =-t (+ zii ni+ ~iniz <in- + ti t (l-zi) ~- ~iin + <in-i
+i ~i-+in ai- l+l
38. 2t g / R
39. A spherical ball of mass m and radius r rolls without slipping on a rough concave surface of large radius R. It
makes small oscillations about the lowest point. Find the time period.
t - ~li+ lzii R+i (+ i<i ~-n =-t m<ni- +i nini+i n < l-i l+=n nc + ti t t
l----n l-< + ~i=i= ~- ~iin + <in- + ti t ~i-+in ai- +il
39. 2t
g 5
) r R ( 7
40. Asimple pendulum of length 40 cm is taken inside a deep mine. Assume for the time being that the mine is
1600 km deep. Calculate the time period of the pendulum there. Radius of the earth = 6400 km.
40 =ni n-i (+ =n nin+. nti ii- + ~-< n ii i-i t +z =n + ln ni- nil l+ ii- +i
nti: 1600 l+ni t ti nin+ + ~i-+in +i ni-i +il i +i lzii = 6400 l+ni
40. 1.47 s
41. Assume that a tunnel is dug across the earth (radius = R) passing through its centre. Find the time a particle
takes to cover the length of the tunnel if (a) it is projected into the tunnel with a speed of gR (b) it is released
from a height R above the tunnel (c) it is thrown vertically upward along the length of tunnel with a speed of
gR .
ni- nil l+ i (lzii = R) + ~ii (+ = n ii <i n: t i +-< = ti + n -i t = n +i =-i
n-i: - +- n l+=i +i +i nn- ini =n ai- +il . l< (a) :=+i =n n gR -in = -il- l+i
i (b) :=+i = n + - R--i: = zi i i (c) :=+i = n +i n-i: + ~-l<zi - +i ~i gR -in
Page # 27
= -il- l+i i
41.
2
t
g
R
in each case
42. Assume that a tunnel is dug along a chord of the earth, at a perpendicular distance R/2 from the earths
centre where R is the radius of the earth. The wall of the tunnel is frictionless. (a) Find the gravitational force
exerted by the earth on a particle of mass m placed in the tunnel at a distance x fromthe centre of the tunnel.
(b) Find the component of this force along the tunnel and perpendicular to the tunnel. (c) Find the normal
force exerted by the wall on the particle. (d) find the resultant force on the particle. (e) Showthat the motion
of the particle in the tunnel is simple harmonic and find the time period.
ni- nil l+ i + +-< = R/2 n-- <i l-i-. ii + ~-l<zi (+ =n ii<i i-i t. ti Ri
+i lzii t (a) = n + +-< = x < i l-i- m< ni- + +i i + +ii nn- in n i n
+i ni- ai- +il (b) = n + ~-l<zi ( =n + n-- := n + i+ ai- +il (c) <ii ,ii +i
nnii ni ~lin-- n ai- l+l (d)<ii liini n ai- +il (e) +- +il l+ =n n
+i +i nl- =n ~i-i t. :=+i ~i-+in ii ai- +il
42. (a)
3
R
GMm
4 / R x
4 2
+
(b)
3
R
GMm
x,
2
R 2
GMm
(c)
2
R 2
GMm
, (d)
3
R
GMm
x (e) 2t
) GM /( R
3
43. Asimple pendulum of length is suspended through the ceiling of an elevator. Find the time period of small
oscillations if the elevator (a) is going up with an acceleration a
0
(b) is going down with an acceleration a
0
and
(c) is moving with a uniform velocity.
(+ ln+ +i z- = n-i: +i =n nin+ n+ii ni t ~- ~iin + <in-i +i ~i-+in ai- +il.
l< ln+ (a) - +i ~i a
0
i = nl-ziin t (b) -i- +i ~i a
0
i = nl-ziin t. -ii (c) (+ =ni- n
= nl-ziin t
43. (a) 2t
0
a g +
(b) 2t
0
a g
(c) 2t
g
44. Asimple pendulumof length 1 feet suspended from the ceiling of an elevator takes t/3 seconds to complete
one oscillation. Find the acceleration of the elevator.
(+ ln+ +i z- = n+ii ni 1 + n-i: +i =n ni n+ t/3 =+ n (+ <i n- i + n-i t ln+
+i i ai- +il
44. 4 feet/s
2
upwards
45. A simple pendulum fixed in a car has a time period of 4 seconds when the car is moving uniformly on a
horizontal road. When the accelerator is pressed, the time period changes to 3.99 seconds. Making an
approximate analysis, find the acceleration of the car.
(+ +i +i z- = n+i n =n nin+ +i ~i-+in4 =+ t. l+ +i -il- =+ (+ =ni-
= nl-ziin t (+=in <ii i-i t :=+i ~i-+in ll-- ti+ 3.99 =+ ti i-i t ~-nil--
lznii ++. +i +i i ai- +il
45. g/10
46. A simple pendulum of length is suspended from the ceiling of a car moving with a speed v on a circular
horizontal road of radius r. (a) Find the tension in the string when it is at rest with respect to the car. (b) Find
the time period of small oscillation.
r lzii +i (+ -il- -ii+i =+ (+ +i v -in = nl-ziin t. :=+i z- = n-i: +i (+ =n ni n+
n+ii ni t (a) t +i + =i -i l-i t . i i n --i ai- +il (b) ~- ~iin in <in-i +i
~i-+in ai- +il
46. (a) ma (b) 2t
a /
where a =
2 / 1
2
2
r
v
g
(
+
47. The ear-ring of a lady shown in figure. has a 3 cmlong light suspension wire. (a) Find the time period of small
oscillations if the lady is standing on the ground. (b) The lady now sits in a merry-go-round moving at 4 m/s
in a circle of radius 2 m. Find the time period of small oscillations of the ear-ring.
l-zi n <lzi- -zii + +i- +i nn+ n 3 =ni n-i (+ t-+i -i t (a) l< -zii ni- ii t: t -i ~-
~iin + <i n-i +i ~i- +in ai- l+l (b) l< t -zii '' n inii-'' n a i-i t i 4 ni.
= -in = -n ti t nn+ + ~- ~iin + <in-i +i ~i-+in ai- +il
Page # 28
47. (a) 0.34s (b) .30 s
48. Find the time period of small oscillations of the following systems. (a) Ametre stick suspended through the
20 cm mark. (b) A ring of mass m and radius r suspended through a point on its perphery. (c) A uniform
square plate of edge a suspended through a corner. (d) Auniform disc of mass m and radius r suspended
through a point r/2 away from the centre.
l--- l-+ii + ln ~- ~iin + <i n-i +i ~i- +in ai- +il (a)ni ni-i l= 20 = ni l--t
n+ii ni t (b) r lzii m<ni- ini n. l= :=+i lli l-i- l-< = n+ii ni t (c) a
ii ini =n ni +i l +i l= (+ +i- = n+ii ni t (d) m < ni- -ii r lziiini (+ -+-i
l= + -< = r/2 < i l-i- l-< = n+ii ni t
48. (a) 1.51 s (b) 2t
g
r 2
(c) 2t
g 3
a 8
(d) 2t
g 2
r 3
49. A uniform rod of length is suspended by an end and is made to undergo small oscillations. Find the length
of the simple pendulum having the time period equal to that of the rod.
n-i: +i (+ =n z +i (+ l= = n+i + ~- ~iin + <in- +i i- t -= =n nin+ +i
n-i: ai- +il l=+i ~i-+in z + ~i-+in + -- t
49. 2/3
50. A uniform disc of radius r is to be suspended through a small hole made in the disc. Find the minimum
possible time period of the disc for small oscillations. What should be the distance of the hole from the
centre for it to have minimum time period ?
r lzii +i (+ =n -+-i n (+ lz< ++. :== -+-i +i n+ii i-i t ~- ~iin + <in-i + ln
-+-i +i ---n =-i ~i- +in ai- +il - --n ~i-+in + ln lz< +i + -< = < i l+--i ti ni`
50. 2t
g
2 r
, r/
2
51. Ahollowsphere of radius 2 cmis attached to an 18 cm long thread to make a pendulum. Find the time period
of oscillation of this pendulum. How does it differ from the time period calculated using the formula for a
simple pendulum ?
ni n+ -i- + ln 2 = ni lzii +i (+ ii ini ni ni. 18 = ni n- iin = i i ni t := ni n+ +i ~i-+in
ai- +il t =n nin+ +i ~i- +in + = zi +i =ti-i = +i n: ni-i = l+= +i l--- tini `
51. 0.89 s, it is about 0.3% larger than the calculated value
52. A closed circular wire hung on a nail in a wall undergoes small oscillations of amplitude 2 and time period
2s. Find (a) the radius of the circular wire, (b) the speed of the particle farthest away from the point of
suspnsion as it goes through its mean position, (c) the acceleration of this particle as it goes through its
mean position and (d) the acceleration of this particle when it is at an exetreme position. Take g = t
2
m/s
2
.
<ii nni t: +in = n+ii ni (+ -< -ii+i -i 2 ~iin -ii 2 =.~i-+in + <in- + ti t
ai- +il (a) -ii+i -i +i lzii (b) t ni l-il- = n-i t. -i l-n-- l-< = =ili+ < i in
+i +i -in(c) := +i +i i t ni l-il- = n-i t -ii (d) t -n l-il- n ti-i t -i :=
+i +i i g = t
2
m/s
2
ni- nil
52. (a) 50 cm (b) 11 cm/s
(c) 1.2 cm/s
2
towards the point of suspension (d) 34 cm/s
2
towards the mean position
53. a uniform disc of mass m and radius r is suspended through a wire attached to its centre. If the time period
of the torsional oscillations be T, what is the torsional constant of the wire.
m < ni- r lzii ini (+ =n -+-i. :=+ +-< = t( -i = n+ii ni t l< := nii <i n+
+i ~i- +in T t . -i -i +i ( a- l+--i t `
Page # 29
53.
2
2 2
T
mr 2t
54. Two small balls, each of mass mare connected by a light rigid rod of length L. The systemis suspended from
its centre by a thin wire of torsional constant k. The rod is rotated about the wire through an angle u
0
and
released. Find the tension in the rod as the system passes through the mean position.
<i zii n<. + +i < ni- m t. L n-i: +i (+ t-+i ( < c z + l= t ( t := l-+i +i + -<
= . k (a- in -i = n+ii ni t z +i -i + il- u
0
+ii = ini+ zi l<i i-i t l-+i
ni l-il- = n -i t. z n --i ai- +il
54.
2 / 1
2 2
2
4
0
2
g m
L
k
(
(
+
u
55. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic motions of same time period in the same direction. The
amplitude of the first motion is 3.0 cm and that of the second is 4.0 cm. Find the resultant amplitude if the
phase difference between the motions is (a) 0, (b) 60, (c) 90.
(+ +i (+ +i l<zii n =ni- ~i-+in ini <i =n ~i- nl-i ~ii l- +i i-i t in nl- +i
~i-+in3.0 =ni -ii <=i +i 4.0 =ni t liini ~iin ai- +il. l< nl-i + n +ni-- t (a) 0,
(b) 60, (c) 90.
55. (a) 7.0 cm (b) 6.1 cm (c) 5.0 cm
56. Three simple harmonic motions of equal amplitudes Aand equal time periods in the same direction combine.
The phase of the second motion is 60 ahead of the first and the phase of the third motion is 60 ahead of the
second. Find the amplitude of the resultant motion.
(+ ti l<zii n =ni- ~iinA-ii =ni- ~i-+in ini -i- ~i- nl-i =il- +i i-i t <=i nl- in
+i -n-i n +ni n 60 +ii = ~in t -ii -i=i nl-. <=i +i -n-i n +ni n 60 +ii = ~in t liini
nl- +i ~iin ai- +il
56. 2 A
57. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic motions given by
x
1
= 2.0 sin (100 tt) and x
2
= 2.0 sin (120 t t + t/3)
where x is in centimeter and t in second. Find the displacement of the particle at (a) t = 0.0125, (b) t = 0.025.
(+ ~ii l- <i =n ~i- nl-i l---i- =i nl- +i ~iin ai- +il
x
1
= 2.0 sin (100 tt) -ii x
2
= 2.0 sin (120 t t + t/3)
ti x = ni n -ii t = + n t +i +i l-ii- ai- +il (a) t = 0.0125, (b) t = 0.025.
57. (a) 2.41 cm (b) 0.27 cm
58. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic motions, one along the X-axis and the other on a line making
an angle of 45 with the X-axis. The two motions are given by
x = x
0
sinet and s = s
0
sin et
Find the amplitude of the resultant motion.
(+ +i <i =n ~i-nl-i ~iil- +i i-i t. (+X-~-i + ~-l<zi -ii <=i X-~-i = 45 +ii -i-
ini ii + ~- l<zi <i -i nl-i
x = x
0
sinet and s = s
0
sin et
,ii +- +i i-i t liini nl- +i ~iin ai- +il
58.
| |
2 / 1
0 0
2
0
2
0
s x 2 s x + +

Simple Harmonic Motion

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Simple Harmonic Motion

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Chapter # 12 Simple Harmonic Motion

sinet). The motion of the particle is

sinet) ,ii + l+i i-i t +i +i nl- t

l+=i =n ~i-i nl- n l--- n = +i-=i ilzii =< +iin+ ti -i t

l+=i =n ~i-i nl- n l--- n = +i -=i ilzii =< i-in+ ti -i t

l+=i =n ~i- nl- n l--- n = +i-=i ilzii =< zi- ti-i t

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