S.S.

7 TH STD MCQ

1. When it is a day time in India,in which of the following Countries, it will be a night ?
A. Australia B. South Africa C. J apan D. Canada
2. I n which direction does the Earth rotate on its axis?
A.West to East B. East to West C. North to South D. South to North
3. Earth experiances day and night because......
A. The sun rotates on its axis.
B. The earth rotates on its axis.
C. The sun revolves around the earth.
D. The earth revolves around the sun.
4. Seasons occur on the earth, because.......
A. The sun revolves around the earth .
B. The sun rotates on its axis.
C. The earth revolves around the sun.
D. The earth rotates on its axis.
5. What angle does the earth make with its axis ?
A. 45.5degree B. 66.5degree C. 90degree
D. 23.5degree
6. What angle does the earth make with its orbit ?
A. 66.5degree B. 45.5degree C. 23.5degree
D. 90degree
7. On 21st J une , on which latitude do the sunrays fall straight ?
A. On the Tropic of Capricorn B. On the Arctic Circle C. On the Equator D. On the Tropic
of Cancer
8. On 22nd December, on which latitude do the sunrays fall straight ?
A. On the Equator B. On the Tropic of Capricorn
C. On the Tropic of Cancer D.On the Antarctic circle
9. Whose help is required to take decision and do the works of people for every nation ?
A. Citizens ' Unions B. National Leaders
C. The government D. Magistrates
10. Who resolves economic and social problems ?
A. Ladies ' Unions B. The government
C. Economics D. Prime Minister
11. Which body of the government functions to frame laws ?
A. Executive Committee B. Ministry
C. Police Department D. Legislative Assembly
12. Who from the following , is the part of State Government ?
A. Prime Minister B. Governor C. President
D. Chief J ustice
13. What is the lower house of Legislative Assembly called ?
A. Legislative Assembly B. Lower house of Parliament C. Legislative Council D. Upper
house of Parliament
14. What is the upper house of Legislative Assembly called ?
A. Lower house of Parliament B. Legislative Assembly C. Upper house of Parliament
D. Legislative Council
15. Which Emperor ruled over I ndia till the end of the sixth century ?
A. Lichchhavi B. Kushan C. Gupta.
16. After the death of which emperor did feudal lords and chieftains become independent
rulers ?
A. Emperor Harshavardhana B. Emperor Samundragupta C. Emperor Kanishka D.
Empero r Chandragupta Maurya
17. Who is considered to be a powerful ruler of Kanauj after Emperor Harshavardhan ?
A.Yashoverma B. Mihirbhoj. C.Prithviraj chauhan,D Kanishka-I
18. Which town was made the capital after establishing rule in Ajmer by the rulers of
Chauhan dynasty ?
A. Delhi b Ujjain, c Kanauj, d J aipur.

19. Which King of Pallava dynasty is considered to be a powerful King ?

A. Narsinhverma B Govindverma, c Yashoverma. D Mahendraverma.
20. Rulers of which dynasty invaded Ceylon
(Sri Lanka)?
A. Chola b Chera C Paandya, d Pallava
21. Rulers of which dynasty had powerful
Naval army ?
A. Chola B Pallava, c Pandya.D Chalukya.
22. Which was the capital of Chola dynasty?
A.Tanjor , B Ajmer, C Kanauj D Ujjain.
23. Which town was found by Ajayraj, a ruler of Shakambhari state ?
Ans. Ajaymeru B Ajayraj C Ajaypur D Ajaypuri.

24. Who composed the famous Epic 'PRI THVI RAJ RAO' ?
Ans. Chand bardi B,Poet J aydev, C Somdev D Amir Khushro.
25. Which was the capital of Kalchuris Chedi state ?
Ans. A Vaatapi B Triputi(Presently Tewar) C Shakambhari,D Tanjor.
26. Which dynasty ruled over Unhilpur Patan during Medieval age ?
Ans. Chavda Dynasty B Vaghela dynasty C Parmar dynasty D Chauhan dynasty.
27. Which dynasty did a ruler Govind II I belong to?
Ans. A Rashtrakut dynasty, B Chola dynasty, C Paandya dynasty. D Chalukya dynasty.
28. Women of which dynasty had the rule in their hands ?
Ans. Paandya dynasty B .Pallava dynasty C Chera dynasty D Chola dynasty.
29. What was the other name of Chera state ?
Ans. Keral b.Madura C Rashtra D. Tirunelvelli.
30. Who was the powerful ruler of Chera state ?
Ans. Athan I I b Ajayraj C Settungvan, D. Athan I
31. Which body of the government executes laws ?
Ans. Executive Committee b. J udiciary C. Police department, d. Legislative Assembly.
32. I n which direction is the Pole Star seen?
A. South
B. North
C. West
D. East
33. The Imaginary lines drawn in which direction of the globe are called longitudes>
A.North-South
B.North-East
C.West-East
D.East-South
34. Which longitudes is called International Date line?
A. 82.5
B. 90
C. 360
D. 180
35. Which is the biggest clock of the world?
A. Stars
B. Constellations
C. Sun
D. Moon
36. How many longitudes are there?
A. 180
B. 270
C. 360
D. 90
37. How much time does one longitudes take to pass in front of sun?
A. 4 Minutes
B. 16 Minutes
C. 1 Hour
D. 24 Hours
38. What is the time of all places on the longitudes when that longitudes comes opposites the
sun?
A. 6:00 in the morning
B. 11:00 at noon
C. 6:00 in the evening
D. 12:00 at noon
39. Through which city does our standard meridian pass?
A. Amritsar
B. Kolkata
C. Gandhinagar
D. Allahabad.
40. In which direction of Asia is India located?
A. North B. East C. South D. West
41. Which country is located to the north-west border of India?
A. China B. Myanmar C. Pakistan D. Bangladesh
42. Which country is located to the south of India?
A. Sri Lanka B. Afghanistan C. Myanmar D. Bangladesh
43. Which position does India hold in the world in terms of area?
A. Eighth B. Seventh C. Fifth D. Tenth
44. Which tropic passes almost through the middle of India?
A. Arctic Circle B. Tropic of Cancer C. Equator D. Tropic of Capricorn
45. Into how many physiographic divisions can India be divided?
A. Four B. Three C. Seven D. Five
46. By which name is the Himalayan Range towards India known?
A. Shivalik Range B. Lesser Himalayas C. Greater Himalayas D. Central
Himalayas
47. What is the height in meters of Mt. Godwin Austin (K2)?
A.6590 B. 7835 C. 8611 D. 8918
48. What is the height in meters of Mt. Everest?
A. 8848 B. 4881 C. 8153 D. 8598
49. Which of the following rivers starts from Himalayas?
A. Godavari B. Mahanadi C. Kaveri D. Ganga
50. Which city is located on the banks of Yamuna river?
A. Kolkata B. Lucknow C. Agra D. Patna
51. Which of the following hill station is located in the Deccan plateau?
A. Shimla B. Mahabaleshwar C. Gulmarg D. Almoda
52. Which of the following city is located in the Deccan plateau?
A. Allahabad B. Hyderabad C. Varanasi D. Patna
53. Which of the following ports is located on the western coast of India?
A. Vishakhapatnam B. Chennai C. Machilipatnam D. Kandla
54. Which of the following ports is located on the eastern coast of India?
A. Mangalore B. Vishakhapatnam C. Marmagao D. Kandla
55. How long is the Indian sea coast?
A. 7517 Km B. 6100 Km C. 6800Km D. 7200 Km
56. Who was the first Muslim ruler of India?
(a)Altamash (b)Shahbuddin (c)Iltutmish (d)Qutub-ud-din-Aibak
57. Who is considered to be the real founder of Ghulam dynasty?
(a)Shahbuddin Ghori (b)Qutub-ud-din-aibak (c)Iltutmish (d)mohammed ghori
58. In which yearn Nasiruddin came to the throne of Delhi?
(a)In 1236 AD (b) In 1246 AD (c) In 1206 AD (d)In 1295 AD
59.Who founded Khilji dynasty in Delhi?
(a)Nariruddin (b)Gyasuddin (c)Alauddin (d)Jalaluddin
60. In which year did Alauddin khilji came to the throne of Delhi?
(a)In 1246 AD (b) In 1295 AD (c)In 1298 AD (d)In 1289 AD
61. Who founded Tughlaq dynasty in Delhi?
(a)Gyasuddin (b) Alauddin (c) MohammedTughlaq (d)Jalaluddin
62. Which sultan took away plenty of wealth to Delhi from Devgiri?
(a)Mohammed Tughlaq (b)Alauddin Khilji (c)GyasuddinTughlaq (d)JalauddinKhilji
63.On the bank of which river was Vijaynagar founded?
(a)Krushna (b)Tungbhadra (c)Bhima (d)Hagri
64. Which king had good relations with the Portugese/the Europeans?
(a)Hariharrai (b)Bukkarai (c)Krushnadevrai (d)ramrai
65. What name did Hasan give to his royal dynasty as soon as he became a sultan?
(a)Khiraj (b)Saiyad (c)firozi (d)bahamani
66. Who founded Saiyad dynasty in delhi?
(a)Bahalol (b)Firoz khan (c)khijra Khan (d)Ibrahim lodi
67. In which year did bahalol found lodi dynasty in Delhi?
(a)In 1526 AD (b) In 1495 AD (c) In 1485 AD (d) In 1451 AD
68. Who invaded Delhi in 1526 AD?
(a)Taimur (b)Babur (c)Chingiz Khan (d)Ibrahim lodi
69. Who founded Mughal dynasty in Delhi?
(a)Babur (b) Humayun (c) Jehangir (d)Akbar
70. How many seats (electoral constituencies)of Legislative Assembly are in Gujarat?
(a) 180 (b) 158 (c) 182 (d) 183
71. Who appoints the Chief Minister of a state?
(a) Governor (b) President (c) Opposition Party (d) Speaker
72. Which one of the following is another organ of the government?
(a) Legislative Council (b) Legislative Assembly (c) Judiciary
(d) Executive Committee
73. Who is the constitutional head of state?
(a)Chief Minister (b) President (c) Governor (d) Chief Justice
74. Whose sanction is required for financial draft of state?
(a) Of Chief Minister (b) Of Governor (c) Of President (d) Of Finance
Minister
75. Who sanctions the budget of the state?
(a) Legislative Assembly (b) Finance Minister (c) Chief Minister
(d) Governor
76. Who is the administrative head of the cabinet (ministry)?
(a) Governor (b) Chief Minister (c) Speaker (d) Deputy Speaker
77. Who does reformation of cabinet (ministry)?
(a) President (b) Speaker (c) Governor (d) Chief Minister
78. Who frames the policy for the works to be carried out for state?
(a) Ministry (b) Legislative Assembly (c) Judiciary
(d) Chief Minister
79. How many States are there in India ?
(a) 26 (b) 27 (c)28 (d)29
80. How many total subjects are included in the Union List?
(a) 97 (b) 66 (c) 87 (d) 47
81. How many total subjects are included in the State List?
(a)47 (b) 51 (c) 55 (d) 66
82. How many total subjects are included in the Combined list?
(a) 52 (b) 47 (c) 62 (d) 28
83. Which of the following subjects are included in the Union list?
(a) Protection of nation (b) Forests (c) Agriculture (d) Hereditary matters
84. Which of the following subjects is not included in the Union list?
(a)Insurance services (b) Elections (c) Railway (d) Agriculture
85. Which of the following subjects are included in the State List?
(a)Employment (b) Marriage and Divorce
(c) Local self- government institutions (d) Telegram and Mail
86. Which of the following subjects is not included in the State List?
(a) Education (b) Health (c) Forests (d) Industries
87. Which of the following subjects are included in the Combined list?
(a) Health (b) Industries (c) Co-operation (d) Marine services
88. Which of the following subjects is not included in the Combined list?
(a) Industries (b) Air services (c) Employment (d) Electricity
89. Who manages the constituencies of Legislative Assembly?
(a) Chief Minister (b) Law Minister (c) Governor (d) Speaker

BLANKS
1.The earth completes one rotation on its axis in 24
hours.
2.The earth takes 365/366 days to complete one revolution around the sun.
3.The earth revolves around the sun at the speed of 1780 km per minute.
4.The earth rotates on its axis at the equator at 1670 per hour.
5.The earth,sun,moon and other stellar bodies are element in the universe.
5. The movement of the earth on its axis is called rotation of the earth
6. Day/night happen due to the rotational movement earth.
7.Change of seasons happen due to the revolutionary movement of the earth.
8.The path along which the earth moves around the sun is called orbit of the earth.
9.Season happen due to the revolution of the earth.
10.On 21 June , the sunrays fall straight over the Tropic of cancer.
11.On 22 December the sunrays fall straight over the tropic of Capricorn.
12.Between 21st march to 23rd September it is summer northern hemisphere and winter in
southern hemisphere.
13.The sun is seen at even 12 midnight in Norway country of Europe.
14.Government frames laws and execute them.
15.The government does public welfare work.
16.The government work at state level is called state government.
17.The government working at national level is called central government or union government.
18.Judiciary penalises law breakers or punishes them.
19.We have federal government in India.
20.Central government or union government does administration of entire India.
21.Regional [state]legislative Assembly has lower or upper houses.
22.The upper house of legislative assembly is called legislative council.
23.The lower house of legislative assembly is called legislative assembly.
24.In Gujarat we have only legislative assembly.
25. In most of the states of India there is no legislative council.
26.In the end of the seventh century , the unity of political power of Harshvardhan Empire
broke.
27. The period between the eight and twelfth centuries is called early Medieval age.
28. The rulers of Pratihar dynasty of kanauj had saved India from the invasion of Arab .
29.During the rule of king Mihir Bhoj of Pratihar dynasty .he continually kept on fighting
against Rashtrakuts.
30.Ujjain and Dharanagari were the chief towns of Malwa 31. Kailasnath Temple
of kanchi was constructed during Pallava dynasty.
32.In south India , the capital of Chola dynasty was Tanjor.
33.King Raj Raja I of Chola dynasty had started land measuring and local self government.
34. Sambhar lake is to the north of Ajmer.
35.The other name of Prithviraj III was Raypithora .
36.Chand bardai had composed the epic named Prithviraj Raso.
37. Bappa Rawal was the founder of Sisodiya dynasty.
38. In Anhilpurpatan of Gujarat in medieval age , Chavda dynasty Rajputs and solanki dynasty
ruled.
39.Rakstrakut dynasty came to power after the fall of chalukya in south India.
40.The rule of Paandya dynasty was in the hands of women in south India.
41.Tn the stone inscription of Emperor Ashoka kepla putra state ismentioned for keral province.
42.A powerful king named Settungvan ruled in chera .
43.When Rajputs lost hope of winning against enemy in battle field they performed kesariya.
44.When Rajputs became martyrs against enemies in battlefield , their wives [rajputanies]
performed Jauhar.
45. The horizontal imaginary line drawn on the globe are called latitude.
46. The vertical imaginary line drawn on the globe are called longitude.
47.The 0 longitude passing through Greenwich in England is called Greenwich line .
48.0 Longitude passes through Greenwich in England.
49.The 180 longitude is called International-Date line.
50.The International-Date line passes over the Pacific ocean.
51.Time of the Places on the Globe is decided by longitudes.
521.In one hour, 15 longitudes pass by in front of the sun.
53.There is a difference of 4 minutes between two successive longitudes.
54. The time decided according to the Mid-day is called Local time.
55.When the time for the entire nation is decided from the longitude, it is known Standard time.
56.The Standard time of our nation is decided by 82.5 longitude.
57.India is located between 68 and 97 east longitudes.
58.When it is 12 noon in Greenwich, it will be 11:00 in the morning on 15 west longitude.
59.While crossing the 180 longitude, from west to east.
60. Position of India is south in the Asian continent.
61. Myanmar country is located in the east of India.
62. Pakistan country is located in the west of India.
63. China is located in the north of India.
64. Sri Lanka is located in the south of India.
65. Arabian sea lies to the west of India.
66. Indian ocean is located to the south of India.
67. Bay of Bengal is to the east of India.
The Bay of Bengal lies to the east of India.
68. The north- south length of India is about 3214 kilometers
69. The east-west width of India is about 2933 kilometers.
70. The total land area of India is approximately 32,87,263 sq kilometers.
71. There are a total of 29 States and 7 Union Territories in India.
72. The study of various surfaces of the earth (land forms) is called physiography.
73. Himalaya is not one mountain , but it is a series of three mountain ranges.
74. The tallest peak of India is Mt. Godwin Austin (K2).
75. The tallest peak in the world is Mt. Everest.
76. Mt. Everest is a peak of Himalaya ranges.
77. Mt. Everest is located in Nepal.
78. Northern plains are considered to be one of the largest river plains in the world .
79. The Central and Southern plateau of India is surrounded by seas on three sides, so it is
called a peninsula.
80. The Central and Southern plateau of India is also known as Treasury of Minerals.
81. The coastal plain is famous for fishing industry.
82. The land and the surrounded by water from all sides is called an island.
83. The Kachchh desert is a large salt pan (kharapat).
84. Qutub-ud-din Aibak founded Ghulam dynasty in India.
85.Qutub-ud-din Aibakwas the first Muslim ruler of India.
86.Hindu-Muslimstlye of architectureis blended in the construction of Qutub Minar .
87. Iltutmish came to the throne of Delhi after Qutub-ud-din Aibak.
88. Iltutmish is believed to be the real founder of Ghulam dynasty.
89. Raziya sultan was the first female ruler (sultana) sit on the rule over the throne of Delhi
90. Giayas-ud-din balban had worked as vazir (prime minister) of Nasiruddin.
91. Jalaluddinkhilji was the founder of khilji dynasty.
92. Alauddinkhilji had usurped the rule of Delhi from Jalaluddinkhilji
93. Alauddinkhilji had made strong rulers for price-control
94. In the period of GyasuddinTughlaq the mail system named Daakchowki started.
95. In the period of Mohammed Tughlaq,a negro visited from Tanjir named IBN Batuta
visited India.
96. In the period of Mohammed Tughlaq,in south India the Hindu big state
(Maharajya)ofVijaynagar and the state of Bahamanisultan were founded.
97. Mohammed Tughlaq shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad.
98. In the south India Krushnadevrai had canals constructed by the engineer named Yomke.
99. A brave vazir named Mohammed Gavan existed in Bahamani state.
100. During the rule of Tughlaqdynasty,Timur Sultan of Samarkand invaded Delhi.
101. In 1451 AD Bahlol Lodi founded Lodi dynasty in Delhi.
102. In 1526 AD, Babur founded Mughal Empire in Delhi by defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the
battle of Panipat
103. On the bank of Tungabhadra river, Vijaynagar was situated.
104. Amir Khushro was the famous poet of the Alauddin Khilji Royal court.
105. Nasiruddin was enthroned after Raziya sultan.
106. A member of Legislative Assembly is called either M.L.A or Member of the Legislative
Assembly.
107. Member of Legislative Assembly (M.L.A) represents people.
108. The total number of MLAs of Gujarat Legislative Assembly is 182.
109. The strength of Legislative Assembly is decided according to the population in a country.
110. Generally the electon of Legislative Assembly is done every 5 years.
111. The Legislative Assembly House of Gujarat is in Gandhinagar city.
112. The appointment of the governor in a state is done by President.
113. Before presenting a financial bill in the Legislative Assembly, Governors permission is
required.





Ex. True or false
1. The east-west width of India is more than its north-south length. False
2. Our country is the seventh largest country in the world on the basis of area. True
3. Himalaya is not one mountain, but it is a series of three mountain ranges. True
4. Mt. Everest is located in Nepal. True
5. The tallest peak of the Himalayas located in India is Mt K2. True
6. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through India. False
7. The plateau regions of Central and South India are called Treasury of Minerals of India.
True
8. There is sea on the three sides of India. True
9. The eastern coastal plain of India is narrower than the western coastal plain. False
10. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in The Arabian Sea. False
11. Machilipatnam is located in the eastern coastal plain. True
12. The Rann of Kachchh is very sandy. True
13. IN the beginning of the twelfth century the sultanate of Delhi was founded. False
14. In the period of sultanate, Qutub Minar was the capital place. True
15. Raziya was a daughter of Qutub-ud-din Aibak. False
16. Even though Raziya was a women she was accepted as a ruler. False
17. In Daakchowki system of mail postman was called Halkaro. True
18. The negro traveller Ibnabatuta has written about the administration of
MahammedTughlaq In the rule of Mohammed shah,darkness is found everywhere.
False
19. Vidyaranya Swami had inspired Harihar and BukkaTo establish the state of Vijaynagar.
True
20. Vijaynagar was defeated in the battle of Panipat. False
21. Sikandar Lodi was intolerant in the matter of religion. True
22. The election of MLA is done indirectly. False
23. The number of members in Legislative Assembly is decided on the basis of area. False
24. The party that rules is called ruling party. True
25. The Vidhan Sabha building of Gujarat is known as Sardar Vallabhbhai Vidhan Sabha
Gruh. True
26. To present a financial bill in Legislative Assembly, permission of the President is
sought. False
27. The constitutional head of state is called governor. True
28. Chief Minister presents bills in Legislative Assembly. False
29. Chief Minister manages seats of Legislative Assembly. False
MATCH
1. rotation causes - Day and Night
2. revolution causes- seasons .
3. The earth revolves - sun .
4. equal day and night - 21 th march.
5. Midnight sun -norway.
6. Gram panchayat -provides street lights in the villages
7. Taluka Panchayat - constructs roads between two villages
8. district Panchayat - appoints teachers in primary schools .
9. state Goverment -contributes to the local self goverment
10. central goverment - starts new trains between two cities .
11. law farming body 0f goverment- legislative assembly
12. law executive Body of goverment - The executive committee.
13. The lower house of legislative assembly - legistative Assembly .
14. The upper house of legislative assembly Legislative Council.
15. North- south length of India 3214 Kms.
16. East-west width of India- 2933 Kms.
17. Tallest peak of India Godwin Austin (K2).
18. Tallest peak of the world Mt. Everest .
19. Height of kanchenjunga peak 8518 meters.
20. Height of Nanada Devi peak 7817 meters.
21. Height of Badrinath peak 7138 meters.
22. River originating in Himalaya Koshi.
23. A famous city in Deccan plateau Hyderabad.
24. Famous port on the western coast Kandla.
25. Length of Indian sea coast 7517 kms.
26. Famous port on the eastern coast Chennai.
27. I206 AD---Established of Delhi Sultanate
28. 1295 AD---AlauddinKhilji came to the throne of Delhi
29. 1336 AD---Established of Vijaynagar
30. 1451 AD---Established of Lodi dynasty in Delhi
31. 1526 AD---Babur attacked Delhi
32. The first Muslim Ruler of India---Qutub-ud-din Aibak
33. The real founder of Ghulam dynasty---Iltutmish
34. The vazir of nasiruddin---GyasuddinBalban
35. The patroned poet of AlauddinKhilji---Amir Khushro
36. The negro traveller of Tanjir---Ibnabatuta
37. The powerful ruler of Vijaynagar---Krushnadevrai
38. The founder of Saiyad dynasty---Khijra Khan
39. The founder of lodi dynasty---Bahalol
40. Constitutional head of state- Governor.
41. Administrative head of Ministry Chief Minister.
42. One who manages Legislative Assembly Speaker.
43. Member of Legislative Assembly MLA.

SS Lesson 2014
Answer in Short
LESSON2
Q-1 How many types of motions does the Earth show?
Ans. The Earth shows 2 types of motion. They are 1.Rotation 2.Revolution.
Q-2 What is rotation?
Ans. The movement of earth on its own imaginary axis is called rotation.
Q-3 What is revolution?
Ans. The movement of earth around the sun on an imaginary path is called revolution.
Q-4 How much time does the earth take to complete 1 revolution ?
Ans. The earth takes 365 days to complete 1 revolution.
Q-5 What does orbit of the earth mean?
Ans. The earth moves continuosly on this Imaginary path in the space. This path is called
orbit.
Q-6 Why does the distance between the earth and the sun not remain same throughout the
year?
Ans. The distance between the earth and the sun does not remain same throughout the
year because the orbit of the earth is not round but oval or egg shaped or elliptical.
Q-7 At what rate per minute does the earth revolve around the sun?
Ans. The earth revolves around the sun at the rate per 1780 km. per minute.
Q-8 What angle does the earth makes with its axis and with its orbit?
Ans. The earth makes 22.3* with its axis and 66.5* on its orbit.
Q-9 When do sunrays fall straight over the Tropic of Cancer?
Ans. The sunrays fall straight over the Tropic of Cancer on 21
st
June.
Q-10 When do sunrays fall straight over the Tropic of Capricorn?
Ans. The sunrays fall straight over the Tropic of Capricorn on 22
nd
December.
Q-11 Why do the north pole and south pole come in front of the sun alternately?
Ans. The north pole and south pole come in front of the sun alternately because the Earth
revolves around the Sun keeping its axis in the same direction.
Q-12 Which seasons prevail over the northern and the southern hemispheres between 21
st

March and 23
rd
September?
Ans. Between 21
st
March and 23
rd
September the nortern hemisphere experiences summer
while the southern hemisphere experiences winter between 21
st
March and 23
rd
September.
L-3
Q.13. Why does every nation requires a Government?
A.13Every nation requires a government to operate and manage the nation well.
Q.14 On which different levels does the government work?
A.14 The government works on three different levels 1) National level 2) State level 3)
Local level.
Q.15 What is the chief function of the government?
A.15 The chief function of the government is to frame laws, get them executed and make
amendments in law and impart justice.
Q.16 Which body of the government is known as legislative Assembly?
A.16 The body which frames laws is known as Legislative Assembly.
Q.17 Which body of the government is known as Executive Committee?
A.17 The body which executes law framed by Legislative Assembly is known as Executive
Committee.
Q.18 What is the function of Judiciary?
A.18 The function of the judiciary is to punish the offenders.
Q-19What is meant by Federal Government?
A.19 Federal Government means the government at two levels that is National level (Central
Government) and State level (State Government)
Q-20 What is the Government at National Level called?
A.20 The government at the national level is called the Central Government or Union
Government.
Q-21 What is the Government at state level called?
A.21 The government at the State level is called the State Government.
Q22 How many houses are there in the Legislative body? What are they called?
Ans. There are two houses in the Legislative body. They are 1) Legislative Assembly 2)
Legislative Council.

Q23. What is meant by latitude circle?
Ans. The circular line joining the latitude is known as latitude circle.
Q.24 What is meant by longitude circle?
A24. The circular line joining the longitude is known as longitude circle.
Q25. What is latitude?
Ans. The horizontal imaginary line drawn on the globe in East-West direction is called
latitude.
Q26. What is longitude?
Ans. The vertical imaginary lines drawn on the globe in North-South direction are called
longitude.
Q27. Which part of the earth is called the northern hemisphere and which is called the
southern hemisphere?
Ans. The part above the equator in the north is called the northern hemisphere and below in
the south is called southern hemisphere.
Q28. What is known as the Greenwich Line?
Ans. The 0 degree longitude passes through Greenwich of England is known as Greenwich
Line.
Q29.What is the International Date Line?
Ans. 180 degree longitude is known as International Date Line
Q30. How much time does one longitude take to pass completely by the Sun?
Ans. To pass completely by the Sun one longitude of the earth takes 4 minutes.
Q31.What is meant by 0 degree longitude? How is it?
Ans. 0 degree longitude is called Greenwich longitude. It divides the earth into two parts
east and west. East of 0 longitude is called Eastern hemisphere and west of 0 degree
longitude iscalled western hemisphere.
Q32. Which time is considered as the standard time of a country?
Ans. The local time of a centrally located place of a country is considered as the standard
time of a country.
Q.33. From the local time of which city is the standard Time of India decided?
A.ns. The standard Time of India is decided by the local time of 82.5Degree E longitude
which passes from near Allahabad.
Q.34. Which part of earth is called the eastern hemisphere and which is the western
hemisphere?
Ans. Area to the right of 0Degree longitude (Greenwich Line) upto 180 degree longitudes is
the eastern hemisphere and the area to its left from 0degree to 180 degree longitudes is the
western hemisphere.
Q35. Between which longitude is India located?
Ans. India is located in 68 degree east to 97degree east longitude.
Q.36 Over which ocean does the International Date Line pass?
Ans. International Date Line passes over the Pacific Ocean.
Q37. Within which latitudes and longitudes is India located?
Ans. India is located 8.9
o
north latitudes to 37.6
o
north latitudes and 68.7
o
east longitude to
97.25
o
north longitude.
Q38.Which country lies on the north-western boundary of India?
Ans. Country that lies on the north-western boundary of India is Pakistan.
Q39. Which countries are located on the eastern boundary of India?
A 39. Countries that are located on the eastern boundary of India are Bangladesh and
Myanmar.
Q40. What is the north-south length and east-west width of India?
A 40. The north-south length of India is about 3214 kms and the east-west width of India is
about 2933 kms.

Q41. What is the total land area of India?
A41. The total land area of India is about 32,87,263 sq km.
Q42. What is Indias rank in the world in terms of area?
Ans. India is seventh largest country in the world in terms of area.
Q43. What is the geographical shape of India ?
Ans. The geographical shape of India is narrow in the north, broader in the center and it
becomes narrow again in the south.
Q44. How many States and Union Territories are there in India?
Ans. There are 28 States and & Union Territories in India .
Q45. What are the variations in physiography of India?
Ans. The variations in physiography of India are mountain , plateau, plains, deserts, sea
coast, coastal plains etc.
Q46. How many physiographic divisions are there of India? Which are they?
Ans. There are five physiographic divisions in India. They are:- 1. Northern mountain range.
2. Plains of north India. 3. Peninsular plateaus of central and south India. 4. Coastal plains.
5. Archipelagos.
Q47. Into how many divisions is the northern mountainous region divided? Which are they?
Ans. The mountainous region divided into two divisions. They are:- 1. Himalayan mountain
range.
2. Mountainous region of Eastern Himalayas.
Q48. By which names are the Himalayan Ranges known?
Ans. The northern most range towards China is known as The Greater Himalayas , in the
middle The Central Himalayas and the range towards India is called Shivalik Range.
Q49. Which is the tallest peak of India? What is its height?
Ans. The tallest peak of India is Mt. Godwin Austin its height is 8611 metres.
Q50. Which is the most populous and prosperous region of India?
Ans. The most populous and prosperous region of India is the northern plains.
Q51. Which rivers emerge from the Himalayas?
Ans. The rivers that emerge from the Himalayas are Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Sindhu,
Satlej, Gomti, Gandak etc.
Q52. Which are the major lakes of India?
Ans. The major lakes of India are Dal, Wular, sambhar, chilkalake etc.
Q53. Why is the plateau of south India called a Penninsula?
Ans. The plateau of south India is called a Penninsula because it is surrounded by water
from three sides.
Q54. Which are the famous hill stations and important cities of the Deccan plateau?
Ans. The famous hill stations are Ooty, Mahabaleshwar, Matharan, Panchgani and important
cities are Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Mysore etc.
Q55. Which are the important ports and large cities on the eastern coastal plains?
Ans. The important ports and large cities on the eastern coastal plains are Chennai,
Pondicherry, Machlipatnam, Vishakapatnam.
Q56. Which are the important ports and large cities on the western coastal plains?
Ans. The important ports and large cities on the western coastal plains are Kandla, Mumbai,
Mangalore, Calicut and Thiruvanantapuram.
Q57. What is an island?
Ans. The land area surrounded by water from all the sides in the sea is called an island.
Q58. Which islands are a part of India?
Ans. Lakshwadeep and Minikoyna islands are situated in the western side of India in
Arabian sea , Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal in the east of
India are the islands that are part of India .
Q59. Why is the western coastal plains very fertile?
Ans. The western coastal plains are very fertile because it has fond of black soil and
alluminium soil.
Q60. Into how many parts is the Rann of Kachchh divided? Which are they?
Ans. The Rann of Kachchh is divided into two parts. They are the greater Rann and the little
Rann.

Q61. Why the desert in the northern part of Rajasthan become full of greenery?
Ans. The desert in the northern part of Rajasthan become full of greenery due to the water
available for agriculture from Indra Gandhi Canal and of Satlej river.
Q-62 Who founded the Ghulam Dynasty?
Ans. Qutab-Ud-din Aibak founded the Ghulam dynasty.
Q-63 Who was the first muslim ruler in India?
A. Qutub Ud Din-Aibak was the first muslim ruler in India.
Q-64 Who started the construction of Qutub Minar and who had it completed?
A. Qutub-Ud-Din-Aibak had started the construction of Qutub Minar. Then his son-in-law
Iltutmish had completed it.
Q-65 Who is believed to be the real founder of Ghulam Dynasty?
A. Iltutmish is believed to be the real founder of Ghulam Dynasty.
Q-66 Who was the first women ruler to occupy the throne of Delhi?
A. Raziya Sultana was the first women ruler to occupy the throne of Delhi.
Q-67 What has the historian Minhaj-e-Siraj noted about Raziya Sultana?
A. The historian Minhaj-e-siraj noted about Raziya sultana was more efficient and expert in
administration than her brothers. Yet being a lady she was not accepted in as a ruler.
Q-68 Who succeed Raziya on the throne of Delhi? For how many years did he rule?
A. Nasiruddin, the son of Iltutmish followed Raziya on the throne of Delhi. He ruled for 30
years.
Q-69 Which turk race was called Khilji?
A. Turk race that lived at Khilji province of Afghanistan was called Khilji.
Q-70 Who founded the Khilji dynasty on the throne of Delhi?
A. Jalaluddin Khilji founded the Khilji dynasty on the throne of Delhi.
Q-71 Who was Alauddin Khilji? How did he get the rule of Delhi?
A. Allauddin Khilji was both a nephew and son-in-law of Jalaluddin Khilji, a sultan of Delhi.
He had usurped the throne of Delhi from Jalaluddin.
Q-72 In whose period which mail system was started?
A. In the period of Guyasuddin Tughlaq , a sultan of Delhi, mail system named Daak chowki
was started. In this mail system postman called Halkaro carried mail from one village to
another on horse.
Q-73 Which two main schemes were implemented by Mohammad Tughlaq?
A. The two main schemes were implemented by Mohammed Tughlaq were used 1) Shifting of
his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. 2) Currency of copper coins were used instead of silver
coins.
Q-74 Who founded the state of Vijaynagar? With whose inspiration?
A. With the inspiration of Vidyaranya Swami, two brothers Hariharrai and Bukkrai founded
Vijaynagar state.
Q-75 When and where was the state of Vijaynagar founded?
A. In 1336 C.E on the south bank of Tunghabadra river , the state of Vijaynagar was founded.
Q-76 What special provision was made for irrigation by Krushnadevrai?
A. With the help of an engineer named Yomke, Krushnadevarai had constructed the canals in
south India.
Q-77 Which battle brought about the fall of Vijaynagar?
A. The battle of Talikota brought about the fall of Vijaynagar.
Q-78 How was the Bahamani state founded?
A. An intelligent nobleman named Hasan (Gangu) became a sultan of Dakkan and he founded
Bahamani sultanate.
Q-79 In which Independent state Bahamani state split?
A.Bahamani state split in 5 independent state as follows. 1) Bijapur 2) Golkonda 3)
Ahmednagar 4) Berar 5) Bidar.
Q-80 Who founded the mughal empire in India? How?
A. In 1526 A.D King of Kabul named Babur invaded Delhi. Defeated Ibrahim Lodi, a sultan of
Delhi in the battle of Panipat and founded the Mughal empire in India.
Q-81 The sultans of which different Dynasties ascended the throne of Delhi during Delhi
Sultanate?
A. During Delhi sultanate the following dynasties ruled over throne of Delhi : They were
Gulam Dynasty and Lodi Dynasty.
Q-82. Who is called an MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly)?
A. The elected member of Legislative Assembly is called MLA.
Q83. Which party claims the government?
A. After General election the political party that has got majority of elected members in the
Legislative Assembly of the party is elected a member and claim the government.
ANSWER IN DETAIL:
1}Why do days and night become longer and shorter ? Explain with diagram.
Ans: (i) The earth revolves around the sun in its axis inclined at 66.5 degree. So the
northern hemisphere come opposite the sun alternately.
(ii)The hemisphere which is tilted towards the sun gets sunlight for longer there and night is
shorter.
(iii)When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, straight sunrays fall vertically on
the Tropic Of Cancer. So the day is longer there and night is shorter.
(iv) Whereas the day is shorter and the night is longer over the Tropic of Capricorn.
(v)Thus the days and nights are longer and shorter because the earth revolves around its own
axis.
2} How do days and night happen on the earth?
Ans: (i) The earth is round and it keeps rotating on its axis.
(ii) The part of the earth which faces the sun receives sunlight while the other half part of the
earth remains in darkness.
(iii) The part of the earth which faces the sun observes day and the part which is away from the
sun observes night.
3} Why are we not allowed to play loudspeakers at public places after 10 p.m.?
Ans. Generally people go to bed at about 10 p.m. They will get disturbed if the loudspeakers are
played on . So to control the noise pollution, the government has put ban on playing
loudspeakers in public places after 10 p.m.
4} Why are we not allowed to burst fire crackers on public roads?
Ans. (i) Along the public roads, pedestrians and vehicles keep on moving about.
(ii) If crackers are fired on public roads it is feared that vehicles may catch fire and pedestrians
may get physically hurt.
(iii) So for the safety of vehicles and people, the government has put ban on firing the fire
crackers along the public roads.
5} Why should laws be framed?
Ans: (i) Government frames the laws.
(ii) Laws are framed according to the constitution of the nation.
(iii) Similarly the government has the power to execute the law.
(iv) Law is the tool which help the government in expansion and management.
(v) Law is important to maintain peace and order in nation, to protect the freedom of the citizen
and take the nation to the path of progress.
(vi) It is impossible to run a nation without laws. The government acts lawfully. It tries to see
that laws are executed properly.
(vii) Anybody who breaks law is punished or fined.
6} Describe the reforms{improvements} of Allauddin Khilji.
Ans: (i) Allauddin Khilji was an ambitious and efficient ruler.
(ii) He snatched away Delhi from Jalaluddin and became the ruler.
(iii) He was the first ruler to attack South India. His kingdom was totally distorted{destroyed}
after his death.The Khilji dynasty ended with Allauddin Khilji.
(iv) He worked for the welfare of his subjects.Two main reforms are as follows: (i) He framed
strict policy to control prices of goods in his kingdom. (ii) He controlled the interference of
Ulemas and Umraos in administration of his state.
7} Why was Vijaynagar considered as a big state {Maharajya}?
Ans: (i) Vijaynagar state was founded in 1336 A.D. in south of river Tungabhadra.
(ii) Krishnadevraya acquired the throne of Vijaynagar.
(iii) He was a majestic ruler and lover of art and literature.
(iv) So there was progress and development in the fields of Vijaynagar.
(v) Many canals were constructed with the help of engineer Yomke.
(vi) Grand and royal temples, forts were also built by Krishnadevraya in Vijaynagar.
(vii) The grandeur of Vijaynagar appreciation.
(viii) Due to all this Vijaynagar was considered as big city.ss
Q8. Who appoints the governor? For what duration of time?
A8. The President of the nation appoints the Governor of the State after consulting the Prime
Minister. For the duration of 5 years.
Q9. When does a bill become a Law?
A9. Legislative Assembly passes out a bill after the discussion in the meeting. Then it is sent to
the Governor. The Governor signs the bill to be a Law. Then it becomes a Law.

Short notes
1. REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH:
1] The earth on its axis and also revolves around the sun.
2] The movement of the earth around the sun on an imaginary path is called Revolution.
3] This imaginary path is called orbit.
4] The orbit of the earth is not round but oval or elliptical.
5] The earth revolves around the sun at a speed of 1760 km/min.
6] With this speed it takes 365 days to complete one revolution .
7] Different seasons occurs on the earth due to the revolution of the Earth .
[DIAGRAM PAGE 11 2.8 ]

3. THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAIN RANGE:
1. The Himalayan Mountain Range are situated to the north of our country.
2. The range started from the north and Kashmir upto the east of Assam.
3. It is the highest mountain range in the world.
4. There are two divisions (a) Himalayan mountain Range. (b) Mountainous
region.
5. Towards China it is called Greater Himalayas.
6. Mount Godwin Austin is the highest peak in India .
7. Mt. Everest is the highest peak of the world.
4. THE NORTHERN PLAIN OF INDIA :
1. The northern plain is located to the south of northern mountainous region.
2. It is formed by the aluminum deposited by the Himalayan rivers like ganga, Yamuna
etc and they are tributaries .
3. It is considered to be one of the most fertile plains in the world formed by the rivers.
4. It occupies a very large area of north India.
5. That is why this region is very prosperous and densely populated .
6. Some large cities situated in this region are Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi etc.
5. THE RAJASTHAN DESERT:
1. There is a desert in the western part of western Rajasthan in the Aravali Range in
India.
2. This desert is known as the Thar Desert.
3. It has sandy soil.
4. The climate is dry and continental.
5. This region gets less than 20cm of average rainfall.
6. Due to this reason there is shortage of water and the population is very less.
7. But the northern part of the desert in Rajasthan has develop greenery due to the water
available from the Indira Gandhi Canal and Satluj river.


6. ALAUDDIN KHILJI:
1. Alauddin Khilji was the nephew and son-in-law of Jalaluddin Khilji.
2. In 1296 A.D., he snatched away Delhi from Jalaluddin and became the ruler of Delhi.
3. He was very ambitious.
4. He worked for the welfare of his subjects.
5. He framed strict policies to control prices of goods during his reign.
6. He also controlled the interference of Umraos and Ulemas in the administration of his state.
7. Alauddin Khilji was the first ruler to attack South India.
8. He carried lots of wealth from Devgiri to his capital Delhi.
9. The famous poet Amir Khusro was a gem in the court of Alauddin.
10. Alauddins kingdom was totally distorted (destroyed) after his death.
11. The Tuglaqs took advantage of this and established their dynasty in Delhi.
12. Thus, the Khilji dynasty ended with the death of Alauddin Khilji.
7. VIJAYNAGAR :
1. Vijaynagar state was found in 1336 A.D. in the south of river Tungabhadra.
2. It was established by Harihara and Bakkaraya, the descendents of Jadav family with the
support and guidance of contemporary Brahmin Vidyaranya.
3. Within the span of eight years, Vijaynagar extended from Tungabhadra to Kanyakumari.
4. Soon Harihara died.
5. After his death, Bakkarya and his descendants ruled over Vijaynagar.
6. However the state had lost its power by then.
7. It was weakening.
8. FUNCTIONS OF THE CHIEF MINISTER:
1. Appoints Council of Ministers.
2. Allot different ministries to different ministers for the administration of the state.
3. Observes and guides ministers.
4. Calls meetings at regular intervals.
5. Informs the Governor about all the decisions taken by the Cabinet.
6. Reforms Cabinet if needed.
9. THE ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT:
Organs: There are three main organs of the State Government:
1) Legislative Assembly
2) Executive Committee
3) Judiciary.
Functions: 1) Legislative Assembly frames laws.
2) Executive Committee executes the framed laws.
3) Judiciary prosecutes the law breakers and punishes them.

10. STRUCTURE OF LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY:
1. All the states of India have Legislative Assembly.
2. Each state is divided into different constituencies.
3. One member from each constituency is selected through election.
4. This member is called member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
5. The number of members varies from state to state.
6. It is decided according to the population of the state.
7. There are 182 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat.
8. Hence it is clear that MLAs together form the Legislative Assembly and hence the
Government is formed.
11. CHIEF MINISTER:
1. Each state of India has a chief minister.
2. The chief minister is the head of the cabinet.
3. He plays the most important role in the state government.
4. The leader of the ruling party of the state is appointed as the chief minister by the governor.
5. The term of the office of the chief minister is 5 years.

12. APPOINTMENT AND AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNOR:
1. Each state of India has a governor.
2. The governor is the constitutional head of the state.
3. All the administration of the state is done in the name of the governor.
4. Thus, the governor holds a very important place in the state.
5. The president of the nation appoints the governor of the state after consulting the prime
minister.
6. The term of the office of the governor is 5 years.
7. The governor is appointed so that the state government functions according to the rules of the
Constitution.
SS L-NO.2
ANS IN BRIEFLY.
1}.What would happen if the earth did not rotate or revolve?
Ans. if the earth did not rotate or revolve
1. Day & night are caused due to rotation of the earth.
2. Rotation means the movement of the earth on its own axis.
3. Seasons occur due to the revolution of the earth .
4. Revolution means the movement of the earth around the sun.
5. If the earth does not rotate or revolve then there will neither day or night nor seasons.

2]why does the northern hemisphere experience summer from 21
st
march to 23
rd

September?
Ans. As the year procides the part which receives more sun light experience summer
& the part which receives less sun light experience winter. So the northern hemisphere
experience summer during the period from 21
st
march to 23
rd
September.
3] why is Norway called the land of mid night sun?
Ans 1. Norway is located in northern hemisphere .
2. The northern hemisphere experience summer between 21
st
march to 23
rd
December.
3. During this period the sun never sets at Antarctic circle.
The sun is seen at 12o clock in the night in such location, hence it is called the land
of the mid night sun.

4] The sun is never directly overhead in London , but the sun is seen overhead in
Singapore. Why?
Ans. the sun is never seen overhead in London:
The rays of sun directly fall on the equator & the places located near
it.
Singapore lies right near the equator .
Hence the sun is seen overhead it.
On the other hand London lies near the tropic of cancer
Locations on end around the tropic of cancer receives slightly slanting
sun rays but for a longer period .
Hence the sun is never seen overhead in London.
Answer in Briefly Lesson no. 3
Q-5] Which are the Organs of the Government? Why are they necessary?
Ans- the Organs of the Government are 1] Legislative Assembly. 2] Executive Committee. 3]
Judiciary. They are necessary because the Government has to perform the various activities.
The government frames the act or Law, executes the law and implements the law meaningfully
and give justice.
Q-6] What will happen if judicial system is not there?
Ans: (i) India is a vast country, naturally the government has several responsibilities.
(ii) Different organs carry out different tasks among them.
(iii) One is judiciary which imparts justice and punishes the offenders who break the law.
(iv) If the people feel that the laws are not executed properly than they can raise their voice,
they can go to the court.
(v) The court can order the government to take appropriate measures.
(vi) If the judiciary system is not there, the government cannot administrate smoothly and there
may be injustice everywhere.
7} Why is it not possible to conduct administration from a single place in India?
Ans: India is a vast country, naturally the government has several responsibilities. It is bound to
provide amenities as well as security to its citizen. All the administration is done from one place
by the government. The government will not be able to administer smoothly. Hence it has
divided its work at different levels. This eases the burden of the government and makes speedy
and efficient management.



Style of paper
1.m.c.q.----15
2.blanks---10
3.match---10
4.true /false---6
5.ans in a sentence---10
6.short not [any-3]----9
7.detail ans-----[any-4]12
8.brief---[any-4]---8