energy systems management Access to water and electricity poverty alleviation Explore less water reliant energy Increase sustainability and efficiency of existing systems
MANAGING RISKS Securing the Gains of Development
Integration of risk-related public policy and improved cooperation Need for indicators and warning systems Need for greater institutional coordination, strength, and management Need to improve decision- making in situations of uncertainty: better adaptation to ongoing and future global changes
SHARING WATER
Increasing complexity and interdependence across boarders need for new approaches Conflict avoidance Challenges: Direct Indirect Structural Framework: Natural Conditions Variety of Uses Various Sources of Supply Upstream/Downstream Considerations Socio-Demographic Conditions example: Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay Yrenda-Toba-Tarijeo aquifer system: 300,000 km2 Livelihood of 1 million indigenous people Pressure on land could inhibit aquifer infiltration Coordination for long-term management and protection of recharge zones is necessary but lacking UNESCO and Global Environmental Facility raising awareness and working with local populations Goal: engage and strengthen institutions to practice sound aquifer management and offer education and technical support VALUING AND CHARGING FOR WATER
controversial Important tool for policy-makers and planners to weigh options Water embodies social, cultural, environmental and economic values, all must be incorporated Charging for water should include protection of the needs of the poor Public-private partnerships Need for planners, policy-makers, and technicians Valuation Techniques User Pays Principle Water Security Economic Efficiency ENHANCING KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY
local knowledge + improved access Many financial investments into projects in developing countries have failed Infrastructure doomed to deteriorate if not maintained Increased access to education through information and communication technology Self-assessments of knowledge and capacity will identify gaps and help improve effectiveness example: Indonesia Farmer/Water User Associations Local staff of Irrigation Services trained as facilitators Improvement of economic rate of returns from 10-18% to 30-40% Investment in empowerment and training of irrigation system users Benefits: economic, social capital, strengthen local governance example: Farmnet Farmer Information Network for Rural Development Operated by farmers who disseminate locally relevant information to improve livelihoods Support from UN Food and Agriculture Organization Decrease in costs Greater knowledge of global market Fairer prices for goods Meteorological Info More effective irrigation
CASE STUDIES Towards an Integrated Approach overview Help countries conduct self-assessments Highlight areas with different physical, climatic, and socio- economic conditions 3 scales: subnational, national, international Help institutions and bring together key stakeholders Identified overarching deficencies JAPAN MAIN ISSUE: Water-related disasters KENYA MAIN ISSUE: Water Scarcity LAKE PEIPSI MAIN ISSUE: Transboundary Source STATE OF MEXICO MAIN ISSUE: UNSUSTAINABLE USE findings Obstacles vary: socio-economic versus water availability Disparities in availability and access not only factors hindering development [South Africa vs. Peru] Accelerating rate of urbanization hampers safe water and sanitation service provision Agriculture most demanding sector but industrial use increasing Unsustainable use Water-borne diseases major cause of morbidity Importance of IWRM CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS need to Recognize access to clean water as fundamental right Focus on better water governance Understand water movement within natural limits not human constructed boundaries Recognize lack of isolation and independence of water issues Manage growing demand and decreasing supply and increasing competition for the scarce resource