BAUHAUS

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The Bauhaus, an innovative German school of art and design was
founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius, the school uses a foundations
course and workshop experiences to train students in theory and
form, materials, and methods of fabrication.
Buildings are simple, functional, and industrial. Devoid of any
applied ornament, they often appear asymmetrical and three
dimensional, such that one must experience the building from all
sides.
The Bauhaus taught design in conjunction with modernism. In its
Design, spaces took on a quality related to the abstract character
of the current painting and sculpture (Cubism and related
movements).
Ornament came solely from the visual effects created by
combinations of materials.
The Goal was to unify art and technology, creating an aesthetic
suited to the modern mechanistic world by relating materials, from,
and function in an abstract visual vocabulary.
The Bauhaus was a key influence on architecture, interior
design, and industrial design in the 1920s and 1930s.
The unornamented Functional modern interior with its tubular
metal furniture and color palette of black, white, neutrals, and
primary colors can be traced to Bauhaus Origins.
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Building Types: schools, offices,
and government buildings.
Architects orient buildings so that
they receive the most sun exposure
to take advantage of natural light.
Structures sit on flat plains of grass.
The most important construction
materials include steel, glass, and
reinforced concrete, sometimes a
brick masonry applied on the face
of the concrete.
Exteriors are plain, simple, and
unornamented.
Windows were fixed in grid
patterns.
Entry doors are often recessed and
integrate into the overall building
composition.
Roofs are mainly flat.
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BAUHAUS DESSAU
Main Bauhaus school building
the sheer glass wall with no outer
support
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The basic structure of the Bauhaus consists of a clear and carefully
thought-out system of connecting wings, which correspond to the
internal operating system of the school.
Gropius' extensive facilities for the Bauhaus at Dessau combine
teaching, student and faculty members' housing, an auditorium, and
office spaces.
Instead of making the walls the element of support, as in a brick-
built house, our new space-saving construction transfers the whole
load of the structure to a steel or concrete framework.
School and workshop are connected through a two-story bridge, which
spans the approach road from Dessau
The technical construction of
the building is demonstrated
by the latest technological
development of the time: a
skeleton of reinforced
concrete with brickwork,
mushroom-shaped ceilings
on the lower level, and roofs
covered with asphalt tile that
can be walked upon.
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HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER
It was designed by The
Architects Collaborative.
The group of eight buildings
arranged round small and
large courtyards has a good
community feel about it and is
humanly scaled.
The dormitory blocks are
constructed in reinforced
concrete with exterior walls of
buff-colored brick or
limestone and the community
buildings are in steelwork.
Block-mass buildings
connected by flat-roof
canopies.
No exterior or superficial
ornamentation.

Exterior view of the Harvard
Graduate center
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Exterior view of the Harvard
Graduate center - Dormitories
Exterior view of the Harvard
Graduate center
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Masters House by Walter Gropius
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Tugendhat House by Mies
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Unornamented and radically
different, Bauhaus furnishings suit
Bauhaus concepts of the modern
home.
Designs stress simplicity,
functionality, excellent
construction, and hygienic
industrial materials.
Furniture is lightweight and space
saving.
Standardization of form and
interchangeable parts are key
design considerations.
Furnishings are movable to
support flexible arrangements.
Designs, of metal, are simple and
functional with no applied
ornamentation.
Steel in tubular components or
thin strips or sheets takes
precedent over wood.
FURNI TURE
There is no vocabulary for
motifs because buildings are
generally unadorned.
Some works include unique
architectural details that are
a part of the building
structure.
SYMBOLS & MOTI FS
After 1923, the metals
workshop produced many
ash trays, tea and coffee
services, kettles, dresser
sets, and pitchers in brass,
bronze, and silver.
Forms are simple and
geometric with no applied
ornamentation.
DECORATI VE ARTS
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Desk by Marcel Bruer
MR Chair by Mies
Wassily Chair
by Marcel bruer
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Marcel Bruer
Nesting Tables
Bauhaus Chair by
Marcel Bruer
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Bauhaus Bed
Bauhaus Sideboard
Barcelona Table
Bauhaus Table
Bauhaus Coffee Table
Bauhaus Bench
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Cantilever Chair
Folding Table, by
Gustav
Hassenpflug
Arm Chair by
Corbusier
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Decorative Arts,
Metalwork by Brandt
Wall Hangings from Bauhaus
German(Barcelona) Pavilion statue
WALTER GROPIUS
BAUHAUS TO POST MODE RNI SM
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BAUHAUS TO POST MODE RNI SM WALTE R GROPI US
Walter Gropius was born in Berlin in 1883. The son of an architect,
he studied at the Technical Universities in Munich and Berlin.
He joined the office of Peter Behrens in 1910 and three years later
established a practice with Adolph Meyer.
Gropius is best known through the influence of the German Design
school called the Bauhaus, established under Gropiuss direction at
Weimar in 1919.
After the closing of the Bauhaus in 1932, Gropiuss influence
continued through his work in England and subsequently, in the
United states, as well as through his leadership of the architectural
department at Harvard university from 1937.
Under Gropiuss direction, Harvard became the first American
design school to accept the ideas of the modern movement.
Gropius created innovative designs that borrowed materials and
methods of construction from modern technology. This advocacy
of industrialized building carried with it a belief in team work and an
acceptance of standardization and prefabrication.
Using technology as a basis, he transformed building into a science
of precise mathematical calculations.
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Bauhaus, at
Dessau, Germany,
1919 to 1925.
Gropius House,
at Lincoln,
Massachusetts,
1937.
Harvard
Graduate
Center, at
Cambridge,
Massachusetts,
1950.
MAJ OR WORKS
GROPIUS HOUSE
Modest in scale, revolutionary in impact.
Combined the traditional elements of New England architecture
wood, brick, and fieldstone with innovative materials rarely
used in domestic settings at that time glass block, acoustical
plaster, and chrome banisters, along with the latest technology in
fixtures.
Glass wall admits light into mudroom and entry hall,
yet protects privacy of main entrance.
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These eaves protect the southern-facing rear from excessive
sunlight. The openings between the eaves and wall promote
air circulation.
Upstairs deck, outside Gropius' daughter's
room.
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Gropius F51 Arm Chair
Gropius D51 Sofa
Gropius F51 Sofa
Newspaper shelf
by Gropius
Gropius designed
Cups