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)
Effective radius R of the drum at which the resisting force act
Resisting torque acting on the brake drum is
(
)
Brake power of the engine is
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE CYLINDER 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
(KIRLOSKAR MODEL AV1)
AIM:
To conduct load test (Constant speed characteristics) on Single cylinder 4S Diesel
Engine with rope brake dynamometer and to plot the following Characteristic Curves.
1. Brake power (B.P) Vs T.F.C (total fuel consumption)
2. B.P Vs S.F.C (Specific fuel consumption)
3. B.P Vs M.E (Mechanical efficiency)
4. B.P Vs B.T.E (brake thermal efficiency)
5. B.P Vs I.T.E (indicated thermal efficiency)
6. B.P. vs. volumetric efficiency
SPECIFICATIONS:
B.H.P = 5H.P
R.P.M = 1500
Diameter of piston =87.5mm
Length of stroke = 110mm
Diameter of brake drum =300mm
Orifice Diameter =20 mm
PRECAUTIONS
1. Fuel and lubricating oil are checked and if needed they are to be supplied.
2. Cooling water inlet and outlet for engine jacket and brake drum should be
opened.
3. Engine should be started and stopped with no load.
4. De-compression liver should be engaged before cranking.
THEORY:
Output Power or Brake Power
Torque,
(
)
Where
= Speed of the engine in rpm,
= Weight in kg,
= spring balance reading (kg)
= (Radius of the brake drum +1/2 the dia of rope) in meters.
Time for 10cc fuel consumption =
(sec)
Total fuel consumption
Specific fuel consumption
Indicated Power, I.P = B.P + F.P
Where
F.P is the Frictional Power obtained from the characteristic plot (TFC Vs B.P).
Mechanical efficiency,
Heat Input,
Calorific value ( ) of diesel = 46057kJ/kg.
Brake thermal efficiency,
Indicated thermal efficiency,
Volumetric efficiency
Actual volume of air taken in
Theoretical volume
Volumetric efficiency, (
PROCEDURE
Before starting the engine maximum load that can be applied on the engine is
calculated using the formula
Torque, T
(
)
(
)
Start the engine at no load condition. Fuel supply is switched on and the
decompression lever is engaged. The engine is started by manual cranking. Then
the time taken for 10c.c of fuel consumption is noted at no load. And level difference
in the water manometer is noted. Initial load is applied at the end of the hook in the
rope. Note the spring dial reading. Repeat the experiment up to maximum load. Then
the engine is stopped by cutting the fuel supply.
CALCULATIONS:
CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
RESULT:
INFERENCE:
HEAT BALANCE TEST ON SINGLE CYLINDER 4 STROKE DIESEL
ENGINE (KIRLOSKAR MODEL AV1)
AIM
To conduct heat balance test on Marshall Diesel Engine and to prepare a heat
balance sheet using flue gas analysis.
SPECIFICATIONS:
B.H.P = 5H.P
R.P.M = 1500
Diameter of brake drum =300mm
Orifice Diameter =20 mm
PRECAUTIONS
1. Fuel and lubricating oil are checked and if needed they are to be supplied.
2. Cooling water inlet and outlet for engine jacket and brake drum should be
opened.
3. Engine should be started and stopped with no load.
4. De-compression liver should be engaged before cranking.
THEORY:
To balance the energy input and output what is done usually is to add all the known
forms of energy output in heat units and say that the difference between this and the
energy input is lost by radiation etc. Thus law of conversion of energy is kept
unaltered.
1. The work input of engine can be calculated using TFC and calorific value.
2. The heat carried away by cooling water can be calculated from its rate of flow,
specific heat and temperature difference between inlet and outlet.
3. The heat carried away by exhaust gases can be calculated from its mass rate
estimated on the basis of exhaust gas analysis, temperature difference and specific
heat.
4. The heat carried away by steam in the exhaust is calculated from its partial
pressure and temperature of super heat.
For calculating mass rate of exhaust gases the fuel composition by weight
and flue gas analysis by volume are used.
Time for 10cc fuel consumption =
(sec)
Total fuel consumption
Input,
Calorific value ( ) of diesel = 46057kJ/kg.
Output Power or Brake Power
Torque,
(
)
Where
= Speed of the engine in rpm,
= Weight in kg,
= spring balance reading (kg)
= (Radius of the brake drum +1/2 the dia of rope) in meters.
)
Where
)
Where
= Room temperature
)
Where
)(
)
PROCEDURE
The maximum load on the engine is calculated and range of loading is
selected. The necessary precautions are taken. The lubricating oil and fuel in the
tank is checked. The supply of fuel and cooling water is opened. The
decompression lever is engaged and engine is started by cranking. The desired
load is applied and time for 10 c.c of fuel consumption is noted. The temperature
of cooling water at outlet and the temperature of exhaust gas are observed. From
the flow meter the rate of cooling water supply is noted. The atmospheric
temperature and temperature of cooling water inlet are also noted. The
observations are also tabulated as shown. From the observations the heat balance
is done and balance sheet is plotted.