Cum-. 111. FLORID ENGLISH OR TUDOR STYLE.

185
ill East Baisliam, Norfolk, in ruins. 12. Harlaxton, Liiicohishire, perfect. 13. West-
w'ootl, Worcestershire, perfect.
427.
Fig. I'M.
WOI.TF.RTDN IIOITSR.
Ill a very curious tract, entitled,
"
A Dyetorie or Regiment of Ilealtli," by
Andrew Boorde, of Pliysike Doctor, 8vo., first printed in 1547, the following directions
are given how a man .should build his house or mansion; from whicli it appears that there
were certain leading ))oints for the guidance of the arcliitect, fovinded, of course, they were
on tlie habits of the time.
"
Make," says our friend Andrew,
"
tlie hall of such fashion
tliat the i)arlor be annexed to the head of tlie liall,aiid the buttyre and pautrye at the lower
ende thereof; the cellar under the pantrye sett somewhat at a base ; the kechyn sett some-
what at a base from the buttrye and pantrye ; coming with an eiitrie within, by tlie wall
of the buttrie ; tlie jiastrie house and tlie hirder annexed to the kechyn. Then divyde the
logginges by tlie circuit of the (luadrivial courte, and let the gatehouse be o])posite, or
again.st the hall dooie ; not directly, but the hall doore standyng abase of the gatehouse, in
the middle of the front enteringe into the place. Let the prevye chamber be annexed to
tlie great chamber of estate, with other chambers necessary for the buildiiige
;
so that
many of the chambers may have a jirospecte into the chapell." Some of the principal in-
novations in the early Tudor style, were the introduction of gatehouses, bay windows, and
i|uadrangular areas, matters rather incompatible with buildings constructed for defence. The
materials of these palaces and mansions were of freestone and brick, according to the facility
with which from the situation they could be ])iocuied. Sometimes, indeed often, these
materials were mixed. IMoulded brickwork and terra cotta were introduced for ornamental
jiarts by Trevigi and Holbein towards the end of the period, or, perhajis strictly si)eakiiig,
at the end of it. Tlie brickwork was occasionally plastered and pointed as at Nonsuch.
At Layer Marney and other places, bricks of two colours highly glazed were used for
variegating the surface, and were formed into lo/enges. 'i'lie chimney shafts seem to have
exhausted invention in the twisted and diapered patterns into which they were wrought, and
decorated with heads and capitals and cognizances of the founders. The gateways weie
inominent features in these edifices, and the most exjiensive ornaments were lavished on
them. Tliat at Whitehall, designed by Holbein, was constructed with ditfereiitly coloured
glazed bricks, over which were appended four large circular inedalliuns of busts, still
preserved at Hatfield Peveril. Herts. This gateway contained several apartments, among
which not the least remarkable was the study wiierein Holliein chiefly received his sitters.
The ga*^''ways at Hampton Court and Woolterton were very similar to this.
428. '^V'e will here digress a little on the bay window which, as generally understood.
wa3 sill, ply a jirojecting window between two buttresses (whence its name, as occupying a
bay of the building), and almost universally placed at the end of the room. It was invented
about a centurj before t'.ie Tudor age, in which it usually consisted on the jilan of right
angles intersected by circles, as in the buildings at Windsor by Henry VIII.
,
and at
Thornbury Castle. When placed at the end of a great hall, it extended in height from the floor
to the jeiling, and was very .simple and regular in its form. In a MS. at the Herald's College
relating to an entertainment given at Uiclimond by Henry VII., tlie following passage
occurs, and may lie taken as descriptive of one of the purjioses to which it was ajiplied.
"
Agaynst that his grace had supped: the hall was dressed and goodlie to be scene, and a
rich cupboord sett thereup in a baye window of I X or X stages and haunces of higiit,
furnissed and fulfilled with plate of gold, silver, and regilte." Carved wainscottiiig in