Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena:

1. Basic Definitions:
2. Navier-Stokes Equations:
3. Types of Flow:
i. Planar Poiseuille Flow
ii. Impulsively started single plate
flow that is semi-infinite
4. dd
Basic Definitons:
Incompressible: Density, , is constant.
Homogeneous: Density, , is the same for all
fluid elements considered.
Navier-Stokes Equations:
Continuity:

Momentum:

: Temporal and inertial/acceleration

term. Equals 0 if steady.
o

: Temporal changes.
o : Inertial/acceleration term
o : Pressure term (can sometimes
account for gravity,
o

: Viscous effects. (If inviscid this term

is zero. Basis for Newton's Equation)
o : Body forces (external body forces - can
include gravity)
Where the material derivative is

Stress Tensor:


Rate of Strain Tensor, :

Types of Flow:
Planar Poiseuille Flow:

Steady
Infinite channel
Assume unidirectional flow
Initial Conditions:
o No Slip:

o Symmetric: Centre flow has no
shear,

where is the
direction of flow

Notes:
In reality typically unstable for
sufficiently high Re.
Introduction of perturbance (knocks,
wall imperfections), the perturbance
grows resulting in unsteady
multidirectional flow.
Navier-Stokes solutions are not unique.
Example: Planar Poiseuille Flow where x is the
direction of flow and y is the height of the pipe

Steps:
1. Continuity
2. Navier-Stokes Equation applying
assumptions
3. Get expression for u. If considering
viscous terms, this will be a second
order pde and hence two b/c or i/c will
be required.
4. Express for maximum velocity
5. Determine average velocity
6. Determine mass flux
Continuity:

Momentum:

Assumptions:
Steady:

Continuity:

Unidirectional:
No body forces cf gravity:
Hence the Navier-Stokes equation reduces to:

Unidirectional:

Assume 2D problem:

Hence take the second integral of

.
To solve, use boundary/initial conditions:
(symmetry

and no slip)

Determining constants of integration:

*Note: CHE3167 would express this as

, where is half the pipe height

and is the length of pipe being considered for
which there is a .
Mass Flux:

Impulsively Started Single Plate for a Semi-
Infinite Fluid:

Plate moves with speed at
Initially,
Pressure: Far from the plate,
and so it must be
constant everywhere
Assume unidirectional flow

Initial Conditions:
o No Slip: Fluid moves at the
same speed as plate (it 'sticks'
to it)

o Far Away Fluid:

Example:
Look for a similarity solution such that

Assumptions:
No slip:
Far fluid:
Constant pressure: (p far away is
constant so it must be constant
everywhere)
Unidirectional flow
No body forces


Continuity:

No other components to consider as it is
unidirectional
Momentum:

Similarity Solution/Self-Similar Solution: Results
when a space and time variable are tied
together such that

. Solution is of form