ONE LINE DIAGRAM OF 132 Kv GRID

STATIONKHANEWAL

The grid station has main 132 kv busbar. The six lines are
connected with that bus bar.

These lines divided with respect to different cities. The first line is
calledmultan main line. Second line is kabirwala. Third line is
khachakhoh. Forth ischichawatni. Fifth is fauji kabirwala. Six is
perowal.

These six lines are used for incoming and outgoing but not use for
loads.

The incoming means that power houses and a grid station provided
the supplyto 132 kv busbar.

The out going means that 132 kv busbar provided the supply of
these lineswith respect to different conditions.

The two lines e.g (kabirwala,perowal and fauji) are permanently
connected tothe power houses these lines are use for incoming and
out going. If these linesare used for incoming they provides the
supply to 132 kv busbar of gridstation khanewal. Khanewal grid
station gets power directly to the power houses with the help of
these lines.

Whenever one of these lines or both lies break the supply than
these linesused for outgoing lines. These lines provided the supply
to power houses tostart them. The power house cannot start with
out supply. When the power house start then provided the supply,
so these lines will be used for incoming.

These two lines has same & equal in quantity protection
equipments, such asisolator, circuit breaker, earth isolator and
potential transformer.

Multan and Kabirwala

The other two lines e.g multan and kabirwala are connected with
the power houses.these lines are connected with grid stations.

The lines are also used for incoming and outgoing. When used
for incomingthen these lines provides the supply to 132 kv busbar
from two gridstations. Whenever one or both grid stations that
connected with multan andkabirwala lines needs the supply from
khanewal grid station then these linesare used for outgoing to
maintain the voltage at these grid station.The 132kv busbar of
khanewal gets supply other lines and provides to these linesthese
too lines has equal quantity of protection equipment.

The protection equipment are isolator,circuit breaker,circuit
breaker andcurrent transformer.
KHANEWAL AND CHICHAWATNI

Khanewal and chichawatni lines are connected with 132 kv busbar
atKhanewal grid station and other grid station that held near
chichawatni andkhachakhoh.

These lines are also use for incoming and outgoing lines. The
incoming andout going procedure is like multan and kabirwala
lines. The equipment thatare used for protection of these lines.
These lines have equal equipment tomultan and kabirwala.

The substation of Mepco are synchronise with each other. The
power housesare also synchronise with each other. So if load of
one of these increasesthen the substation gets supply to other
substation with respect torequirement.
66 kv Bus Bar

132 kv bus bar supply the 66 kv bus bar.

That 66 kv line is used for railway load feeder.

The line that connect between 132 kv bus bar and 66 kv bus bar
has three isolator,two CTs, two circuit breakers, two
lightning arrestors, one PT and onetransformer .

The 132kv busbar has only one protection equipment that is PT .

One feeder connected to 66kv bus bar, That feeder has one
isolator, CT, onecircuit breaker and one transformer.

All railway loads are connected to that transformer.
11KV FEEDERS

There are fifteen feeders used for outgoing supply only. these
feeders used for industries and consumer loads.

There are two lines used to connected the 132 kv busbar and 11kv
feeders.

One of these lines has many protection equipments that are e.g
isolator, circuit breaker, CT lightning arrestor and power
transformer.

The other line has same equipments and has same feeders
connected.

These two lines are connected with 11kv feeders.
These feeders have also circuit breakers and current transformers.

In these feeders the vaccume circuit breaker are used each feeder
contain one C.Band C.T .

These feeders are e.g seed corporation, jafarabad, city no 2 kot
mela ram, colony,wahniwal, city no 1 cold storage, mahrshah,
perowal, MES, capacitor, industrialstate.

All protection equipments are used on all lines for different
protection methods.Isolators used on no-load condition, circuit
breakers are used for normal condition,
CT and PT are used for purpose of reading of voltage and
current with meter,lightning arresters are used to arrest the
lightning.
DC BATTERIES

In khanewal grid station DC batteries are use to give supply for
protectionequipments such relays.

The led acid battery used at grid station. Electrolyte for battery
is hydrosulfuric acid (H2so4)

The led acid battery is made of hoppeck by Germany.

The quantity of batteries used at grid station is 55.

The ampere hour capacity of battery is 480 ampere hour.

The date of all batteries is 25/09/2004.

The float voltages are 119.5V.


CONSTRUCTION

The led acid battery contains two plates and electrolyte.

The plates are made of led per oxide (Pbo2) and use for
positive plate andnegative plate is made of led (Pb).

H2so4 use as electrolyte.

The battery use for large scale. There is a compound used for
grid. Thecompound contains lead and antimony (Pb & Sb).
There is a layer of PbO2 Is also use for surfing on grid. After
charging Pbo2 change in acto material.

The plates are divided into negative and positive charges.

The negative plates are large in quantity. Normally one more
then positive plate.

The negative plates should spread around the positive plates to
complete thechemical reaction.
The separators are used between these plates. These separators are
anyinsulating material.

The separator has two sides. One side consists of grooved used
positive to

positive plate for circulating of electrolyte around positive plate.

There is hole on cell upper side to filling and testing of oil. There
is a filler cap on the hole. Filler GP is vent hole used for gas exit.

Battery case and cell covers are made of rabber and acid proof
sellingcompound are used for outer side sealed.
POSITIVE PLATE:

To prepare positive plate grid frame is made of antimony and led.
There is surfaceof lead per oxide is use o outer side and positive
plates becomes.

Its colour is dark brown.

It has two works first is to support actio material and is to pass
current to the post.
NEGATIVE PLATE:

Its colour is grey.

The difference between positive and negative plates are the actio
material is roughf type.
SEPARATORS:

The separators are held between positive and negative plates for to
protect theshort circuit. Because separator are insulater material.

The material use for separator are e.g glass wood, micro poric etc.
ELECTROLYTE:

The electrolyte is prepare with H2so4 and water compound.

Both plates are immersed in the electrolyte

To prepare electrolyte we take 5% of water and 1% of H2so4

during preparationof electrolyte should be mix one drop step by step into
water and a rod should beused for mixing.
During process gloves, apron and gaggles should be used.
During preparation the temperature of electrolyte increase, so
specific gravityshould check with hydrometer.
Normally the specific gravity is 1.205 to 1.215 if specific gravity is
less thancorrect value than we increase the quantity of H2so4
should be increased buthigher value of specific gravity the water should
be used in electrolyte.
Emergancy lighting used for battery with electrolyte has 1.2
specific gravity
ELEMENT:
The assembly of positive and negative plates in any cell is called
element cell
CELL COVERS AN D VENT PLUGS:
These are made of hard rubber. Two terminal are shown from cell
cover. The ventwhole is used for entered the electrolyte the in cell.
Vent plugs are made of rubber.
BATTERY TERMINAL:
Battery has two terminals the positive terminal is long and has
increase in areathan negative plate.
CELL CONNECTORS:
The cell connectors are used to connect the cell in series
CONTAINER:
The container has electrolyte and battery plates.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
There are two simple leads strips immersed into H2so4
electrolyte tank. If theseare connected with respect to the lamp in series
with 115 volt dc source. Thecurrent passes through these strips and
produces gas bubble. After some time one plate change its colour and
other plate does not change its colour. During that process the cell
charged and volt meter show reading. When the cell discharge itsvoltage
reduced to 1.75 volt. After this the process of voltage drop increased and
voltage becomes zero. The positive plate colour changes from dark
brown to light brown and at last it colour return to its initialstate.

The positive plate has dark choclate that plate how is componently
in spongy. Ledis negative plate maximum bubble exit from
negative plate the bubbles are as areason of hydrogen gas but some
bubbles also come from positive plate due tooxygen gas the change
metalic led into led per oxide. The negative plates can notchanges
with chemical reaction. That plate change normally solid led to
spongyled. There is emf produced between these plates and cell
will be charged.
CHARGING OF LED ACID BATTERY
The discharge battery charge with DC supply. The direction
of current should be positive than during discharging situation. The
battery terminals that are positiveand negative should be connected
with negative and positive terminals of source.
The first state of battery charging that the lower specific gravity of
electrolyteshould be used.
During charging H2 ions moves to cathode and SO4 ions moves to
anod. So anodand cathode becomes to Pb2 and Pb.
The anod becomes to brown and cathode becomes to gray colour.
The specific gravity of H2SO4 increased from 1.18 to 1.27.
The voltage of cell increased from 1.8 to 2.3V.
The cell obsorb energy.
When cell charge it produced gas.
The voltage to charge the battery should be 25% higher the battery
voltage.
EARTHING
All equipment used at 132 kv grid station all earthed.
Some equipments are placed in open but some protection
equipment are placed in building. Every equipment has separately
earthing system