UT PROCEDURE TITLE

AWS-UT-OI
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
ISSUED: 30 January 2008
REVI SI ON: 0 AWS Dl .l : 2006 Edi ti on
ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE
as per
AWS D1.1 :2006 Edition
GLOBAL
INSPECTION
PREPARED BY:
NDT Manager
SIGNATURE:
Date : 30 Tan 2008
GLOBAL
INSPECTION
APPROVED BY:
Executive Director
SIGNATURE:
Date : 30 Tan 2008
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PROCEDURE FOR
ULTRASONIC TESTING
( AWS D1.1 :2006 Edition
)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Description
1.0 Scope
2.0 Personnel
Qualification
3.0 Equipment
4.0 Equipment Performance Checks
5.0 System Calibration
6.0 Testing Procedure
7.0 Acceptance
/
Rejection Criteria
8.0 Records
9.0 Attachments
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Appendix V
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'1.3
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Probe Index of Shear Wave Probe
Beam Angle of Shear Wave Probe
Time-Base Linearity
Equipment Gain Linearity
Probe-Equipment Combined Resolution
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)
Description Page No.
Appendix VI
-
Sweep Range
Appendix VII
-
DAC Curve and Sensitivity Setting
Appendix VIII
-
Transfer Correction
Ultrasonic Test Report Format
Ultrasonic Test Equipment Performance Checklist
Table 6.2
-
Acceptable-Rejection Criteria Statically Loaded
Table 6.3
-
Acceptance-Rejection Criteria Cyclically Loaded
Table 6.7
-Testing
Angle
Table 6.7 (Cont' d)
-
Testing Angle
Figure 6.24
-
Plan View of UT Scanning Pattern
Figure 6.7
-
Class R Indications
Figure 6.7
-
Class R Indications (Cont'd)
Figure K-12
-
Discontinuity Height Dimension
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SCOPE
1.1 This procedure describes the method to be employed by Global
Inspection Services Sdn Bhd for the Ultrasonic Testing in
accordance with the following code and standards.
AWS D1.1:2006
1,.2 This procedure is intended for the inspection of groove welds
on steel fabrication with parent metal thickness 8mm and
above. It is also applies to the testing of steel plate or pipe for
parent metal discontinuities.
PERSONNEL
QUALIFICATION
All personnel performing ultrasonic testing shall be qualified and
certified in accordance with the Written Practice for the qualification
and certification of personnel, which conforms to ASNT Level II or
PCN Level II or CSWIP or equivalent.
EQUIPMENT
3.1 Flaw Detector
3.1.1 The flaw detector shall be Sonatest SSLL0, Panametric
Epoch III or Epoch 48 or Epoch XT or equivalent.
3.1.2 The flaw detector shall be calibrated and certified within
1,2 months prior to use.
3.2 Probes
3.2.1. A minimum of one (1) zero degree probe and three (3)
angle probes (45,60 and 70') shall be made available on
each testing.
1. 0
2.0
3.0
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3.2.2 The recommended choice of angle probes for scanning
different material thickness are as follows:-
Material
Thickness
Angle to be
Used
(*)
Dimension
(mm)
Recommended
Frequency
8- 38mm 700 8x9 2
-
SMHz
38mm and
above
45o, 60o,70o 8x9 2
-
5MHz
(.) All parent materials to be scanned with 0o, 2
-
5 MHz,10
mm diameter probe prior to angle scanning.
However, the probes which give the best response should
be used, dependent on the weld, welding parameters and
parent materials.
3.2.3 The angle probe shall produce a sound beam in the
material being tested within plus or minus 2o.
3.2.4 Each angle probe shall be clearly marked to indicate:
a. frequency (Mhz)
b. beam exit point
c. beam incident angle
3.3 Couplant
3.3.1 The couplant to be used between the probe and
inspection surface shall be paste and water mixture of a
suitable consistency.
3.3.2 The same couplant shall be used for both system
calibration and testing
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3.4 Calibration Blocks
The International Institute of Welding (IIW) V1./V2 ultrasonic
reference block shall be the standard block to be used for both
distance and sensitivity calibration.
4.0 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE CHECK
4|1, The type of performance checks and their frequency shall be as
the following:
a. Horizontal linearitv 40 hours
b. dB linearity weekly
c. Amplifier linearity weekly
d. Internal reflection of every 8 hours of use
of probe
e. Probe contact surface beginning of shift and
every 8 hours of use
f. Probe beam exit pointbeginning of shift and every
8 hours of use
g. Probe beam exit angle beginning of shift and every
8 hours of use
h. Resolution every change of probe shoe
i. Ultrasonic equipment every 12 months
certification
/
calibration
j. Max. penefrating power weekly
4.2 Performance checks shall be conducted on the equipment with
records kept at
QA
office and to be audited by client.
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ULTRASONIC TESTING
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TSSUED: 30 January 2008
REVI SI ON : 0 AWS D1. l : 2006 Edi t i on
SYSTEM CALIBRATION
Ultrasonic testing equipment and probes shall be checked for the
performance. The equipment shall be calibrated for the functions
using the following calibration procedure.
5.0
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Appendix V
Appendix VI
Appendix VII
Appendix VIII
Time-Base Linearity
Sweep Range
Transfer Correction
6.0 TESTING PROCEDURE
6.'l", SurfacePreparation
6.1..1. The condition of atl surfaces shall be such that a
satisfactory coupling between probe and test surfaces can
be maintained.
6.1..2 The visual examination of welding andf ot material
under test shall be carried out to ascertain any surface
defect or condition, which may affect the ultrasonic
examination.
6.1,.3 All spatters, loose scale, rust, coating and other
irregularities over the scanning surfaces on any side of
the weld which may interfere with the transmission of
sound wave shall be removed by wire brushing or light
grinding.
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Testing Coverage
6.2.L Welded joints requiring Ultrasonic Testing shall be tested
for their full length unless Client specifies partial or spot
testing.
6.2.2 The scanning shall be done from each side of the weld
axis where possible. The area adjacent to the weld shall
be prepared for at least 3 times the thickness of material
being inspected both side of weld axis for the smooth
scanning surface.
6.2.3 The volume shall be examined by moving the probe over
test surfaces so as to scan the entire weld volume and
adjacent area. Each pass of the probe shall overlap a
minimum, of 50% of the probe dimension.
Parent Metal Evaluation
6.31, The entire base metal through which ultrasound travel to
test the weld shall be tested for laminar reflector using a
zero degree probe.
6.3.2 The scanning shall be performed at sensitivity setting of
2"d back wall echo to 80% full screen height set at clean
base metal.
6.3.3 The probe movement for examination shall not exceed
L50mm per second.
6.3.4 If any of base metals exhibits total loss of back reflection
or an indication equal to or greater than the original back
reflection height is located in a position that will interface
with the normal weld scanning procedure, its size,
location and depth shall be determined and reported in
the ultrasonic test report.
6. 2
6.3
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Weld Evaluation
6.4.1. The beam shall be directed at approximately right angles
to the weld axis from two directions where possible. The
probe shall be manipulated so that the beam passed
through the required volumes of weld and adjacent base
metal.
6.4.2 Sensitivity shall be increased from the reference level for
weld scanning in accordance with AWS DL.1 : 2006,
Table 6.2 or 6.3, as applicable.
6.4.3 The testing angle and scanning procedure shall be in
accordance with those shown in AWS D1.L : 2006, Table
6. 7
6.4.4 The probe movement for the examination shall not
exceed L50mm per second.
6.4.5 For transverse discontinuities, the beam shall be directed
approximately L5" to the weld axis.
6.4.6 Straight Beam Scanning
-
Straight beam scanning of the
adjacent base metal shall be performed to detect
reflectors that might affect interpretation of angle beam
result, and is not to be used as an acceptance rejection
examination. Location and area of such reflectors shall be
recorded
6.4.7 Angle Beam Scanning
-
Angle beam scanning shall be
directed at approximate right angle to the weld axis from
two directions where possible. The search unit shall be
manipulated so that the ultrasonic energy passed
through the entire volumes of weld and adjacent base
metal. Scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at
least two times the primary reference level. Evaluation
shall be performed with respect to the primary reference
level. Selection of probe angle would be governed by
thickness of weld and angle of weld preparation.
6.4
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6.4.8 Butt
Joints
All butt
joint welds shall be tested from each side of the
weld axis. Corner and T-joint welds shall be primarily
tested from one side of the weld axis only. All welds
shall be tested using the applicable scanning pattern or
patterns shown in AWS D1.1 : 2006, Figure 6.24 as
necessary to detect both longitudinal and transverse
flaws. It is intended that, as a minimum, all welds be
tested by passing sound through the entire volume of the
weld and the heat-affected zone in two crossing
directions, wherever applicable.
6.4.9 For partial weld penetration, testing and evaluation shall
be made up to the weld size as per specified in the
drawing.
6.4.10 Maximum Indication
When a discontinuity indication aPPears on the screen/
the maximum attainable indication from the
discontinuity shall be adjusted to produce a horizontal
reference level trace deflection on the display. This
adjustment shall be made with the calibrated gain control
(attenuator), and the instrument reading in decibels shall
be used as the "Indication Level, a" for calculating the
"Indication Rating, d". Horizontal reference level is 80%
of full screen height.
6.4.11, Attenuation Factor
The "Attenuation Factor, c" shall be attained by
subtracting 1 in (25mm) from the sound-path distance
and multiplying the remainder by 2. This factor shall be
rounded out on the nearest dB value. Fractional values
less than
1/z
dB shall be reduced to the lower dB level
and those of
1/z
dB or greater increased to the higher
level.
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12 Indication Rating
The "Indication Rating, d", represents the algebraic
difference in decibels between the indication level and
the reference level with the correction for attenuation as
indicated in the following expressions:
Instruments with gain in dB:
a- b- c=d
Instrument with attenuation dB:
b- a- c=d
Discontinuity Size Evaluation
6.5.1, Length
The length of indication shall be determined by
measuring the distance between the probe centerline
locations where the indication rating amplitude drops
50To (6 dB) below the rating for the applicable
classification. This length shall be recorded under
"discontinuity
length" on the test report.
6.5.2 Height
The discontinuity height (depth dimension) should be
determined using the following methods:
(ii)
The indication height should be maximized by
moving the search unit to and from the
discontinuity in accordance with A of figureK-12.
The indication height should be adjusted to a
known value (e.g.,80% of full screen height FSH).
The search unit should move towards the
discontinuity until the indication height begins to
drop rapidly and continuously towards the base
Iine. The location of the leading (left) edge of the
indication at location B in FigureS.l2 in relation to
the display horizontal base line scale should be
6.4
6.5
(i)
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noted. A 0.10 inch (2.5mm) division scale or metric
scale should be used.
(iii) The search unit should be moved from the
discontinuity until the indication height begins to
drop rapidly and continuously towards the base
line. The location of the leading edge of the
indication at location C in Figure 5.12 in relation
to the display horizontal baseJine should be
noted.
(i") The mathematical difference between B and C
should be obtained to determine the height
dimension of the discontinuity.
6.6 AWS D1.1 : 2006, Class R shall be used when UT is used as an
alternative to RT.
7.0 ACCEPTANCE/ REIECTION CRITERIA
Each weld discontinuity shall be accepted or rejected on the basis of its
indication rating and its length, in conformance with the following.
7.1. Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections
-
AWS D1.L : 2006'
Table 6.2.
7.2 Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections
-
AWS D'1.1' :2006
Table 6.3.
7.3 Tubular Connections
-
AWS Dl.1 : 2006,6.13.3J1', Class R
7.4 When UT is used as an alternative to RT
-
AWS D1.1 :2006,
6.13.3.1. Class R.
7.5 For base metal examination
-
AWS DL.1 : 2006,5.15.1.1
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8.0 RECORDS
8.1 Identification of Rejected Areas
Each unacceptable discontinuity shall be indicated on the weld
by a mark directly over the discontinuity for its entire length.
The depth from the surface, location along the weld axis,
location within the cross section, size (or indication rating) shall
be noted on nearbv base metal.
8.2 Forms
For each ultrasonic testing carried out, the following
information should be identified on a report form.
a. Client
b. Project
c. Materials
d. Procedure Number
e. Report Number
f . Date
g. Testing Standard
h. Acceptance
/
Rejection Criteria
i. UT Equipment Details
j. Welding Details
k. Material Thickness
l. Surface Condition
m. Probe and Sensitivity Details
n. Weld Identification
o. Results
k. Personnel Name,
Qualification
& Signature
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9.0 ATTACHMENTS
Appendix I
-
Appendix II
-
Appendix III
-
Time-Base Linearity
Appendix IV
-
Appendix V
-
Appendix VI
-
Sweep Range
Appendix VII
-
Appendix VIII
-
Transfer Correction
Ultrasonic Test Report Format
Ultrasonic Test Equipment Performance Checklist
Table 6.2
-
Acceptable-Rejection Criteria Statically Loaded
Table 6.3
-
Acceptance-Rejection Criteria Cyclically Loaded
Table 6.7
-Testing
Angle
Table 6.7 (Cont' d)
-
Testing Angle
Figure 6.24
-
Plan View of UT Scanning Pattern
Figure 6.7
-
Class R Indications
Figure 6.7
-
Class R Indications (Cont'd)
Figure K-12
-
Discontinuity Height Dimension
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APPENDIX I
PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE THE PROBE
INDEX OF SHEAR WAVE PROBE
In,V V1
-
BLOCK
V2
-
BLOCK
1.0 GENERAL
1..1. IIW. V1 orV2block may be used.
1,.2 It may be found that manufacturer's marks or
Probes
are not of
sufficient accuracy for the purpose envisaged and the
Probe
index is the first probe characteristic which should be checked
prior to checking the beam angle or
Profile.
PROCEDURE 2.0
2.1. Place the probe on the block as shown above. Maximized the
signal by moving the probe backward and forward. Parallel to
the block sides.
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2.2 When the signal is at maximum the probe index will corresPond
to the engraved line on the block which marks the geometrical
center of the quadrant.
2.3 The probe index measurement should be repeatable to within
+/-
1mm. If the measured position differs from the existing
mark by more than l"mm, the new position should be marked
on the probe side shall be used in subsequent probe check and
defect plotting.
3.0 TOLERANCE
The probe index shall not differ by
*
/-
1.0mm.
4,0 FREQUENCY OF CHECKING
This will depend on the rate of probe wear due to usage and to the
roughness of the testing surface. When a probe is in continuous use
daily check or at least every four hours is required.
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APPENDIX II
PROCERURE TO DETERMINE THE BEAM
ANGLE OF SHEAR WAVE PROBE
C D
IIW V1
-
BLOCK
V2
-
BLOCK
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 IIW. V1 or V2 block can be used to determine the beam angle of
shear wave probe.
1,.2 The beam angle check shall be made on probe in conjunction with
the flaw detector to be used in subsequent testing.
2,.0 PROCEDURE
2.1 Place the probe on Position A to H (depending on angle of
probe) as above to receive a reflected signal from the selected
transverse hole in the block.
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2.2 Maximize the signal by moving the probe backward and forward.
When the signal is maximized the beam angle can be measured
using the probe index and engraved reference lines on the
block.
3.0 TOLERANCE
3. 1 Accuracy of measured beam angle shall be
+
/
-
2o
Marked angles are normally not accurate for worn-out probes.
Measured angle shall be recorded and marked on the probe and
used in subsequent probe checks and defect plotting.
3. 2
4.0 FREQUENCY OF CHECKING
This will depend on the rate of probe wear due to usage and to the
roughness of the testing surface. When a probe is in continues use.
Check shall be carried out every four hours or daily before production
test and the new angle shall be used for all evaluations.
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APPENDIX III
PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE THE TIME-BASE
LINERITY OF UT EQUIPMENT
C
25 mm
1.0 GENERAL
1..1. A compressional wave probe (single or twin crystals) and IIW
VL block can be used for this check.
Range of check shall be at last equal to that which is to be used
in testing.
2.0 PROCEDURE
2.1, Place the compression wave probe on Position A B or C IIW V1
block. Adjust the time-base so that the first and fifth back
walls echo indications. Coincide with particular graticule line.
1,.2
100 mm
I
I
J
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2.2 Being successive back wall echoes, in turn, to approximately the
same height (e.g. 80% full screen). The leading edge of each
echo should lie up with appropriate graticule line. Record any
deviations, measured at approximately half full screen height,
from the ideal positions.
2.3 For range less than 250mm, place the probe at B, the range greater
than 250mm, place the probe at A or C.
3.0 TOLERANCE
Deviation of the base line linearity shall not exceed
+
/
-
2% of the full
Time-base range, otherwise recalibration is required.
4.0 FREQUENCY OF CALTBRATION_
The check shall be carried out at least once per week if the unit is used
Daily or prior to production testing.
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APPENDIX IV
PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE THE
LINEARITY OF EQUIPMENT GAIN
B
100 mm
9l mm
GENERAL
This is a check on the combined result of linearity of calibrated
gain confrol and the amplifier.
Any standard calibration block can be used.
PROCEDURE
2.1 Place the probe on Position A. Adjust the gain to set this signal to
80% offull screen height and the note the value of the calibrated
control (dB). Adjust the calibrated confrol to increase the gain
by 2 dB. The signal should increase to full screen height (100%).
Restore the gain to its original value and then reduce it by
further 6 dB. The signal should fall to 40% of full screen height.
Reduce the gain by a further 6dB. The signal should fall to 20%
of full screen height. Reduce the gain by a further 6 dB. The
signal should fall to 10o/' of full screen height. Reduce the gain
by further 6 dB. The signal should fall to 5o/o of full screen
height.
l - /
t r
- r \ -
- f l
. - l
I
I
I
I
1.0
1..1
1,.2
2.0
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2.2 To determine the screen height (amplifier) linearity.
Place the probe on Position B. Adjust the probe position to give
a 2:'J. ratio of amplitudes between the first and second back wall
signal set at 80% full screen height. Without moving the probe,
adjust the gain control to successively set the first signal from
20% to 100% full screen height, in L0% or 2 dB increments. Read
the amplitude of the second signal at each setting. Record the
amplitudes of both signals.
3.0 TOLERANCE
3.1, Linearity of gain control.
Gain
(dB) Limits Expected Screen
Height
+
2 Not less than9l% 100
0- 80
6 35%to45%
40
12 1.5% to25% 20
L8 8%t o12% L0
24 Must be visible above 5
base line
3.2 Screen Height (Amplifier) Linearity.
The amplitude if the first (larger) signal must be twice the
amplitude of the second (smaller) signal, within an accuracy of
+
/
-
5% full screen height.
4.0 FREQUENCY OF CHECKING
Recalibration is necessary at least once every month or when
maintenance service is carried out on the test equipment.
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APPENDIX V
PROCDURE TO DETERMINE THE RESOLUTION
oF PROBE-EQUTPMENT COMBINATION
C
IIW Vl BLOCK
L.0
E
IOW BEAM PROFILE PROBE
GENERAL
1..1. This is a check the ability of probe-unit combined to
discriminate between signals from separate reflectors tying at
only at only slightly different ranges or near to surface.
PROCEDURE
2.1. Compression (0) probe.
2.0
2.1,.1, Place the probe on Position A. Three signals from the
85mm,91mm and L00mm should be clearly displayed.
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2.1,.2 Position B and C is to determine the near surface
resolution at the dead zone of the probe. If the reflection
from the Perspex disc at 10mm (C) and 5mm (B) could
not be displayed it should be noted as reflector within
the region would not be detected (dead zone).
2.2 Shear Wave (Angle)Probe.
2.2.1, Place the probe on Position D or E. The signal from the
side drilled hole should be distinguishably displayed'
2.2.2 Near surface resolution can be determined by using
block with side drilled holes near to the surface.
3.0 TOLERANCE
The signal amplitude of subsequent signals should be clearly
separated as indicated on the sketch below.
Full Resolution Partial resolution
4.0 FREQUENCY OF CHECKING_
The resolution check of probe
-
unit combined shall be carned out for
new probe, when beam index/angle or at least once a month.
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1.0
APPENDIX VI
SWEEP RANGE CALIBRATION
GENERAL
Sweep range calibration shall be conducted using IIW V1'/V2
calibration block for a suitable range for the thickness of material being
tested. Table 2 may be use for the selection of sweep range calibration
for difference in material thickness.
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
IIW
-
V1 and V2 blocks
calibration.
other suitable blocks can be used for
SHEAR WAVES (ANGLE) PROBE
Either VL or V2 blocks can be used for calibration.
3.1 Use IIWVl Block
Place angle probe on the block directing at L00mm quadrant.
Set up multiple signals at 100mm intervals be reflections
between the quadrant and the notches of the face of the block.
Maximized the chosen signal. Then, adjust the time-base control
so that the first of the multiple signals (not the initial pulse)
coincides with the zero gratrcule mark, and a subsequent signal
coincides with an appropriate graticule mark at the right hand
end of the screen, example if the signal at L0mm, 20mm,
300mm, etc, the first signal would be set at zero mark or third to
the
"'J.0"
mark if calibration is required over a total range of
200mm. When the correct spacing of signals has been
established, adjust the delay only so that the first of multiple
signals are placed at the graticule mark which is to correspond
to its true range.
2.0
3.0
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4.0
3.2 Use IIW V2 Block
Use IIW V2 Block
-
Place angle probe on the block directing at
25mm or 50mm quadrant. Set up repeated signals at 25mm,
100mm, 175mm, etc, when probe is directed on the 25mm
quadrant and 50mm, 125mm, 200mm, etc., when probe is
directed on the 50mm quadrant. Maximized the signals from
the 25mm quadrant or from the 50mm quadrant. Adjust the
time-base control so that:
(i) 25mm quadrant
-
the signal coincides with the 25mm
graticule mark and the second signal 100mm coincides
with 100mm graticule mark.
(ii) 50mm quadrant
-
the 50mm signal coincides with the
50mm graticule mark and the second signal 125mm
coincides with 125mm graticule mark
If a point of a sweep range calibration has moved on the timeless
by more than 10% of its original time base position, the
calibration shall be corrected with a note of the correction being
made on the report. If any signals have been recorded, all
recorded indications shall be re'examined with the corrected
calibration and their values corrected accordingly on the report.
3.3
TOLERANCE
Accurate calibration of the sweep range to
maximum range displayed is required.
FREQUENCY OF CALIBRATION
This calibration shall be verified when:-
i) at the start of series of testing
-2%
or better of the
5.0
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ULTRASONIC TESTING
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REVI SI ON: 0 AWS Dl .l : 2006 Edi ti on
ii) with any substitution of probe
/
cable
iii) with any substitution of power source
it) at least every 4 hours during testing
v) at the finish of testing
vi) at any time, when the opinion of the UT Operator, there is doubt
as to the validity of the calibration.
TABLE 2
Selection of Sweep Range Calibration for Difference in Material Thickness
Sweep Range
Calibration (mm)
Material Thickness (mm)
0o Probe 45o Probe 60' Probe 70' Probe
100
<40 <28 <20 <14
125 40-50 28-35 20-30
' t4-17
200 51-80 36-57 31.-40 18-27
250 81-100 58-71 41-50 28-34
300 72-85 51-60 3541
375 86-100 61,-75 42-51
400 76-80 52-55
500 81,-95 56-65
Page27 of40
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ULTRASONIC TESTING
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REVI SI ON: 0 AWS Dl . 1 : 2006 Edi t i on
APPENDIX VII
DAC CURVE AND SENSITIVITY CALIBRATION
L.0 Sensitivity Calibration
Standard sensitivity for examination of
Production
weld using
amplitude technique shall be: basic sensitivity
+
distance amplitude
correction
+
transfer correction.
2.0 Basic Sensitivity
Reference level screen height obtained using maximum reflection from
the 1.5mm diameter hole in the IIW block (or other block which result
in the same basic calibration sensitivity).
3.0 Distance Amplitude Correction
The sensitivity level shall be adjusted to provide for attenuation loss
throughout the range of sound path to be used by DAC curve.
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AWS-UT-OI
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PROCEDURE
APPENDIX VIII
TRANSFER CORRECTION
There is a difference in instrument sensitivity between the reference block
and test component due to test surface roughness, contact area, component
temperature and acoustical attenuation characteristic. A correction in
instrument sensitivity is required to compensate for these differences and is
described below:
RECEIVER
(TRANSMITTER) (posi ti on I
)
Fi xed
Screen display
75%
s0%
2s%
2 SKIP
Use two angle beam probes of the same type. One acting
transmitter and the other as receiver.
Place the probes in-tandem on the reference block at one skip distance
and maximize the signal to70o/o. Note down the gain (dB).
Mark on the screen or on a graphical paper the peak of the maximized
signal.
Reposition the probes to achieve peak signal at two skip distance
repeat step (3+) and join the two points to obtain line R.
1. 0
2.0
3. 0
4. 0
Global Inspection Services Sdn Bhd Page29 of40
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ULTRASONIC TESTING
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5.0 On the surface of test component, carry-out step (2) and at the same dB
gain. Increase to decrease the signal where the peak is on line R and
note down the gain (dB) difference.
The difference in dB gain of the instrument in step (2) and (5) is the
transfer correction and has to be added or subtracted during sizing of"
defects.
The first skip distance has to be greater than four inches or otherwise
the successive skip distances should be employed.
6. 0
7.0
Page 30 of40
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ULTRASONIC TESTING
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GLOBAL INSPECTION SERVICES SDN BHD (465777-A)
Seromban . 70, Jln PS 212, Tmn Pinggiran Senawang, 71450, Sbn, N.S fel : 06 6775267 Fax : 06 6797900 / 6775354
Ultrasonic Testing Report
Cl i nt
Proj6ct
Procedure No
Report No.
Date
Probe
0 Deg
45 Deg
60 Deg
70 Deg
Frequency Size Ref Levsl Tr Loss Scanning dB Renge
m 2nd BWE to
m
Mhz m FSH dB dB dB M
m m
m m
M h z m d B d B d B m
M h z m d B d B d B m
Sensitivity: Angle probe, set DAC at 80% FSH from 3.2mm O of 25mm thickness. Normal Prob sst 2nd BWE to 1000/6 FSH
CLI ENT:
SIGNATURE
DATE:
QC OEPT:
SI GNATURE:
DATE:
INSPECTED
BY:
SIGNATURE
DATE:
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GLOBAL INSPECTION SERVICES SDN BHD (6s777-^l
Ser emban : 70, Jl nPS2/ 2, TmnPi nggi r anSsnawang, 71450, Sbn, N. S Tel : 066775267Fax: 066797900/ 6775354
CALIBRATION PERFORMANCE OF ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTOR
FLAW DETECTOR MAKER
MODEL
SERIAL NUMBER
DATE ;
PROJECT:
TFST TOTERANCE
RESUL
PASS / FAIL
TIME BASE LINEARITY +l- 2o/o ECHO l mm)
l sl
oh
rd
rd
4th
oh
5th
oh
AfiENUATOR
ACCURACY
(Ret at 800/6 FSH)
+ 2dB Not Less Than 950/6
0 E0%
dB 350/6 to 45%
-18
dB Sohl o 12oh
-24
dB Vi si bl e abovs base l i n6
FSll tN
100oi6 %
800/6
oh
400h
oa
100h
oa
be vi si bl 6 %
AMHL I FI EK
LINEARITY
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SMALLER SIGNAL
AND LARGER SIGNAL HEIGHT TO BE
BETTER THAN 50/6 FSH
,r.lvl
lll
*w
sMAt;r-,
$1,0{AU
' 100% oh
,A oh
Yo
4004
oh
200/0
o/o
EUUI HMEN I
RESOLUTI ON
ALL
(3)
ECHOES TO BE CLEARLY
RESOLVED
PROB {Si USED
t s ENEI KAI I UN
STRENGTH
MINIMUM OF THREE BACK-WAIL ECHOES RqNGE
(mm}
Global Inspection Services Sdn Bhd Page 32 of 40
AWS-UT-OI
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
ISSUED : 30 January 2008
REVI SI ON: 0 AWS Dl .l :2006 Edi ti on
AVVS Dt.t/Dt.tM9006 sEcnoN 0. INSPECnON
Table 6.3
UTAcceptance-Relectlon Crlterla (Cyclicatly Loaded Nontubular Connections)
(see 6.13.2)
wcld@l in ia
[nnl
rnd Scurh Ur{t Anglc
>4|hrc{&6
Il00
2001
Sa/crlty
Chrs w tr 150
(lariA
-2& +l & +3&.
knftt lqqrcr lotttt
CNrsSB
- t + 2 4
0 + 3 + 5
OurC
+l 14 +6
+2 +5 +7
ChsE D
+3 14 +E
&up & tp ,&' uP
rwcld
rlze h hn lolarrrhdlbcttclmhdtlidacrsof tla tbiruofttptmFnrbchs
joircd.
Ndcs:
l. CtrsB rndC dkcoarlmltlcr rl|rlr bcreFrlcdby!t tctr2L,LbcirgtDc htthdtlctogerdlslhrly, crccPattd |fia tm 6nottldl
ditodnullcs rnmtreporucdby r lcir Z" Udtrc cocrUUcf b{6ofdlscodnii3 rrfitotrrplnOcr fdrac lt qd borb$ |llsltc
nrnruun rlo*:btc lcogr! uflk ihc prlrbloos d Chss B r C, drc AfcoatlurtU rhl bc oddcrcd r ftd. EptsL dltdthft
2' ctrrrB rod c ditcootiitlticrol r&tgn ur dlluco hsiur2Lfro w;d6&clr:rhr
Fimryicodtc
ircc' Ltctnr tcdlcmhtry
Lottt.
3. D6odiaulrl6 ddccd rrtcolrhglctd-h tftclodfrceuaof ClPdqUogoowwHJollsrhdlbccrobaradurhgo
hdiathgndtg4 dB
nororcdtiwrbudccr[od-h6.2e65;harsrcdd&rrcdcsln{crl|3tddorctUs'-oorhcdnwhl(slrgatts filo6chtficdiodndrs
'(f1.Ihb&lt!drpptyf-OurAOptttfr*gqtSla!otdtld-n
rdtoF![ovc$ctodfErdt{Tus.d!ovttfytbd60ltdfr'!|tbcc!
rtnovcd.
a. For hdbclootttlt rtoala o drc dlrplry nsthc rcrrtt uoll b Eoyc4 t!&i!o6.13'2'1.
Orn A 0ugr dtcdhullcs)
Aly b.ttcltb! h 6L clcapry rhrll bc rejcdcd (r:udlcssdloCth).
Chss I (rodiun di3omrhulths)
Aly irdlcrtlon ln fib crtc$ry brvi4g r l0ogth
ttrrtcr
t!|[
y4
h.
lz)uolrlull
bctljccrcd.
Cbtt C ($dl dii6ti0dllcs)
Aly hdlcrlon h thli cdrtort byht 3lclgt!
trrr&r
tir! 2 h.
[5{r6!l hthc nl@obdf or3/,f h.
[20
nrll hlrth h rlc lop a
boac $ELr d sGld fhlclp sLl bc t+d.
CI|'|D (nbrdrcillbitlcs)
tuy hdlcdo! f rtbclqoqirll bcrocr6clrqrrdcrrof tc4t! c
locrthhthcr'Cld.
Silaiqelrrcls
Soundpetl*ilin lnnl
AbovZcro
RcfucnocdB
dnough2-l/2
[65
tu]
>2-lntuvnrdt5[65 l2sm1
>stroutb10U2t 25Ontnl
> l0 througlt l5
[2t0
3EO mmJ
m
E
35
15
|7lh
cohron rtfcrr o lod gaf dtu; liDT adltl tltlclce
sil6 >3t4
tbough trous!
3t4 btn
a8
ml t2o 381
.4&, +7 & +9&
lorycr lowcr lowcr
+l & +1&, +6&
lowei lowcr b\[cr
$ i-g +ll
&up &W &up
+t 3 +l l
&rp &np
+9 +12 +14
&up &rp t l up
Page33 of40
AWS-UT-o1
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
sEcToN c. lNsPEcTlor{ AWS Ol.trDt.tM20(E
UT Accepta nce-Relectlon
Table 62
Grlterla (Statlcally toaded Nontubular Gonnectlons) (see 6.13.1)
'rveE
dr. bhri lohrrba[ bcfumnhdthi&c$of tlcttiuctof Octro
Fr$bcl4tjohc.t
l,loac!
t. Chs B rld C rtl$oottmtlca oltl be lp0r&d by .t tclrr 2!+ L bct4t ttc tcrgtt d lhc boScr dtradslhy, Grcc!3 6rr rrtm r*! or ore rrl
dcmttruhtrri!!drapcncd bya b& A" UriOo cotUce tco4i of dLodlrtrilcs r'ld OArropcrt6adfrrcc boqurt |06L't6r!6.
nulrum dc:bla tcqgtl uo&rrbc paorbloc of Ctrs B c C, tc Ctsooofsfy rldl bc ofiad r rhgla rocsFbla_dl$ailbuly..
1 Oon B rld C disod|;lhs Orl air tcgla u r Aiorcc tcrr ihol Zt nm ncU coa ctrylaf prtuy trroitc arr. L bolog 6s ditcocittuity
lolgtt.
f.
pfioattutrg
Aaoaoa rt aqnaht bvcf b tlc Ioot f!c! r&. of CtP dcrbb gmvc rdd
Joho
Sall bc ovdultcd
'q!t
.! bdhdht rr lnS a dB
norc anitivgtbrr dcrlbcd b.6r665 rhat $ct *cldrre&dgmtcd r.tdrioo rtl&'-sr rtodnrvlag (sttatrc{.1@fi,m 0c bdicdo rodoS
'tfl!
thbedl d lPty f d6rcurolll b HSwgcd b 6md-mtrl !o'tnoy. tDc roo( he |!d MT'tEd to vtslf, lt|ttlc lod hcc btbcr!
r!|orrd.
4. ESW rEdt: Discorhulr'rs daoacd l'tcaoohg torl- whlc;h crclcd 2 b. 150 nral h lcqffr rtrll bo ospcacd rs bchg plpltu
Pduht
dd
dldl bo frnttcroduucdrltb rdiogaphy.
5. Fc hdiclloortirt nanla o thc rlLplryrr tbc anrt ru& baoo!4 ttf63o 6.13.1.
t't clr(lrrycdkcodnuklcc)
tuy hdicntbn h thb Caillgory |balt bc |!Jod (r.tlnlht of lcoglhl
Chs I (uodiun distluftlos)
Aay hdlcdoa la &b c$ctpry bvht . tclttl grstc.lbm 3/.t in
t20
rnl 6oll bc
aloao4
O.ts C (Edl dtotlstd!.)
Ary hdtalor h tlb crrctory ttrbt r lqs$
trtat.f
tb|! 2 !L
lJOql ftll bcrcJocod,
OsrD @lcdirooorhrfda)
ky Htodo h tbbcacaryAr[ bclcocAlod rqgdcl of lcort c
lotior hthorcLL
Srdrylrtclr
stouodpalf hln trnnl
,fuv.Zao
Rdcrtaco,dB
througlr2.lll [65
no]
>2-t12tutn65[65 l2Jro]
>5lkogthr0tt25 250ual
> l0thswgb 15
[250
3&lonl
t4
l9
29
x)
!Tl!
cot![! r!&r !o |o|nd
rrf
db|!e; It(lTacrtl tltts.
Scvcrity
Chsr
Wdd$f h ln-
[ml
rld Scuc! Unn Anglc
5n6 >y4
drtq|$ tkqdr
3t4 bvz
tE
201
t20 381> Ut2 tluough 2-12
t38
6t >2-lf2rhrurSl4
[65
lm] >4tbrqtS!8ltm 2ml
7e 7e 7e tr 45" 7e 6r 150 7e ffi 45"
Cls$A
' +5&
+24
lwrr lffi
-2&.
+l & +3 &
lo*tr lovcr lovtr
-5&, -2&,
0&
to$rcr to*tr locrcr
:t& 1&.
-l
&
b,$er hwct lorscr
ChsrB
{6 +3 l + 2 + 4
0 + 3 + 5
4 - l + l
- 3 O+ 2
- 6- 30
-5 -2 +l
CtassC
+7 4 +t +4 +6
+2 +5 +7
-?
!o
+2
+l +3
+2*
1to
-l
b +2
+3 +2 +2
Class D
+E +5
&rp &np
+3 +6 +E
&q &up &r p
+3 +3 +5
&q &up &up
+3 +3 +4
&rp &rry &' q
Page34 of40
AWS-UT-OI
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
REVI SI ON: 0
AWS Dl .l :2006 Edi ti on
GECTON O, INIiPECTION rws Dr.t/Dt.lM200t
Table 6.7
TesUng Angle (see 6.26.5.2)
Proccduc Cbrt
Mrlaid Tticloccs, in
lruul
fl6tEl >r-r/2t381 >r/4t4t >z.rnl6f/l
t t t o t o b
Wcldlpc l-r2F8l r-y4ttil z-tnlf0l 3JZ
t90l
>3'tnp0l >'l-ltzIlt0l
b ! o
+tnurcl 5 u3ot
>5 [l3ql
lo
GIDaL60'
>eul 0@l >7[8ql
! o b
?tr8ol tPel
l ol o6E912
t Ol F6Fc Fc FdFaFc Fl z F
1s 7l 0l t 13
T. o l o c
XF
F F F F F F
4 o c 5 o r 7 s r t 0 6 l t 6 1 3 o
XF XF )(F XF XF XF
Cac o l o f
XF
t OFI GF6Ft F9F13F
o r s o f 0 r o l c o f 6 6 6 0 c
4 XF 5 r(F 7 XF l0 XF tl )(F 14 )$
Hecuogrs&,
Ecctorhg
t o l o Pt 6 l l t l l l l l
O I O G lrt or or or P3 6 P3 or P3 sr P3 6 H'
1 3 F 3 7 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 . .
RECETVER
TRAT*SMrITEF
BUTTJONT' @RNERJOINT
x
tpnst
FLUSH
!loi.*
l. Wtrt! Elclblo. rtl Grnh[b!3 drtt bc Er& fton tu A !!d h f4s f, ook$ olffic rpacftcd h tlb uDta
ii-ti^5iJltgt.lt *r"td-J.-rrlltlrrcbrcthgnur.qptlig-i"aonrbycor&r,nr|tbc-a$dhl.qtl.rtGDdbb'S_FA -
ul'm"pen6r;rb*aaieharqtdrholcuftdorraringffi-.ddli.;it-ufurybcrccrcrrfopcntcoptoro$or
6erddl!6.)
!. E(![h!t!u ia Lq U c U lott bc !!dc ooly to rdi{y poridcr of $b
rrblc c rlea cmry.b^r{ rctd |t!$ t!od? lmanftls by u
EgrEd dd rEf.cAc hcrfatm rlrhdf;po.d@ d6c rcldncoq c|.lo ncA &.cqg&totdr 6 6&62
a. A ;.rdmn of IrS III 3hCt bc r$d ordy rtcrc rft*ncrs c
fmcny
p-i*a rcr-iry of ;oda rda rclr rd HAZr h Lel I q lrf-ll
J.tllalltoorctdrf
"r"t
uyrcaoil;rxtre-th.bpF.ffiiii&irrLtiu.tiocr'tfidrcfmltctof
ryf ryE*gry3:B
rornrt ficc f, tfc Uito
{rrra
of rfUur'tn * lisaO rtf rhe ful tca of rord pogtcrd4ttn Frce A totid Froc B: Lt'' lF roP
;i"-eilh;ddib.nnodA*66F;Ahtttr.turn*g-lnkglnuioirna*rosrioqulorrdorvlscoccn
db&3
cottelctdqrcc.
C. ncwfa66c Uialcl61! bcgwrd &nbcfocrsi4 foccdm
rG.G & 9, 12, ta,c lt.FlocAfortdh u!r.t doalktddltc
b|tt
reCc.
Page 35 of40
AWS-UT-OI
ULTRASOMC TESTING
PROCEDTJRE
tyvs Dr.r/Dt.1M:@6 SECTION6, INSPECTION
Table 6.7 (Condnued)
lrgcod:
X
-Chockfron
FreqC"
G
-Grhdrrcldftccflrh
O
-NotrEqdnd.
A Rcc-thc focc of ttc ntalal &oo whlc.lr &c lrdtial rcrnolog is &ne (oa T- rld ffitcrJolrs, btlonr rbqvc
3kctcbca).
B Froc
-
opporttc &c
-a
fe (surc plate),
C Flce
-
thc hoc
Apodtc
tbc rcld on tbc coreelog trarDcr d . T- 6 coacc
joinr
r -Rc$ftcd
oalyntcrodighyrlfc$nca h.iSbt hdicatio ofdiscotirnrig i3 oobd rt thc stldrutd-b.tc
ud lstcrf.ccxdilc$arching c$lDdtg tcrcl widrFitrrrryproccducs rclcctd Eon finr colustlt
.. -Usc
t5in"
[,f(trnnl
r2Dh.[50nm] sserdilt@librrtb!.
P
-PiEh
lld crrh stdl bc oduacd for font r discordoulry anluatlor la ooly 6c trrldd hl|f of tbo
rurcrLl 61fus! wlth urly 45' c ?0e rrodusrtr of cqud
fpociflrcrtion,
bott frchg thc wcltl (Itrnr
ducctr mrst be Dctd lo r lixtrt! !o cod&ol poddotag-rcc rlcach.) Anpltude olibndon frr pitch
rod clch lr unrtlynr&tycrlhhg rrhllcrcrnbudl Wtcnruffcthsodtrrlrcd unls la
pirch rd ech laspocdo.0rcro rbmtdbcrslrare 6rtttls crlikrdodcuchrqersr rtrultof
insuuncn vrrLbler.
F
-Wcld
!E rl$lre narl hrcrfrcc tadicrtiru rlult bc firrtcr cvrlurcd wlth dthcr 7f, 60',
q
45o
rnsdrEcr-cfrlch.nEr |q|ndp|& lr HtS bbdrgpcoc.ldiculabthc nlpcclcd ftsloo rutfre.
PmccdrrcLcgeod
Arcrof WefdTilclqr
No,
Top
auutcr
Mddb
Hdf
Boem
Qudicr
?0p 7f
600 600 @
45.
@ 7v ?(f
4t. W 700
?(F(}4 7v 6(F
6f 7t tr
?OqGA 60 6r
TOqG A
15.
t0 ff ff ff
u 4r Tcst
t2 ?roA 45' ?(X}B
13 45"
t1 TOOGA 45. 45.
T(FGA 7O'AB ?fGB
Global Inspection Services Sdn Bhd Page 36 of40
AWS-UT-OI
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
REVISION:0
AWS Dl .1 :2006 Edi ti on
sEcfloN 6. lNsPEcTloN
AlrltS Dl.1/Dl.lM20O6
<--,-+
PATTERN E
MO/EMENTA
MOVEMENTC
Noles:
i] Gfng pa6ems are a! symmetrlcal sound fte weld ods wlh the ocepton of pafitn
Q
urfitclr shalt be errducled drccfly oer te
welda&.
a Tesdng fom both sl&s
qf
the reld ads shqtr be made rtretBrnr medurdcally
Psbb.
$gsre 614 Plan View of UT Scanning Pattems
(see 632)
Pase37 of40
AWS-UT-01
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
Alrvg Dl.t/D!.1M2000 sEcTroNG. IMIPECnON
qt
WEIDTHICKNESS. mm
12'
OVER
80
5
f;;
fE
5<
EE
g
14t2
1.,,- W Nolo t
\
\
,- See l,lole b
(
\
\
5
ffF
AE
EH
5l
b6
EE
t1n
:i
50
O/EB
z
WELDTt||c|(allEsg.h.
tr
r
htenrcl tnlr or ptln r ntlo@rr abo,w 3hn.hnt .nltlvlty (qcopt lDot ct ahglc rtl,bd T-. Y-. rrd X.oancglory
lr9
Flgur. o'tD.
I
Hnor Fllocb.! (aboc rfstgard lowl np to rn l lndding ttlndad sa|!ilivlv) (@.pt rDot ot lhglt ucl(ld T-. Y-, Ild Konttsctonr
pee ngun 0Q.lrlrcent lgfloclort lrplnbd by lorr tlr theh rrrnge lengltr rhr[ b h.ded .3 cotfri|Iur,
.
Figure 6.7 Clsss R Indications (sce 6.133.1)
Page 38 of40
AWS-UT-OI
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
REVI SI ON: 0
AWS Dl .l :2006 Edi ti on
sECflON 0. TNSPECTTON AWS Ot.t/Dl.1M2006
tr
WELDTHICKNESS, rnm
UtrDERTS
UI\DER12
76
12
t00
60
dt/ER 300<- FoRTH|SWELD S|ZE
CIVER 50 <- 6/ALI'ATE O/ERTI{IS
rBtqrH
Norro
ExcEED Dr2
WFIERE D IS DIAMETER)
g
EI
t r d
aJ llt
E5
fs
EH
C'
G,
ui
B
ftE
Hd
dq
A-r
HE
9S
I nl r
J O
f f F
5f;
=/
o
P
e0
uNt'ER ilz rn 1 '.1t2
U}IOERE 8 6 O
wEu).THrcKNE8S, h.
tu
2 otrER2 +FORTHTSWELDSUE
12
(ryER
12- EVATUATE OI/ERTHI6
tEtlctrtl (t.|(rTC, E(OEED Dr2
UYHEIIE D tS DIAIIIETER)
rRodrErd.corEirlrto6hllngoutr'dcth.o|t!lrttd(dnr$donr'ti'or'l!hFlgurur8.43.e..flt3.lO).t tobodroOuded
Flgure 6J (Condnued)-Class R Indicrdons
(sec 6.133.1)
I
-INTERNAL UNE ROR Pt.Altl R
REFLECTORS ABOI'E STANOARO
sENSITMITY (ECEPT ROOr OF
SINGLE WEI,"OEO T-,Y., AIIID
KONNECnONS)
\
\
\
\
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Page 39 of40
AWS.UT-OI
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
REVI SI ON: 0
AWS Dl .1 :2006 Edi ti on
Arnpltn ds drops ofirwy.r G.3arc{i unltpo.lton bdnrypd
trfii r nonnsl hcldcnt rngilc s,[h tho dbcofidro]V,
tupnt dc dog. tlghtly rtlatmorunanlof r.l'dr utllt|on dDPE
reptdly.An.mtopa of nolunc||tdoog th. blsa lnc dtoiv. d$fi[ilny
tl.lght G rardt b notsd lowardt and tl/ry to,n 0|. dsconlldrlv.
Xlgurc
$.11
Ptanar Discontinulty Characterisdcs (see 9823)
"lTl-
a
l,lailrdz. hdlcaUon h.hht
ard!4urtb r|qrc||t9nvrtua
Mor! rartdr unlt biGrds
dlsconUruty unu polnl
wtf,rr Indcroon drop!
npldyto lho brro r|t
M8|kornoLfu locruon.
Fn4
Motr raadt rnlt rtffit ttom
tha ds6.r[ru[ysnu lohl
rhor hdoa[c| dropc
rlpldyto f|. basclha
ilrrkor mb ia bcalbn.
h.Dbilrr|Vhrtlrt
dm.fdo|r
.
Dbcfitiilrltyloc.&n bfton arnlqg orhco.t m.rlutld.lone !|a
W.
Flg!rc S.12 Discondnulty Hcight Dimcusion
(see t92)
t0
Page 40 of40

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