NOVISYS, LLC 1 Unix Fundamental s and command references Solaris Linux HP-UX AIX 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 2 Commands 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 3 uname - It shows system identification information 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 4 showrev - System information with Host ID 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 5 # pwd It shows the present working directory 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 6 Unix file types 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 7 ls - List of directories and files 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 8 ls continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 9 ls continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 10 cal - It shows calendar 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 11 date - it shows the current date Date format : mm dd hh mm yy . s 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 12 mkdir to create a new directory 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 13 cd - to change the directory 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 14 rmdir or rmr - to remove the directory mv move or rename the directory or file 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 15 mv continues ( if destination directory already exists mv moves source directory to destination directory ). 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 16 cp - It copies directories and files from one location to another location. cp command copies only files from one location to another location. cp - r Can be used to copy directories. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 17 cat command is used to create or read the contents of the files. To append some more content with the existing file >> can be used. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 18 file is a command which tells you the property of file or Directory. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 19 more command displays the file contents page wise. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 20 less command displays the file content like more command but, it has to be closed with q . 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 21 touch is the command which creates zero length files or it puts time stamp on the file or files which are already exist. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 22 head command displays the file contents with option 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 23 tail command displays file contents like head with - , + option. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 24 sort command displays file contents in ascending and descending order. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 25 wc - word count command displays words, lines, chars, bytes, memsize and all. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 26 which command shows the location of the commands, which are set in environment variable PATH 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 27 df Disk free command shows the disk space level 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 28 clear command clears the screen 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 29 ttythe terminal command shows the pseudo terminals. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 30 echo command show the given value or shows the value of the environment varriables. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 31 grep is the command which displays the line with the matching pattern. It can be executed with more options. Searches for the expression as a complete word, ignoring those matches that are substrings of larger words. - w Counts the lines that contain the pattern - c Inverts the search to display lines that do not match the pattern - v Precedes each line with the relative line number in the file - n Lists the names of files with matching lines - l Searches for both uppercase and lowercase characters - i Definition Option 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 32 The grep command supports several regular expression Meta characters to further define a search pattern. This table describes some of the regular expression meta characters. Regular expression meta characters: Matches all lines ending with pattern pattern$ End of line anchor $ Matches all lines beginning with pattern ^pattern Beginning of line anchor ^ Result Exampl e Purpose Metacharacter 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 33 Additional regular expression meta characters: Matches Lowercase Alphanumeric characters or nothing at all [a-z]* Matches the preceding item zero or more times * Matches lines containing a p,followed by Five characters, and followed by an n p.....n Matches one character . Result Example Purpose Metacharacter 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 34 grep continues Matches lines that do not contain a through mand followed byattern [^am] attern Matches one character not in the pattern [^] Matches lines Containing Patternor pattern [Pp]attern Matches one character in the pattern [ ] Result Example Purpose Metacharacter 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 35 grep continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 36 grep continues . 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 37 grep continues .. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 38 grep continues .. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 39 grep continues . 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 40 grep continues. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 41 grep continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 42 The egrep command searches the contents of one or more files for a pattern using extended regular expression metacharacters. Extended regular expression metacharacters include the regular expression metacharacters that the grep command uses, plus some additional metacharacters. Egrep 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 43 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 44 Matches lines Containing the literal character or metacharacter it follows patte[r?] Matches zero or one character ? Matches for either expression apple | orange Matches either x or y x | y Matches one or more lowercase letters followed by ark(for example, airpark, bark,dark, landmark,shark, sparkle,trademark) [a-z]+ark Matches one or more of the preceding characters + Result Sample Purpose Metacharacter Egrep 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 45 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 46 egrep Example : 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 47 egrep continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 48 egrep continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 49 Pgrep The process grep command finds and displays the process ID along with Its parent process ID. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 50 find is a command to find a file or directory in the system globally. FIND 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 51 find continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 52 find continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 53 find continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 54 find continues .. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 55 w is a command which shows the particular users Information in an elaborate manner. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 56 SU command can be used to switch over from one user to an other user physically. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 57 who command shows a respective users information 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 58 who continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 59 id command shows users ID and primary group ID 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 60 finger command displays the user information along with users status 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 61 Link is a command which creates link between source and destination file. The following example shows the symbolic link. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 62 Hard Link creates link between source and destination. 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 63 Unix File permissions 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 64 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 65 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 66 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 67 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 68 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 69 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 70 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 71 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 72 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 73 Changing file permissions in symbolic mode 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 74 chmod continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 75 chmod continues in octal mode 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 76 chmod continues in octal mode 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 77 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 78 umask continues 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 79 Korn Shell 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 80 The Default korn shell variables 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 81 Customizing Korn Shell Variable To change the shell environment from Bourn shell to Korn shell : 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 82 To change the prompt .. To change the prompt variable 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 83 History command 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 84 alias command 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 85 Using VI Editor Identifying the Fundamentals of vi Editor operation Introducing the vi editor modes of operation The command mode The edit mode The last line mode Switching between the command and edit modes Introducing the vi command 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 86 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 87 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 88 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 89 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 90 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 91 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 92 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 93 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 94 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 95 Remote Login using TELNET and RLOGIN 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 96 Using RLOGIN 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 97 File Archives tar - c - to create tar archive - v - to get verbose - f - the out put device or directory - t - table of contents - x - extract from the tar archive 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 98 Exampl e To see the table of content To create tar archive 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 99 To extract from the tar archive 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 100 Compress To compress the tar archive 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 101 Example for compress archive 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 102 Uncompressing tar archive 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 103 gzip To create gzip archive 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 104 To extract the tar archive by gunzip 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 105 Unix Administration Solaris 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 106 Solaris User Administration Each user account consists of five main components: User name Password Users home directory Users login shell User initialization files 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 107 Before you can add user accounts to the system, you must determine the following information for each new user: Login name User identification (UID) number Group identification (GID) number Comment home directory Login shell Password aging Managing User Accounts 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 108 The Solaris Operating Environment stores user account and group account information in the following system files: /etc/passwd Authorized system users have login account entries in the /etc/passwd file. /etc/shadow All passwords are encrypted and maintained in a separate shadow file named /etc/shadow. /etc/group The /etc/group file defines the default system group accounts. Storing User and Group Account information 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 109 root:x:0:1:Super-User:/:/sbin/sh daemon:x:1:1::/: bin:x:2:2::/usr/bin: sys:x:3:3::/: adm:x:4:4:Admin:/var/adm: lp:x:71:8:Line Printer Admin:/usr/spool/lp: smtp:x:0:0:Mail Daemon User:/: uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp: nuucp:x:9:9:uucp Admin:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/ lib/uucp/uucico listen:x:37:4:Network Admin:/usr/net/nls: nobody:x:60001:60001:Nobody:/: noaccess:x:60002:60002:No Access User:/: nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x Nobody:/: The /etc/passwd file format 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 110 root:LXeoktCoMtwZN:6445:::::: daemon:NP:6445:::::: bin:NP:6445:::::: sys:NP:6445:::::: adm:NP:6445:::::: lp:NP:6445:::::: smtp:NP:6445:::::: uucp:NP:6445:::::: nuucp:NP:6445:::::: listen:*LK*::::::: nobody:NP:6445:::::: noaccess:NP:6445:::::: nobody4:NP:6445:::::: The /etc/shadow file format 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 111 root::0:root other::1: bin::2:root,bin,daemon sys::3:root,bin,sys,adm adm::4:root,adm,daemon uucp::5:root,uucp mail::6:root tty::7:root,tty,adm lp::8:root,lp,adm nuucp::9:root,nuucp staff::10: daemon::12:root,daemon sysadmin::14:lister,torey nobody::60001: noaccess::60002: nogroup::65534: The /etc/group file format 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 112 The following command-line tools add, modify, and delete user accounts and group accounts on the local system: useradd Adds a new user account usermod Modifies a users account userdel Deletes a users account groupadd Adds (creates) a new group account groupmod Modifies a group account groupdel Deletes a group account Command line User Account Administration 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 113 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 114 Exampl e : 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 115 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 116 Exampl e : 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 117 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 118 Example : 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 119 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 120 Exampl e : 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 121 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 122 Exampl e : 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 123 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 124 Exampl e : 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 125 Solaris Package Administration 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 126 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 127 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 128 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 129 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 130 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 131 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 132 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 133 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 134 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 135 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 136 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 137 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 138 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 139 Scheduled Process Control 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 140 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 141 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 142 Viewing current process status 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 143 Re-scheduling the process 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 144 Administering the active process 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 145 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 146 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 147 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 148 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 149 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 150 Crontab for the root user 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 151 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 152 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 153 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 154 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 155 Solaris run level and Boot process 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 156 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 157 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 158 The Boot Process 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 159 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 160 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 161 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 162 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 163 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 164 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 165 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 166 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 167 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 168 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 169 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 170 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 171 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 172 Solaris syslog 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 173 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 174 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 175 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 176 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 177 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 178 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 179 25-Jan-09 Vinay Kumar Eadara NOVISYS, LLC 180