CilAP. I. WALLS AND PIERS.

S93
with a central culiinin, a prodi.'ioiis wciglit superimposed. It is needless to say that,
in such instances, the strongest material \v:\s necessary, and we always find it so employed.
So in the columns, or rather pillars, of the naves in such edifices, the greatest care was
usually taken to select the hardest stone. Generally speaking, the thickness of walls and
piers should be propoitioned rather to their height than to the weight tiiey are to bear;
hence often the employment of a better material, though more costly, is in truth the most
economical.
1502. Table of the Weight uequired to Crush Cubes of Stone.
Materials.
Specific
Gravity.
Cracking
Weight.
Cnisbing
Weiglit.
I. (7ri7es (2-inch cubes): lbs. lbs.
Aberdeen (blue) - - . - .

10,363 B
Dartmoor - - - - . . 12,175 B
Haytor-
......
13,865 B
Herm
--.--.-
14,873 B
Penriiyn
......
7,728 B
Peterhead (blue) - - - - -

10,192 B
Ditto (grey) - . - . .
9,666 B
11. Limestones (2-inch cubes) :
Marble (white)

9 580
Bolsover
--....
2316 19,831 30,147-5 C
Bramham INIoor, Smawse
... 2008 I0,6(i6-5 23,649-7 C
Brodsworth
-_---.
209.3 7,366-5 18,416-5 C
Cadeby
..-.-.
19,-:i 5,666-5 6,516-5 C
Chilmark (three specimens) :
-
2410 10,285 25,500 C
Hamhill 2260 6,233 16,149 C
Hildenley
--.--. 2098 17,565-5 19,266-5 C
Huddlestone- - - . . - 2147 9,633 17,283 C
Jackdaw Craig . . . - . 2070 10,666-5 18,903 C
Park Nook
------
2138 7,366-5 17,283 C
Roche Abbey - - - . . 2134 6,800 15,583 C
Totternhoe
------
1891 3,966 7,700 C
! I L Oolites (2-inch cubes) :
Ancaster
_.-.-- 2182 6,800 9,350 C
Barnack
..._--
2090 4,533 7.083 C
Haydor
.--..- 2040 4,533 7,083 C
Ketton
------
2645 6,233 10,285 C
Ketton Rag
------ 2490 14,166-5 35,983 C
Poi tland ( Waycrolt Quarry) - - . 2145 8,500 15.583 C
Box 1839 5,100 5,950 C
IV. S'tnds/oes (2- inch cubes):
Bramley Fall
.....
2506

6.053
Binnie
-.---.- 2194 10,766-5 20,116-5 C
Craigleith
-.----. 2266 17,000 31,449-5 C
Ditto 2452

5,480 C
Darley Dale, Stancliffe
....
2628 26,014-5 28,333 C
Derby .......

3,110 C
Dundee
......
6,490 C
GlIFneuch
--.... 2230 13,698 19,266-5 C
Ileddon
...-.-
2229 7,366-5 15,866 C:
Hookstone
..--.-
2253 17.566-5 23,2:53 C
Kenton
...---
2247 13,698 19,831 C
RIanslield, or C. Lindley's (red) 2338 8,0.38 20.397 C
Ditto, or ditto (white)
-
2277 10,285 20.963-5 C
Morley IMoor - - . . . 2053 6,2'55 19,833 C
Park Spring
---.--
2321
'
15,866 30,316 C
Redgate
-----
2'J39 15.383 23,649-7 C
Stanley
..--.-
2227 10,285 23,883 C
1502a. In the above list B stands fyr Bramah, and C for the Commissioners' Report,
Sec. It is of very great importance to notice that the size of the cubes experimented upon
by the latter, was only two inches ; those by Rennie were only one and a half inch
cubes. A set of experiments on Portland stone, of the weight sustained up to the point
of fracture, i.e. the crushing weight, by accurately cut cubes of two inch faces placed