404 THEORY or ARCIlITECTrRE. Knr.

K
II.
(Uonio), whose height of imve is 51 ft. 2 in, and width 42 ft. 2 in., .vith a height c,f 16ft.
of wall above the side aisles, givei 21 in. 4 lines, and they are actually a little less thaa 24 in.
1549. In the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, the width is 52 ft. 7.1 in., and 56 ft. 6 in.
and 4 lines high, to the ceiling under tlie roof. The height of the wall above the side
aisles is 19 ft. K fti., and the calculation requires the thickness of the walls to be
26^
in.
instead of
28J
in., their actual thickness.
1550. In the cliurch of St. Lorenzo, at Florence, the internal width of the nave is
37 ft. 9 in., and the height 69 ft. to the wooden ceiling
;
from the side ai.^les the wall is
I 8 ft. high. The result of the calculation is 21 in., and the actual execution 21 in. and
6 lines.
1551. The church of Santo Spirito, in the same city, which has a woodeii ceiling sus-
pended to the trusses of the roof, is 76 ft. high and 37 ft. 4 in. wide in the nave the walls
rise 19 ft. above the side aisles. From an application of the rule the thickness should be
21 in. 3 lines, and their thickness is
22;^
in.
1552. In the church of St. Philip])o Neri, at Naples, the calculation requires a thicknesj
of 21 in., their actual thickness being 22^ in.
1553. In the churches here cited, the external walls are much thicker ;
which was ne.
cessary, from the lower roofs being applied as hantnes, and hence having a tendency, in
case of defective framing of them, to thrust out the externnl walls. Thus, in the church
of St. Paolo, the walls are 7 ft. thick, their height 40 ft.
; 3 ft. 4 in. only being the thickness
recjuired by the rule. A resistance is thus givtn capable of assisting the walls of the aisles,
which are raised on isolated columns, and one which they require.
1554. In the church of Santa Sabina, tlie exterior wall, which is 26 ft. high, is, as the
rule indicates, 26 in. thick
; but the nave is flanked with a single aisle only on each side, and
the walls of the nave are thicker in proportion to the height, and are not so high. For at
St. Paolo the thickness of the walls is only
J,
of the interior width, whilst at Santa Sabina
it is
Jp
At San Lorenzo and San Spirito the introduction of the side chapels affords great
a.ssistance to the external walls.
Seconh Rule.
jPor the Thickness
of
Walls
xf
Houses
of
more than one Stori/.
1555. As in the preceding case, the rules wliidi Rondelct gives are the result of ob-
servations on a vast number of buildings th.it have beeu executed, so tliat the method
proposed is founded on practice as well as on theory.
1556. In ordmary houses, wlierein tlie height of the floors rarely exceeds 12 to 15 ft.,
in order to ajiportion the proper thickness to the interior or partition walls, we must be
guided by the widths of the spaces they separate, and the number of floors they have to carry.
With respect to the external walls, their thickness will depend on the dejith
;ind
height of
the liuilding. 'I'hus a sinyle house, as the phra'-e is, that is, only one set of apartimiits in
def)th, re(]iiires thicker external walls than a double house, that is, more than one apartment
in depth, of the same sort and height
;
because the stability is in the inverse ratio ofthe width.
1557. Let us take the first ofthe two cases
{fy.
606.),
whose depth is 24 ft. and height
f
^/'
^Mf--'^7^=w=^^'='tyt^^
^
^^^4^^
f^^jM__^^_^m^^^=,^^=;^
, , , ,,,? J&-
to the under side of the roof 36 ft. Add to 24 ft. the half of the height, 1
8, and take
j,
part
of the sum 42, that is, 21 in., for the least thickness of each ofthe external walls above the
set-off
on the ground floor. For a mean stability add an inch, and for one still more solid
add two inches.
1558. In the case of a double house
(fc/.
607.)
with a depth of 42 ft., and of the same
height as the preceding example, add half the height to the width of the building ; that is,
21 to 18, and
^-^
ofthe sum =19j is the thickness ofthe walls. To determine the thickness
of the partition walls, add to their distance from each other the height of the story, and
take 3'g
of the sum. Thus, to find the thickness of the wall IK, which divides the space
LM into two parts and is 32 ft., add the height of the story, which we will take at 10 ft-,
making in all 42 ft., and take
^'g
or 14 in. Half an inch may be added for each story above
the ground floor. Thus, where three stories occur above the ground floor, the thickness in