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Proceedings of 07

th
IRF International Conference, 22
nd
J une-2014, Bengaluru, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-29-2
110
OPTIMIZING BATTERY USAGE OF SMARTPHONES BY EFFICIENT
DESIGN OF NEXT GENERATION ANDROID APPLICATION ON
CLOUD ARCHITECTURE

VANDNA SINGLA

E-mail: vagrawal41@gmail.com


Abstract- With the development of the smartphones, the demand in the market is increasing, thats consuming more energy.
In next generation Cloud computing provides improvement in productivity. It provides many advantages for
businessesincluding low initial capital investment. Now it is time to upload web services on the cloud. Energy saving in the
mobile connected to cloud depends on the connectivity of the access network like 2G, 3G, WLAN etc. Secondly the operating
system also matters if you are using the LINUX Server it takes less energy consumption then the windows server which
depends on the execution of the process. We can also increase the mobile RAM to decrease the energy requirements. At last
if we say the basic unit of data transmission is Packets. Least packet size consumes least energy. If the size of the data packets
increases it will consume more energy. This paper focuses on energy saving of smartphones by using cloud.

Keywords- Battery Usage, Cloud Computing, Energy Consumption, Offloading


I. INTRODUCTION

Mobile devices are used for various applications such
as making voice/video calls, messages, browsing
internet, playing games/audios and so on. Cloud
computing provides improvement in productivity. It is
extremely easy to use cloud computing may sound
geeky, but a decision to invest software is often driven
by a good business dense. It provides many advantages
for businessesincluding low initial capital
investment. Lower maintenance and operation costs,
shorter startup times for new services higher
utilization through virtualization, and easier disaster
recoverythat make cloud computing an attractive
option. Now for cloud computing for mobile users, the
primary constraints for mobile computing are limited
wireless bandwidth and energy. Cloud computing can
provide energy savings as a service to mobile users,
though it also poses some unique challenges.

Energy saving in the mobile connected to cloud
depends on the connectivity, it is less when it is
connected through wireless LAN it is maximum when
it is connected through the 2G and in between when
connected through the 3G. Secondly the operating
system also matters if you are using the LINUX Server
it takes less energy consumption then the windows
server which depends on the execution of the process.
We can also increase the mobile RAM to decrease the
energy requirements. At last if say the basic unit of
data transmission is Packets. Least packet size
consumes least energy. If the size of the data packets
increases it will consume more energy.

This work suggests that there are several benefits in
shifting computing from Mobile to cloud. Processing
speed and storage capacity is inversely proportional to
battery life which limits smartphones as a replacement
for laptops and tablets. The advent of cloud computing
in smartphones eradicated the computation power,
storage and battery constraints that limited
smartphones from running PC like capabilities. It
made smartphones scalable in terms of storage and
processing capability. It is easy to make battery
savings without missing out on the features you love.
A lot of people never switch from defaults, even if they
find them annoying, but they really should. This can
be done by offloading the computations. The
application performs three different tasks, locally on
the mobile phone and by offloading the tasks to the
cloud. The tasks was timed which in turn will answer
if it is faster to perform the functions locally, on the
mobile phone, or if it is faster to use the cloud. The
results from the tests was compared by using statistical
methods to conclude if cloud offloading is beneficial
for mobile phone applications.

1.1 FEATURES
The developed system has the following main
features:
1. The application helps in doing heavy
computational tasks on mobile as well as on
the cloud.
2. First it generates prime numbers from 1 to
50000 and above on the mobile phone and
then the same task is offloaded to cloud and
the time consumed in computation is
recorded.
3. It also helps in arranging a text file into an
alphabetical order and time is calculated for
both cloud and mobile system.
4. Third is to sort digits in text file (text file can
be of 200,400,600 till 1600 digits) and time is
calculated for both cloud and mobile.
Optimizing Battery Usage of Smartphones By Efficient Design of Next Generation Android Application on Cloud Architecture
Proceedings of 07
th
IRF International Conference, 22
nd
J une-2014, Bengaluru, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-29-2
111
1.2 CLOUD COMPUTING MODELS
Cloud Computing is internet-based computing service
where shared resources like hardware, software and
information are provided to the customers on demand,
like the electricity grid.

Definition: Cloud Computing can be defined as a type
of distributed and parallel system consisting of a
collection of virtualized and inter connected
computers. Some of the emerging Cloud-based
application services include data storage E-Banking,
social networking, web hosting, content delivery, data
processing etc.

1.2.1 CLOUD MODELS
Cloud systems are divided into categories on the basis
of the type of clients which will be taking its services.

Different types of Cloud available are as follows:
a) Public Cloud Model: Public Cloud is a network
of datacenters. Service providers of public Cloud sell
services to anyone on the internet. Amazon Web
Services is the largest public Cloud provider. Public
clouds are owned and operated by companies that use
them to offer rapid access to affordable computing
resources to other organizations or individuals.

b) Private Cloud Model: Private Cloud is a
proprietary network or a datacenter that supplies
hosted services to limited number of people. An
example is NASAs Nebula [11]. A private cloud is
owned and operated by a single company that controls
the way virtualized resources and automated services
are customized and used by various lines of business
and constituent groups.
c) Community Cloud Model: Community Cloud
came into existence when several organizations have
similar requirements and seek to share infrastructure.
It gives higher level of privacy as compared to public
Cloud and its services are more expensive than public
Cloud services. Most companies with private clouds
will evolve to manage workloads across data centers,
private clouds and public cloudsthereby creating
hybrid clouds.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Cloud computing is different from the client-server
computing model in aspects of adoption of
virtualization in cloud computing. Through
virtualization the cloud vendors can execute random
programs given by the users. Mobile users can use the
computation cycles provided by the cloud vendors, so
that amount of computation on mobile systems reduce
to a great extent and resultantly increase battery life.
So cloud computing provides energy saving as a
service to mobile users particularly called as
Computation Offloading.
CLOUD COMPUTING IN SMARTPHONE: IS
OFFLOADING A BETTER-BET?

Milindkumar H. Tandel, Vijay S. Venkitachalam
presented that Smart phones have evolved a lot over
the years. However they are still limited by the amount
of computation power and storage space they have. On
the other hand, cloud-computing aims to augment
smart phone capabilities by providing vast pool of
computation power and unlimited storage space. It is
evident that smart phone computation power has risen
enormously due to cloud computing. However, it is not
clear whether cloud computing paradigm in smart
phones can lead to sustainable energy consumption or
not. Though cloud enabled smart phones consumes
less battery than their counterparts in some cases, the
total energy consumption including the backend data
servers may prove otherwise. Therefore it is necessary
to do evaluation of end to end energy consumption
from mobile device to datacenter taking into
consideration all the network components energy
consumption. This paper presents a model for
comparative analysis of energy consumption and
performance when the task is performed locally and
when the task is offloaded to remote server. Wi-Fi and
3G are two most common technologies used to
connect to internet. This paper also compares energy
consumption while offloading using both Wi-Fi and
3G architecture.

LIMITATIONS
1. Low Bandwidth: One of the biggest issues of
MCC is bandwidth. The lack of wireless
networks with large speed and latency is a
major issue in MCC.
2. Availability: Mobile users may not be able to
connect to the cloud due to traffic congestion,
lack of network coverage and various failures
in the network.
3. Heterogeneity: WCDMA, WiMAX, GPRS,
WLAN and CDMA2000 are various access
technologies used by different mobiles to
access services offered by the cloud.
4. Security: Security is one the greatest issues in
MCC as all the data of different users can be
stored in the same cloud. Maintaining
privacy of the users data from various
threats is a major
5. Integrity: The data must not be altered due to
external intrusion. To prevent integrity,
security and privacy, authentication must be
provided as service before a module user can
offload his processes from the mobile.

III. PROPOSED APPROACH

3.1 METHODOLOGY
Optimizing Battery Usage of Smartphones By Efficient Design of Next Generation Android Application on Cloud Architecture
Proceedings of 07
th
IRF International Conference, 22
nd
J une-2014, Bengaluru, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-29-2
112
In this approach, there are two phases. We are
comparing the time and energy consumed when we
are offloaded the computations and in second when
the computations are performed in the mobile. This
work is using web as a client services of the cloud.
Web services are used for computation in the cloud.

Figure 3.1: MOBILES ARE CONNECTING WITH CLOUD
FOR COMPUTATIONS

In case of mobile computation the functions are
defined in the same package in which the activities
are created.

Prime_ No (Limit) Function
Figure3.2: CALLING FUNCTION FROM MOBILE

3.2 OFFLOADING AND NO OFFLOADING
SCENARIO

The client machine had a less powerful processor and
RAM. The server machine emulating a cloud server
was a more powerful machine with a high processing
processor and higher RAM. The experiment for the
no offload scenario and for the offload scenario is
done. In the no offload scenario the network part is not
involved and so the total energy consumed by the
client machine while performing the task will be the
total energy of this scenario. In the offload scenario
the network and server add to the energy consumed
along with the client. So in order to find the total
end-to-end energy consumed we need to find the
energy consumed at the client, server and the network
which carry out the offloading process from the client
to the server. The application performed three
different tasks, locally on the mobile phone and by
offloading the tasks to the cloud. The tasks was timed
which in turn will answer if it is faster to perform the
functions locally, on the mobile phone, or if it is faster
to use the cloud. As previously mentioned there are
crucial factors like mobile phone computation
capacity and network connection to consider.

IV. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

Instead a web service shares business logic that we
have uploaded on the cloud. So that it can share data,
business logic and process through a programmatic
interface across a network. Unlike traditional client/
server model, such as web server or webpage system,
web server do not provide the user with GUI.

4.1 PRIME NUMBERS
Limit of
series of
Prime
Numbers

Cloud Time in
Millisecond
Mobile
Time in
Millisecond
1000 01 02
2000 01 05
3000 03 15
7000 04 76
15000 08 328
25000 08 Mobile
Hanged
Table 4.1: Time Comparison for Series of Prime
Number

4.2 SORTING OF WORDS
Words
limit in
Text
File
Cloud Time in
Millisecond
Mobile Time in
Millisecond
100
words
02 08
200
words
02 07
300
words
140143881680 10
Table4.2: Time Comparisons for Sorting of Words
Optimizing Battery Usage of Smartphones By Efficient Design of Next Generation Android Application on Cloud Architecture
Proceedings of 07
th
IRF International Conference, 22
nd
J une-2014, Bengaluru, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-29-2
113
4.3 SORTING OF NUMBERS
Sorting of
Numbers
Cloud Time in
Millisecond
Mobile Time
in
Millisecond
200 digits 02 01
400 digits 02 06
600 digits 01 03
800 digits 02 05
1000 digits 02 06
1200 digits 02 09
1400 digits 01 09
Table 4.3: Time Comparisons for Sorting of Numbers

CONCLUSION

This paper presents how to save the energy of
smartphones with the offloading on the cloud. It will
mainly help the mobile users to check any task will be
beneficial or not with the offloading. The results show
that, time consumed for a computation intensive task
in a no-offloading scenario is much higher compared
to the time consumed for executing the same task in an
offloading scenario.

FUTURE SCOPE

Offloading computational task on cloud have wide
future scope. Offloading using Wi-Fi is more energy
efficient compared to offloading using 3G. The
performance achieved using Wi-Fi is also
significantly high compared to the same using 3G.
Future work will be focused on performing the same
task on other mobile OS like iOS, Blackberry OS etc.
The present implementation offloads the task to a
single server.

It would be interesting to observe the energy
consumption when the task is divided among multiple
servers. The problem with the new generation of
Smartphone is maximum consumptions of the battery
due to more data transfer between the server & the
cell. So therefore is great need to find the technologies
which can enhance the battery life or to design
application for android in such a fashion that which
consumes less battery of new generation smart phones.


REFERENCES

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Hong,Usage Pattern Analysis of Smartphones, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering ,Pohang University of
Science and Technology,Pohang, Republic of Korea.
[2] Cloud Computing in Smartphone: Is offloading a better-bet?
Milindkumar H. Tandel, Vijay S. Venkitachalam, Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Wichita,
Kansas 67260-0083
[3] Swati Tiwari, Praveen Sen, Department Of Embedded System
and Computing, Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur
University, 2014.
[4]. Koshy, K.I.; J uby, A.M.; Namboodiri, V.; Overcash, M.; "Can
cloud computing lead to increased sustainability of mobile
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[5] Daniel Schien,DR.Chris Preist,Dr.Mike Yearworth and Paul
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[6] Chow, R., Golle, P., J akobsson, M., Masuoka, R., Molina, J .,
Shi, E. & Staddon, J . (2009). Controlling Data in the Cloud:
Outsourcing Computation without Outsourcing Control.
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