I SSN: 2278 7798

I nternational J ournal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJ SETR)

Volume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

All Rights Reserved 2012 IJSETR
18


IMAGE BASED PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION FOR
ILLITERATES WITH TOUCHSCREEN
V.SRIDHAR
1

1
Assistant Professor, ECE, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad


ABSTRACT: I mage based password authentication for illiterates with touch screen interfacing provides an image
based security system, which can be installed in poultry forms, houses and all kinds of domestic and industrial applications.
The main aim of this paper is to provide a security system for illiterates. This system provides user-friendly environment for
the users with a kind of image interaction. Here the password need not be a string of characters it can use few images; this
may be easy for the illiterates to remember. This device makes use of a touch screen sensor based graphical LCD which
makes the things still easier. This paper gives us the exposure about how to efficiently make use of the touch screen
technology to interface with the appliances in our practical life. I t can also be operated very easily with the hand so can be
used even by very old people and also by the illiterates. Touch screens provide fast access to any and all types of digital
media, with no text-bound interface getting in the way. Faster input can mean better service. Using a touch interface can
effectively increase operator accuracy, reduce training time, and improve overall operational efficiencies, thus keeping costs
down, a properly designed touch interface can improve each operator's accuracy. Touch screens are practical in automation,
which has become even simpler with touch screen technology. Owners familiar with the icon system appreciate touch
screens that make automation systems user friendly. I n this paper we make use of an onboard computer which has many
input and output ports. This Onboard computer is also termed as micro controller. All the input and the output modules are
interfaced with this control unit. The image input from the graphical LCD is processed by the controller and provides access
to the user if the password received is correct. Embedded c program is used or supporting software.
Keywords: LCD, MI CROCONTROLLER, SECURI TY, I MAGE, PASSWORD
I. INTRODUCTION

The paper aims in developing a system which is very
helpful for illiterates in secure accessing, who are not able to
remember passwords. Image based password authentication
for illiterates with touch screen interfacing provides an image
based security system, which can be installed in poultry
forms, houses and all kinds of domestic and industrial
applications. The main aim of this paper is to provide a
security system for illiterates.
This system provides user-friendly environment for
the users with a kind of image interaction. Here the password
need not be a string of characters it can use few images this
may be easy for the illiterates to remember. This device makes
use of a touch screen sensor which makes the things still
easier. This paper gives us the exposure about how to
efficiently make use of the touch screen technology to
interface with the appliances in our practical life. It can also
be operated very easily with the hand so can be used even by
very old people and also by the illiterates.

Touch screens provide fast access to any and all
types of digital media, with no text-bound interface getting in
the way. Faster input can mean better service. Using a touch
interface can effectively increase operator accuracy, reduce
training time, and improve overall operational efficiencies,
thus keeping costs down, a properly designed touch interface
can improve each operator's accuracy. Touch screens are
practical in automation, which has become even simpler with
touch screen technology. Owners familiar with the icon
system appreciate touch screens that make automation
systems user friendly.
In this paper we make use of an onboard computer
which has many input and output ports. This Onboard
computer is also termed as micro controller. All the input and
the output modules are interfaced with this control unit. The
image input from the touch screen is processed by the
controller and provides access to the user if the password
received is correct


I SSN: 2278 7798
I nternational J ournal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJ SETR)
Volume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

All Rights Reserved 2012 IJSETR
19



1.1 Block Diagram:

Image based password authentication for illiterates with
touch screen
Micro
controller
LED indicators
Regulated power supply
Stepper
Motor
driver
Stepper
motor
Touch
screen
sensor
ADC
Crystal oscillator
Motor
Power
supply
Reset
Buzzer
driver
Buzzer


Fig 1.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IMAGE BASED
PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION FOR ILLITERATES
WITH TOUCH SCREEN



2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

2. The major building blocks of this project are:
1. Regulated power supply with voltage regulator.
2. Micro controller
3. Touch screen sensor.
4. Stepper motor














2.1 Microcontroller:


Fig: 2.1 Microcontrollers

The microcontroller used in this project is PIC16F72.
The PIC families of microcontrollers are developed by
Microchip Technology Inc. Currently they are some of the
most popular microcontrollers, selling over 120 million
devices each year. There are basically four families of PIC
microcontrollers:
PIC12CXXX 12/14-bit program word
PIC 16C5X 12-bit program word
PIC16CXXX and PIC16FXXX 14-bit program word
PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX 16-bit program word

2.2 Regulated power supply:

Fig : 2.2 Regulated power supply

I SSN: 2278 7798
I nternational J ournal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJ SETR)
Volume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

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20


The basic circuit diagram of a regulated power
supply (DC O/P) with led connected as load is shown in fig:
2.4
Fig 2.4 Circuit diagram of Regulated Power Supply with
Led connection
The components mainly used in above figure are
230V AC MAINS
TRANSFORMER
BRIDGE RECTIFIER(DIODES)
CAPACITOR
VOLTAGE REGULATOR(IC 7805)
RESISTOR
LED(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)

2.3 Touch screen: Touch screens emerged from
academic and corporate research labs in the second half of the
1960s. One of the first places where they gained some
visibility was in the terminal of a computer-assisted learning
terminal that came out in 1972 as part of the PLATO project.
They have subsequently become familiar in kiosk systems,
such as in retail and tourist settings, on point of sale systems,
on ATMs and on PDAs where a stylus is sometimes used to
manipulate the GUI and to enter data. The popularity of smart
phones, PDAs, portable game consoles and many types of
information appliances is driving the demand for, and the
acceptance of, touch screens.


2.3.1 Technologies of touch screen
There are a number of types of touch screen technology.
1. Resistive
2. Surface acoustic wave
3. Capacitive
4. Surface capacitance
5. Projected capacitance
6. Infrared
7. Strain gauge
8. Optical imaging
2.3.2 Working of Resistive Touch screens:


Fig 2.3 Diagram of touch screen working
1. Polyester Film 2. Upper Resistive circuit Layer 3.
Conductive ITO (Transparent Metal Coating).4. Lower
Resistive Circuit Layer 5. Insulating Dots
6.Glass/AcrylicSubstrate7. Touching the overlay surface
causes the (2) Upper Resistive Circuit Layer to contact the (4)
Lower Resistive Circuit Layer, producing a circuit switch
from the activated area.8. The touch screen controller gets the
alternating voltages between the (7) two circuit layers and
converts them into the digital X and Y coordinates of the
activated area.
I SSN: 2278 7798
I nternational J ournal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJ SETR)
Volume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

All Rights Reserved 2012 IJSETR
21


Because of its versatility and cost-effectiveness,
resistive touch screen technology is the touch technology of
choice for many markets and applications. Resistive touch
screens are used in food service, retail point-of-sale (POS),
medical monitoring devices, industrial process control and
instrumentation, portable and handheld products.
Resistive touch screen technology possesses many
advantages over other alternative touch screen technologies
(acoustic wave, capacitive, Near Field imaging, and infrared).
Highly durable, resistive touch screens are less susceptible to
contaminants that easily infect acoustic wave touch screens.
In addition, resistive touch screens are less sensitive
to the effects of severe scratches that would incapacitate
capacitive touch screens. For industrial applications, resistive
touch screens are more cost-effective solutions than Near
Field Imaging touch screens.
A four-wire resistive touch screen panel consists of
two flexible layers uniformly coated with a transparent
resistive material and separated by an air gap. Electrodes
placed along the edges of the layers provide a means for
exciting and monitoring the touch screen.


Fig 2.4 Block Diagram of Touch Screen Interface


When a position is measured on a 4-wire touch
screen, voltage is applied across the screen in the Y direction;
and a touch presses the layers together, where a voltage can be
read from one of the X electrodes. The contact made as a
result of the touch creates a voltage divider at that point, so
the Y coordinate can be determined; the process then repeats
with the X direction being driven, and a reading is taken from
one of the Y electrodes. A touch-screen controller is simply an
ADC that has built-in switches to control which electrodes are
driven and which electrodes are used as the input to the ADC.
An Analog Devices AD7843 scans the X and Y axes
and determines the unique voltage drop for each axis. The four
electrodes for scanning are labeled X+, X-, Y+, and Y-. These
electrodes are connected to the AD7843 touch screen
controller and the touch sensor is scanned and the analog
voltages read.
The four touch electrodes are connected to the
inputs X+, X-, Y+, and Y- of the AD7843. A selected axis (X
or Y) pair of electrodes is energized with a static voltage and
the voltage of the positive electrode of the other pair in the 4
wire touch panel is measured. The sensed voltage is measured
and converted to either an 8 bit or 12 bit resolution. A digital
word representing the voltage at the contacting point on the
touch panel is created and sent out via a high speed SPI serial
interface.
2.4 Stepper motor: stepper motor (or step motor) is a
brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full
rotation into a large number of steps. The motor's position can
be controlled precisely without any feedback mechanism (see
Open-loop controller), as long as the motor is carefully sized
to the application. Stepper motors are similar to switched
reluctance motors which are very large stepping motors with a
reduced pole count, and generally are closed-loop
commutated.
I SSN: 2278 7798
I nternational J ournal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJ SETR)
Volume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

All Rights Reserved 2012 IJSETR
22


Fig 2.4.1 Stepper motor working angle stepper motor
2.5 Fundamentals of Operation:
Stepper motors operate differently from DC brush
motors, which rotate when voltage is applied to their
terminals. Stepper motors, on the other hand, effectively have
multiple "toothed" electromagnets arranged around a central
gear-shaped piece of iron. The electromagnets are energized
by an external control circuit, such as a microcontroller. To
make the motor shaft turn, first one electromagnet is given
power, which makes the gear's teeth magnetically attracted to
the electromagnet's teeth. When the gear's teeth are thus
aligned to the first electromagnet, they are slightly offset from
the next electromagnet. So when the next electromagnet is
turned on and the first is turned off, the gear rotates slightly to
align with the next one, and from there the process is repeated
Each of those slight rotations is called a "step," with an integer
number of steps making a full rotation. In that way, the motor
can be turned by a precise angle.

Fig 2.5.1 Stepper motor internal circuit diagram
2.6 Buzzer: Basically, the sound source of a piezoelectric
sound component is a piezoelectric diaphragm. A
piezoelectric diaphragm consists of a piezoelectric ceramic
plate which has electrodes on both sides and a metal plate
(brass or stainless steel, etc.). A piezoelectric ceramic plate is
attached to a metal plate with adhesives. Applying D.C.
voltage between electrodes of a piezoelectric diaphragm
causes mechanical distortion due to the piezoelectric effect.
For a misshaped piezoelectric element, the distortion of the
piezoelectric element expands in a radial direction. And the
piezoelectric diaphragm bends toward the direction. The metal
plate bonded to the piezoelectric element does not expand.
Conversely, when the piezoelectric element shrinks, the
piezoelectric diaphragm bends in the direction Thus, when AC
voltage is applied across electrodes, the bending is repeated,
producing sound waves in the air.
To switch on buzzer -high 1
To switch off buzzer -low 1

I SSN: 2278 7798
I nternational J ournal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJ SETR)
Volume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

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23


Fig 2.6 Picture of buzzer
3. Procedural steps for compilation, simulation and
dumping:
Compilation and simulation steps:
For PIC microcontroller, PIC C compiler is used for
compilation. The compilation steps are as follows:
Open PIC C compiler.
You will be prompted to choose a name for the new
project, so create a separate folder where all the files
of your project will be stored, choose a name and
click save.

Fig 3.1: Picture of opening a new file using PIC C compiler

Click Paper , New, and something the box named
'Text1' is where your code should be written later.
Now you have to click 'File, Save as' and choose a
file name for your source code ending with the letter
'.c'. You can name as 'project.c' for example and
click save. Then you have to add this file to your
project work.

Fig 3.2: Picture of compiling a new file using PIC C
compiler
You can then start to write the source code in the
window titled 'project.c' then before testing your
source code; you have to compile your source code,
and correct eventual syntax errors.

Fig 3.3: Picture of checking errors and warnings using
PIC C compiler

I SSN: 2278 7798
I nternational J ournal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJ SETR)
Volume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

All Rights Reserved 2012 IJSETR
24

By clicking on compile option .hex file is generated
automatically.
This is how we compile a program for checking
errors and hence the compiled program is saved in
the file where we initiated the program.


Fig 3.4: Picture of .hex file existing using PIC C compiler
After compilation, next step is simulation. Here first
circuit is designed in Express PCB using Proteus 7 software
and then simulation takes place followed by dumping. The
simulation steps are as follows:
Open Proteus 7 and click on IS1S6.
Now it displays PCB where circuit is designed using
microcontroller. To design circuit components are
required. So click on component option.
10. Now click on letter p, then under that select PIC16F72
,other components related to the project and click OK. The
PIC 16F72 will be called your 'Target device, which is the
final destination of your source code.
Dumping steps:
The steps involved in dumping the program edited in
proteus 7 to microcontroller are shown below:
1. Select Tools option and click on Check Communication
for establishing a connection .
2. After connecting the dumper properly to the
microcontroller kit the window is appeared as shown below.
Fig 3.5: Picture after connecting the dumper to
microcontroller
4. Again by selecting the Tools option and clicking on Check
Communication the microcontroller gets recognized by the
dumper.
5. Import the program which is .hex file from the saved
location by selecting File option and clicking on Import Hex
as shown in below window.
Fig 3.6: Picture of program importing into the
microcontroller

I SSN: 2278 7798
I nternational J ournal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJ SETR)
Volume 1, I ssue 3, September 2012

All Rights Reserved 2012 IJSETR
25

6. After clicking on Import Hex option we need to browse
the location of our program and click the prog.hex and click
on open for dumping the program into the microcontroller.
7. After the successful dumping of program the window is as
shown below.


Fig 3.7: Picture after program dumped into the
microcontroller

4. CONCLUSION:
The paper Image based password authentication for
illiterates with touch screen sensor was designed such to
provide a security system based on images and touch screen
module. This system provides user-friendly environment for
the users with a kind of image interaction this may be easy for
the illiterates to remember.
5 .References:
1. Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming, Interfacing
and System Design- Raj kamal
2. PCB Design Tutorial David.L.Jones
3. Embedded C Michael.J.Pont


Authors Biography:








VARADALA SRIDHAR is from HYDERABAD,
ANDHRAPRADESH, and BORN on 25
th
JAN 1985.
Completed M.TECH in ECE with specialization
(WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS) from vardhaman college of engineering affiliated
by JNTUH in 2011.he has completed M.Sc (IT)from
Nagarjuna University, guntur, AndhraPradesh.and B.TECH
in ECE from vidya jyothi institute of technology affiliated by
JNTUH in 2007. Currently he is working as an Assistant
professor in ECE department at Vidya Jyothi Institute of
Technology, Hyderabad from 2010. His areas of research
interests include Wireless and Mobile communication
ssystems,Digitalsignalprocessing,Imageprocessing,
Telecommunications,communication systems, Signal
processing,Embedded systems. He has published more than
20 international research journals papers.He is Lifetime
Membership of ISTE, IETE, IAENG, SDIWC, IACSIT,
CSTA, UACEE, and AND MCDM. He is reviewer of
SDIWC, IJARCET, SSRGJ-IJCTT; He is Editorial board
member of IJCIT, IJARCET, IJOART, IJARECE,
IJARCSEE, AND IJSETR.