604

TIIHOUY OF AllCIIITECTLRE.
I5i
II.
!!32SJl^iia
SJ4
Wf^^
.^
troin the safitc instead of tlio centre line of
tlio arcli), set also 5
G on 151 6, and on
'_>;i 24,
3
4 on 1:514 and on 2526, and
l.istly 1
2 on 11

12 and on 2728, and

through these points trace the soHte
28

'_0
I 1. The extrados is found in like manner,
nnd tlie middles of the joints
47, 49, 53 ;
which
done, draw the j)lan of the joints 1447
35,
IS1937,
2251
39,
and 26

53
41.
1 992. To
find
the curve
of
the plan which
leininiites the tails
of
the moulds. Set the
l)rojections of the buttress of the semicircular
arc at right angles to the inside line of the
tower
;
viz. 64

65 on 74
75 ;
62
63 on
7273 and on 76
77;
6061 on 7071,
and on 78
79, 5859 on 68
69. and on
8081
;
5657 on 66

67 and on 82
83;
tiien trace by hand the curve 83

75

66.
The curves of the extrados and joints are
j-jj,. q^,j_
found in the same manner.
1993. 7o
fi?id
the moulds
of
the sofite. Draw the line of direction 94
84
(ftf/.
660.1
as before, below which set off the distances I 1 1 or
8485, K12 on 86
87, L14 on 88
89, M1 6
on 9091, N18 on 92
93, O20 on 94
95,
and
then trace the front of the sofite moulds 85

95
99.
To find the rear, set I

66 on
84
33, K67 on
86

:i6, L69 on 88
100, M71 on 90
98, N

73 on 92
97,
()
75 on 94
96,
and trace the rear
curve of the mould 101

96
S3.
1 994. To
find
the moidds
of
the joints. Transfer
1'I 9 on 31
54, Q37 on 3248, I 47 on
42
52,
11
35 on
43
40, and through these points trace the
front joint or bed moulds 93
54
48,
89
92
40.
fik. goo.
To find the rear, make 31
50 equal to PV, 32
38
equal to QX, 4246 equal to IT, and
43
34 equal to RS; which done, trace tiie
curve lines 97

50
38 and 100

^6

34. The two other joints are found by the same

method. We do not consider it necessary furtlier to multiply examjdes of the kind here
given : the latter sort, especially, rarely occur in practice
;
and if they should, all that will be
necessary to master the operations will be
the application of a little thought and study.
1995. III. Of Do.me Vaulting. In
whatever direction a hemispherical dome
is cut, the section A is always the same.
J} represents one half (see _^.f/. 661.)
of the
same in the plane of projection. The con-
struction is sometimes such that the jjlan
is only a semicircle, as 13, as in the ter-
mination of the choir of a church : in which
case the French call it a cul-de-four ; with
us it is called a semi-dome.
1996. Through the extremities of the
joints, and through the middle of each
sofite of the section A, let fall on the line
ah, ])erpendiculars, whereofall the distances
dc from the centre c will be the radii of the
arcs, which will serve for the developcment
of the sofites, of the joints, and for the
construction of the arch stones. The me-
tliod which follows, tlu.ugn it will not
perhaps give tlie sofites and joints strictly
accurate, will do so sufficiently for all prac-
tical purposes. Upon the developement
C make SC equal to the arc MDGC, then
set out to the right of the points of di-
vision the parts ST ecjiial to st on the plan
I?
;
tlien raise through the points 'V
\i|)(iu the line SC" perpendiculars equal