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DIGITAL Countdown Timer


INTRODUCTION
Digital countdown timer is very useful projects for final
year students. This project replaces the conventional stopwatch to countdown
timer. It has an Inbuilt Real Time Clock which tracks over the Real Time. It
displays the day/month/year and time in hh/mm/ss format. The time and date can
be changed at any Time using the keypad. The Real Time Clock as well as
countdown timer is displayed on LCD display. We can set the reminders on events
or alarm at a particular time and date. We can use the LED array for larger display.

COMPONENT USED
1. AT89S52 Microcontroller
2. IC DS1307
3. LCD
4. Keypad
SOFTWARE USED
1. KEIL VISSION3
2. PRO 51

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DESCRIPTION OF 8051
When we have to learn about a new computer we have to familiarize about the
machine capability we are using, and we can do it by studying the internal
hardware design (devices architecture), and also to know about the size, number
and the size of the registers.
A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-
volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and
output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit. Also called a "computer on a chip,"
billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of
products from toys to appliances to automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can
use 70 or more microcontrollers. The following picture describes a general block
diagram of microcontroller.
RTC
A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer clock (most often in the form of
an integrated circuit) that keeps track of the current time. Although the term often
refers to the devices in personal computers, servers and embedded systems, RTCs
are present in almost any electronic device which needs to keep accurate time.

RTC DS1307 FEATURES:
1. Real-time clock (RTC) counts seconds, minutes, hours, date of the month,
month, day of the week, and year with leap-year compensation valid up to
2100.
2. 56-byte, battery-backed, nonvolatile (NV) RAM for data storage.
3. Two-wire serial interface Programmable square wave output signal
Automatic power-fail detect and switch circuitry.
4. Consumes less than 500nA in battery backup mode with oscillator running.
5. Optional industrial temperature range: -40C to +85C.
6. Available in 8-pin DIP or SOIC Underwriters Laboratory (UL) recognized.


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BLOCK DIGRAM













8
9
S
5
2

RTC
REGULATED POWER
SUPLLY
KEYPAD
LCD