Chai-. IV.

PEIISI'ECTIVE.
819
somethiug remains for the student to complete, wliicli must result from his own study or
occupy more space than all we have already written on it. We allude to the intersections
that take place at the lodgment of the spire on the top of the tower, to elucidate which it
is drawn to a larger scale at No. 4., the mere inspection Avhereof will convey a full and,
we hope, satisfactory idea of what we advert to. The student has heen left to complete
the base of the octagon, a process so simjile that we cannot, if he retain what he has read,
believe he will find difficulty in accomplishing, either by visual rays or other .vise. It is
next to an impossibility to describe intricate matters like these so as to leave nothing for
the exercise of the reader's judgment; for, however copious the instruction, there will
always remain sufficient unexplained to keep his mind in action, and aHbrd him the oppor-
tunitv of exercising his own ingenuity.
24:59. Example V. In
fit/.
8:53. the object<! X and Y ar^^ plans of columns with bases
Fi(!. S3.1.
and capitals, whose general forms are shown at X and Y (No. 1.). YZ, as before, is the
plane of the picture, S the station jjoint. The picture, as previously, is prepared with the
vanishing points VZ, and the ground line GL. OO is the central line of the picture, and
BA, BA are, it will be seen, lines of height.
2440. In the S(]uares X and Y the dotted lines show the diagonals and boundaries of
squares inscribed in the circles, by which so many more Hues are gained for obtaining the
curves which the circles form in the perspective representations. The visual rays are
drawn as in the preceding examiiles, and transferred to the picture, the process being, in
fact, nothing more than making scjuares following the profiles, which, at the different
heights, guide the formation of circles within and around tlieni, of which the upper ones
only, for preventing confusion, are shown in the perspective representation. In each
series, the extreme width of the appearance of the circle may be obtained by visual rays, as
at /-, /., /;.
2441. At Z and z (Nos. ;?. and 2.) are the plan and elevation of an arcade, from which
it will be seen that the principle of inscribing squares and diagonals is equally applicable
to the vertical representation of circles. Presuming that we have sufficiently described the
diagram to enable the student to proceed in drawing the examples at large, we sliall now
submit an example of general application.
2442. Example VI. In jir/. 834. YZ is tlie j)lanc of delineation, and the plan of the
building, with its projections, roof, and chimneys, is shown in No. 1. In practice, this is ge-
uerallv made on a separate drawing board, to enable the draughtsman to make his perspective