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7/25/2014

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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
The Hudson River Sustainable
Shorelines Project
Engineering Analyses
Jon K. Miller, Nickitas Georgas, & Andrew Rella
Stevens Institute of Technology
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Major Tasks to Date
Literature Review (2009-2011)
Cost Analysis (2009-2012)
Physical Forces Analysis(2011-2013)
Forensic Analysis (2013-14)
1. Physical Forces
2. Forensics
3. Cost Analysis
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
PHYSICAL FORCES
CHARACTERIZATION
Numerical Modeling and Field Observations
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Forces Considered
Numerical Modeling Water Levels,
Currents, Stresses, Wind Waves
Physical Measurement Ice and Wakes
http://www.hrnerr.org/geospatial/
http://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1136
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Wakes Analysis
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10
Percent Wake Height (in)
0.0:0.5
0.5:4.5
4.5:8.5
8.5:12.5
12.5:16.5
16.5:20.5
20.5:25
25+
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Ice Reports
(2006-2012)
http://www.hrnerr.org/hudson-river-sustainable-shorelines/shorelines-engineering/ice-conditions/
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Utilizes NYHOPS 3-D circulation model
58,452 cells
Based on 2010 (typical year w/
Noreaster)
Validated vs 5 water level gauges
RMSE ranges from 1 to 7
GLERL wave model used
Currents, Waves & Water Levels
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Currents, Waves &
Water Levels
http://www.hrnerr.org/hudson-river-sustainable-
shorelines/shorelines-engineering/physical-forces-statistics/
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Available on GIS Clearinghouse
(http://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1136)
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
FORENSICS ANALYSIS
Common Findings and Recommendations
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Objectives
Characterize the conditions of traditional and non-
traditional treatments at 4 6 sites to understand the
determinants of success or failure during extreme
weather events.
Key questions
Determine patterns among structures that survived and those that
did not
Determine which aspects of structural maintenance lead to the
failure/survival
Determine impacts from large waves, increased water level, and
increased currents
Determine the impact of vegetation on the failure/survival of the
structure
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Approach
Analyze shoreline stabilization history
Conduct preliminary site visit
Collect engineering data and drawings
Compare hindcast storm conditions to
climatology
Conduct site survey
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Sites
Coxsackie
Esopus Meadows
Irvington, NY
HabirshawPark
Oak Point
Hunts Point
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Typical Evidence
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Common Findings
Vegetation Establishment
Slope Compatibility
Debris Impact
Leeside Erosion
Adaptive Management
Stone Sizing
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Common Findings
Vegetation Establishment
Slope Compatibility
Debris Impact
Leeside Erosion
Adaptive Management
Stone Sizing
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Common Findings
Vegetation Establishment
Slope Compatibility
Debris Impact
Leeside Erosion
Adaptive Management
Stone Sizing
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Common Findings
Vegetation Establishment
Slope Compatibility
Debris Impact
Leeside Erosion
Adaptive Management
Stone Sizing
7/25/2014
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Common Findings
Vegetation Establishment
Slope Compatibility
Debris Impact
Leeside Erosion
Adaptive Management/
Maintenance
Stone Sizing
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Common Findings
Vegetation Establishment
Slope Compatibility
Debris Impact
Leeside Erosion
Adaptive Management
Stone Sizing
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Recommendations
(draft)
1. More research needs to be done on the
performance of various stabilization
approaches during heavy ice and debris
conditions.
2. Proper monitoring and maintenance is
important to the long-term performance of
all projects; however it is critically important
for ecologically enhanced shoreline projects.
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Recommendations
(draft)
3. Temporary stabilization measures should be
provided to allow vegetation to mature.
4. Terracing or other measures should be used
to avoid unnatural slopes.
5. Backside forces should be addressed in
design/construction of coastal structures.
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
COST ANALYSIS
Methodology and Conclusions
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
A Comparative Cost Analysis
9 Stabilization Approaches
Wood and Steel Bulkheads
Crib Walls
Live Crib Walls
Revetments
Rip-Rap
Joint Planting
Bio Wall
Sill
Vegetated Geogrid
3 sites
Poughkeepsie,
Henry Hudson Park (Albany),
Bowline Point Park (Haverstraw)
2 Sea Level Rise Scenarios
Current Rate (2.77mm/yr),
Rapid Ice Melt (48 by 2080)
http://hrnerr.thewordpressdesigner.com/files/2012/08/Comparative-Cost-Analysis.pdf
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Cost analysis includes:
Initial Costs (IC)
Material and labor costs to construct the stabilization measure
Maintenance and Repair Costs (M&R)
Costs associated with routine maintenance and repairs (i.e. not associated with
any given storm)
Damage Costs (DC)
Costs associated with restoring a structure to its original function after a specific
storm causes damage
Replacement Costs (RC)
Costs of replacing a structure once it reaches the end of its serviceable life.
(Typically associated with material decay/degredation)
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Designs Based on:
Data as originally presented in the Alden &
ASA (2006) report.
Additional information on wind wave climate.
Main features considered so that reasonably
accurate quantities could be developed.
Wakes and ice considered crudely through
application of rules of thumb as detailed
information for each site was not available.
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Initial Costs
Based on material & labor or bulk costs
Every attempt was made to be
consistent within and across methods
Cost information was obtained from a
combination of research studies and
actual recent construction bids
Significant variability
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Consideration of Sea Level
Rise:
M&R costs increased for vegetated (+10%) and wood (+5%)
structures
Number of storms likely to be encountered and the damage
costs resulting from them increase with SLR.
Since the rate of SLR increases under the rapid sea level rise
scenario, the 70-yr period is discretized into two 25-yr periods
and a 20-yr period
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Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Wood Bulkhead Cost Estimate
Initial Cost (IC) $ 171,500
Current Rate of SLR
Period 1 (2012-2037) Period 2 (2037-2062) Period 3 (2062-2082) Total (2012-2082)
Category Storm T
r
% IC # Events *Cost # Events *Cost # Events *Cost Extended Cost % Final
Damage Cost (DC) 50 10% 0.56 $ 7,220 0.75 $ 5,566 1.01 $ 4,537 $ 17,323 4.6%
Damage Cost (DC) 25 5% 1.13 $ 7,302 1.53 $ 5,686 2.14 $ 4,789 $ 17,776 4.7%
Replacement Cost (RC) 100% 0.00 $ - 1.00 $ 74,139 1.00 $ 44,825 $ 118,965 31.7%
Maintenance Cost (MC) 20% 1.00 $ 25,935 1.00 $ 14,828 1.00 $ 8,965 $ 49,728 13.3%
Post-Construction Costs (DCs+RC+MC) $ 203,792 54.3%
Initial Cost (IC) $ 171,500 45.7%
*Costs are calculated as the IC x %IC x #Events with inflation and discounting applied mid period Total Cost $ 375,292 100.0%
Rapid Ice Melt Rate of SLR
Period 1 (2012-2037) Period 2 (2037-2062) Period 3 (2062-2082) Total (2012-2082)
Category Storm T
r
% IC # Events *Cost # Events *Cost # Events *Cost Extended Cost % Final
Damage Cost (DC) 50 10% 1.35 $ 17,524 9.26 $ 68,648 25.00 $ 112,063 $ 198,234 28.8%
Damage Cost (DC) 25 5% 3.01 $ 19,530 16.67 $ 61,783 25.00 $ 56,031 $ 137,344 20.0%
Replacement Cost (RC) 100% 0.00 $ - 1.00 $ 74,139 1.00 $ 44,825 $ 118,965 17.3%
Maintenance Cost (MC) 25% 1.00 $ 32,419 1.00 $ 18,535 1.00 $ 11,206 $ 62,160 9.0%
Post-Construction Costs (DCs+RC+MC) $ 516,703 75.1%
Initial Cost (IC) $ 171,500 24.9%
*Costs are calculated as the IC x %IC x #Events with inflation and discounting applied mid period Total Cost $ 688,203 100.0%
Hudson River Sustainable Shorelines Findings Workshop
Norrie Point, NY July 23, 2014
Several alternatives
exist at each site for
which the costs are
relatively similar.
Alternative
solutions can be
cost competitive
with traditional
approaches
(Consistent with
NOAAs Weighing
Your Options report.)
Conclusions

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