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GLOSSARY.
Light, Reflected. Light thrown by means of a light and polished surface into the win-
dows opposite to it. This may be effected in some degree by limewhiting the wall
;
also by building it of white glazed bricks; also by white tiles being affixed to the wall.
"
Reflectors
"
are also provided for this purpose, made of a white metal, fixed in a
frame and covered with glass, which is suspended and fixed at an angle which will
throw the light to the point required.
Lighthouse. A lofty building, on the top whereof artificial lights are placed to guide
ships at sea. The lighthouse dates from the earliest period, and appears to have
consisted of a tower of masonry, sometimes of a circular form, but usually square, and
consisting of various apartments, as the establishment was greater or less, wherein was
a raised altar upon which the beacon was established. Fire-cowers or lighthouses were
common on the shores of the Mediterranean, the Archipelago, the Bosphonis, and Red
Bea. Among the most celebrated of these was the Pharos of Alexandria. It was
accounted one of the seven wonders of the world.
In England, the Eddystone lighthouse, by the celebrated Smeaton, was not only
an object of beauty, but of that soundness of con-
struction which is the most essential requisite
in works of this kind. The general form is seen
m
fig.
1411. This is a fine illustration of fitness
producing beauty. The resistance it afforded
against the waves arose from the beautiful curved
line which leads them up it instead of being
broken against it. Indeed, in stormy weather,
the waves actually rolled up the side, and fell in
a contrary curve over the top of the lighthouse.
The beds of the masonry were so laid and dove-
tailed and joggled as to become a part of the
rock on which it was erected, between June 12,
1757, and October 16, 1759. A narrative of the
work was published by Mr. Smeaton. This
elegant structure was pulled down and a new light-
house built between August 19, 1879, and June
1,
1881, when the first and last stones were laid. The
old lighthouse was re-erected on land.
The most architectural of modern lighthouses is
that of Corduan on the coast of France, which stands
on a large rock, or rather on a low island, about
three miles from land, at the entrance of the river
Garonne. Founded about the year 1584, in the reign
of Henry II. king of F^rance, it was carried on under
the reigns of three successive monarchs, arriving
at its completion in 1610, in the reign of Henry IV.
It stands upon a platform of solid masonry, and is
surrounded by a parapet about 145 feet in diameter,
which is equal to the lieight. The lightkeepers'
apartments and store rooms are not in the mniu
tower, but form a detached range of buildings
on the great platform, the interior
of the tower itself being finished in a style of magnificence too splendid for the use
of common persons. Over the fuel cellar, which is formed in the solid masonry of
the platform, is the great hall, twenty-two feet square, twenty feet high, with an arched
ceiling. On this floor are two wardrobes and other conveniences. Above the last-men-
tioned room is the king's room, twenty-one feet square and twenty liigh, with an ellip-
tical ceiling. There are on this floor a vestibule, two wardrobes, and other con-
veniences. On the third floor is placed the chapel, for a priest who occasionally says
mass is attached to the establishment, and this is twenty-one feet in dianutt-r, domed,
and forty feet high, and lighted by eight windows. There is an eye in the dome
through which is seen the ornamental roof of the room above, and that is fourteen feet
diameter and twenty-seven feet high. This is used by the lightkeepers as a watch
roona. Over it rises an apartment, which is immediately under the ligiitroom, used for
holding sufficient fuel for one night's consumption, and capable itself of being converted
into a place for the exhibition of a light in case of repairs being required to any extent
iu the main light room, which, as we have said, is immediately over it, and is sur-
rounded by a balcony and circular stone parapet. The height from the floor to the top
nf the cupola of the original lantern or light room was 17 feet, and being unglazed, the
smoke was carried out on either side in the direction of tlie wind. The roof, moreover,
formed a kind of chimney in the form of a spire, tormiuatir.g with a ball. The height

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