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Cc thng s cn quan tm khi la chn my o suy hao quang,

o cng sut quang hay ngun pht quang


Nn chn OTDR hay my o cng sut quang xc nh suy hao tuyn ?
o chnh xc suy hao hai u ca mt h thng quang , thng thng ngi ta dng
my o suy hao quang OTS hoc my o cng sut quang kt hp vi b ngun pht
quang.
Vic dng my o OTDR xc nh suy hao tuyn th khng chnh xc bi v kt qu do
my OTDR tnh ton a ra da trn mt s yu t tng i c th thay i theo nhit
v cc lc ang tc ng l n si quang.
o chnh xc suy hao mi hn hoc im ni connector quang bng my OTDR, ta cn
thc hin o kim ti hai u tuyn sau ly gi tr trung b nh v iu ny thc khng
n gin. My o OTDR ch c u im khi cn xc nh v tr c s c hoc chiu di cp.
Mc cng sut pht v mc nhn ti a ca thit bo bao nhiu th ?
Khi thit k mt tuyn truyn dn quang, ta cn cn nhc v mc cng sut ti a ca my
pht, nhy thu v suy hao tuyn danh nh. Sau , ta cn tnh ton v cng thm mc
suy hao d tr cho tuyn cho trng hp cht lng cc ph kin quang b suy gim
mc xu nht theo tui th h thng hoc la chn tn hiu thu khng qu cao . V vic
c lng suy hao d phng cho tuyn l vic rt quan trng, cn l m, nu khng vic
sa cha v bo tr mng s kh khn, tn nhiu chi ph hoc thng th thc hin c.
Trong nhiu trng hp nh khong cch truyn dn thay i hoc s dng ng thi
nhiu bc sng khc nhau, th vic lp thm b suy hao quang l cn thit k bo
m cng sut u my thu khng v t qu mc cho php.
Theo tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-173:1998 th :
Mc cng sut pht quang ti a ca thit b pht l -15 n +17dBm
Mc thu ti a ( mc qu ti ca b thu) l 0dBm.
Mc thu ti thiu ( nhy thu) l -34dBm
( tham kho cc bng ch ti u giao din quang cho h thng STM1/STM4/STM16 /STM64
t trang 11 n trang 21- Tiu chun thit b hin nay c th cao hn)
Do , chng ta nn chn thit b o thu pht quang trong di t -50dBm n +20dBm
hoc ty theo cu hnh mng cn o kim la chn my c di o ph hp nhu cu s
dng, trnh lng ph khi chn di o qu ln.
Ngun pht quang khng n nh nh hng th no n vic o suy hao
quang
Hu ht cc b ngun pht quang (light -source) u c lch bc sng nht nh(dung
sai).
V d: Ngun pht laser "1310 nm " c dung sai l 30 nm. Hn na cn c dung sai do
nhit thay i (5nm) ,kt qu ta c bc sng thc s c pht ra l 1310 35 nm.
Nu dng ngun pht LED, rng ph l 50 nm v ngun pht ra c th l mt bc
sng bt k trong di 1310 85 nm (hay 1225 1395nm). V nh chng ta bit, suy
hao tiu biu ca si quang cng s thay i mt l ng ng k theo bc sng
Khi ngun pht quang c bc sng khng n nh, s sinh ra s khc bit v h thng
ang c o kim v h thng ang vn hnh. Ni mt cch c th, i vi tuyn quang
50 Km, sai s suy hao tuyn gy bi dung sai bc sng 30 nm s vo khong 0.95
dB.
Tm li
Suy hao phi c o di bc sng hot ng ca h thng.
Nn o suy hao c hai hng loi tr trng hp tuyn quang khng ng b
v ng knh trng mt.
Nn o suy hao bi my o suy hao quang hoc my o cng sut quang kt hp
vi ngun pht quang.
Cn cn nhc v lch bc sng cho php kt qu o chnh xc cng nh
trn h thng quang c lp t.
Xc nh d tr suy hao tuyn (optical margin) cho tng lai l vi c lm quan
trng bo m duy tr hot ng ca tuyn quang khi xung cp theo thi gian
vn hnh.
Tnh ton d tr suy hao cho tuyn quang:
Suy hao d phng (loss budget) l mc suy hao ti a cho php cn tnh ton tr c khi
tuyn quang b ngng hot ng. Gi tr ny c xc nh da trn mc cng sut pht,
nhy thu v lch suy hao (optical margin) . Mc suy hao ca cc thnh phn mng
s c c lng v cng thm mc suy hao d phng cho trng hp mng xung
cp mc xu nht.
i vi tuyn quang ng di hay tc cao, vic c lng suy hao d phng cho
ton tuyn yu cu phi c tnh ton bi ngi c k nng v nhiu kinh nghim.
i vi tuyn quang ngn hay tc dch v y u cu thp, gi tr suy hao tuyn thng
n gin hn hoc c nh ngha theo mt quy chun ri ng ca dch v.
Khng ging nh suy hao d phng (loss budget), lch suy hao (optical margin) lin
quan n s thay i thc s ca suy hao tuyn tr c khi dch v ngng hot ng.
Ch rng lch suy hao c th tng hoc gim.
Suy hao danh nh ca mt s ph kin quang:
Vt t Suy hao
1310 nm 0.35 - 0.4 dB/km
Si quang n mt
1550 nm 0.21 dB/km
850 nm 3 - 4.1 dB/km
Si quang a mt
1310 nm 0.6 - 1.1 dB/km
u ni quang 0.1 - 0.75 dB
Mi hn quang 0.1 - 1.5 dB
Mi ni c kh 0.1 - 1 dB
B chuyn mch quang 0.1 - 1.5 dB
B chia/ghp quang
1 - 15 dB
(ty thuc cng sut chia)
B cch ly
( trit tiu tn hiu phn hi tr v ngun pht
quang)
0.5 - 5 dB
Cc gi tr biu kin nu ra trong bng trn ch l gi tr trung bnh:gi tr thc t cn ty
thuc nhiu vo loi thit b c p dng cho tuyn.
Gi tr v suy hao ca connector l khng chc chn: cng mt cp connector s s chnh
lch suy hao mt cch ngu nhi n ty theo vic u ni. Suy hao nu trn thng s k
thut ca connector quang ch l gi tr trung bnh v c o kim iu kin chun nht
nh.
Nn chn my o c phn gii bao nhi u dBm / dB ?
Thng thng my o c thit k vi cc phn gii 0.1 n 0.0 01 dB / dBm, vi cc
gi thnh theo cc cp khc nhau :
phn gii cao nh 0.001 dBm / dB ( 0.023% ) thch h p ng dng trong cc iu kin
nghin cu v iu khin trong phng th nghim.Thm ch t khi s dng phn gii
cao nh th.
phn gii 0.1 dB ( 2.3% )c l l khng . phn gii ny ch thch hp trong vic o
mc cng sut tuyt i, khng l t ng trong vic o suy hao mi hn, im ni v sai
s do mt n nh s vt qu mc gii hn 0.14 dB , gii hn trong vic hin th k t
qu .
phn gii 0.01 dB ( 0.23% ) l tng cho vic o kim cc h thng truyn dn quang .
y l l do ti sao Kingfisher ch sn xut my vi phn gii n 0.01 dB.
Vi h thng quang tc cao, chnh lch mc cng sut thu kh nh do cn
my o c chnh xc cao v phn gii cao hn.
V d :i vi h thng quang tc thp d tr suy hao 0 - 25 dB, trong khi mt mng
quang LAN tc cao c suy hao d tr ch t 0 - 2.5 dB.
Nn o kim suy hao quang ti bc sng no ?
Microbend loss l suy hao si quang gy bi im cong si quang qu mc, lc c kh,
nhit tc ng l n si quang, li sn xut si...
Si quang n mt thng nhy cm vi cc lc tc ng c kh v lc un cong si
quang nhiu nht ti bc sng c gi tr ln hn 1480 nm. l l do ti sao nn kim
tra suy hao ti 1550 nm khi bo tr hay lp t tuyn quang thm ch khi tuyn quang s
vn hnh bc sng 1310 nm.
Phn bit cc loi diode cm ng quang c thit k trong my o cng
sut quang c trn thtrng ?
B cm nhn quang InGaAs :
Hot ng tt trong vng bc sng 1000 n 1650 nm, tuy nhi n chnh xc ca loi
ny ti 850 nm th khng tt v vn nhy. Loi ny rt thch hp dng trn h
thng cp quang n mt .y l loi u cm nhn quang cng ngh mi v gi tr cao
hn loi Ge (Germanium). H thng loi InGaAs c chnh xc cao trong v ng bc
sng hot ng nn c khuyn ngh s dng trong cc h thng ghp k nh WDM.
B cm nhn quang Ge (Germanium)
S dng cng ngh vi gi thnh thp v hot ng tt trong phm vi bc sng 850 n
1550 nm nhng khng vt qu 1550 nm. y l gii php c ng dng tt cho c si
quang n mt v a mt 850 & 1300 nm, i khi s dng cho b c sng 1550 nm.Loi
my o cng sut quang vi cm ng quang Ge cng o c cc bc sng ca nh
sng thy c 630 - 670 nm trn si quang plastic v my xc nh li bng nh sng
thy c. chnh xc khi o ti 1550nm s b gim do nhy quang , c bit l
1580 nm vi nhit mi trng thp. Nu dng cho h thng ghp knh WDM vi bc
sng > 1550 mn th phi chp nhn sai s lch vi dB.
B cm nhn quang Si (Silicon)
Cho kt qu chnh xc ti bc sng 850 nm v cc bc sng thy c. Do cng
hot ng tt vi bc sng 860 nm trong h thng cp quang a mt & mng cp ni b
(PCS), v bc sng 660 nm trong h thng cp quang plastic (POF ).
B cm nhn quang 'High power'
B cm nhn quang 'High power' l mt trong cc b nhn quang nu trn c thit k
thm b lc suy hao t pha tr c. Mc cng sut nhn mi bc sng s khc nhau
ty thuc vo b suy hao , nhy quang, nhy phn cc v mc phn x , tt c u
nh hng xu n chnh xc ca my o.B to suy hao c s dng trn thit b o
ca Kingfisher c thit k khc phc cc im tr n mt cch tt nht.

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