The study of the communication channel and of noise sources

I1.The block scheme in the case of uniform random demo:

Uni form
Mux
Mean
& var
Graph
[.5 1/12]
Expected val ue

The first device is uniform noise generator which generates uniformly distributed noise
between the lower and the upper bounds. The following device has at its output the
running mean to 1
st
out-port and running variance to 2
nd
out-port. The third block has as
output a constant(0.51/12) . The mux combines all the three input signals into larger
vectors.
The graphs for different values of the sampling time:

sample time=0.1s sample time=1s sample time=5s.

I2.The block scheme for Gaussian random demo:
Mux
Mean
& std
Gaussi an
[0 1]
Expected val ue

The 1
st
block generates a Gaussian distributed noise with given mean and given variance.
The mean is 0 and the variance is 1. The 2
nd
block has at its output the running mean to
1
st
out-port and running standard deviation to 2
nd
out-port. The 3
rd
block has as output a
constant [0 1] . The mux combines all the three input signals into larger vectors.
The graphs for different values of the sampling time:


sample time=0.1s sample time=1s sample time=5s

I3.The block scheme for uniform integer demo:
Random i nt Mux
Mean
& std
Graph

The first device generates integers randomly distributed in the range [0,M-1], where m is
the M-ary number,(M=8). The 2
nd
block has at its output the running mean to 1
st
out-
port and running standard deviation to 2
nd
out-port. The mux combines the two input
signals into larger vectors.
The graphs for different values of the sampling time:

sample time=0.1s sample time=1s sample time=5s

I4.The block scheme for Poisson random demo:
Poi sson i nt
Poi sson i nt
generator
Mux
Mean
& var
Graph1
.1
Expected val ue

The first device generates Poisson distributed random integers. The 2
nd
block has at its
output the running mean to 1
st
out-port and running variant to 2
nd
out-port. The 3
rd
block
has as output a constant 0.1 . The mux combines all the three input signals into larger
vectors.
The graphs for different values of the sampling time:

sample time=0.1s sample time=1s sample time=5s

I5.The block scheme for Rayleigh random demo:
The mean of the Rayl ei gh noi se i s s*sqrt(pi /2).
The vari ance of the Rayl ei gh noi se i s s^2*(2-pi /2)
Assume the si gma val ue i s s, then:
Rayl ei gh
Mux
Mean
& var
Graph
[sqrt(pi /2), (2-pi /2)]
Expected val ue

The first device generates Rayleigh distributed noise. The output vector size of this block
is the same as the vector size of the seed (sigma=1). The 2
nd
block has at its output the
running mean to 1
st
out-port and running variant to 2
nd
out-port. The 3
rd
block has as
output a constant [sqrt(pi/2),2-pi/2]. The mux combines all the three input signals into
larger vectors.
The graphs for different values of the sampling time:

sample time=0.1s sample time=1s sample time=5s

I6.The block scheme for rician random demo:
The mean val ue of the sqaure of the Ri ci an noi se output i s 2+2K
and the vari ance of the square of the Ri ci an noi se output i s 2(2+4K)
Assume the the si gma val ue i s 1, the means for i n-phase and
quadrature are mI and mQ. The K-factor K=(mI^2+mQ^2)/2, then,
Ri ci an (m)
Ri ci an (K)
Mux
Mean
& var
Mean
& var Graph
[6 20]
Expected val ue


The first block generates Rician distributed noise. The output vector size of this block is
the same as the vector size of the seed (K=2, sigma=1). The block from bellow is similar
having m=sqrt(2), sigma=1.The following blocks are multipliers or dividers. The other
blocks have at its output the running mean to 1
st
out-port and running variant to 2
nd
out-
port. The block expected value has as output a constant [6 20]. The multiplexer
combines all five input signals into larger signals.
The graphs for different values of the sampling time:

sample time=0.1s sample time=1s sample time=5s

II.1 The block scheme of the AWGN noise demo



Rd wksp - read from workspace- read from a work space variable at sampling time point.
S-QASK passband S-QASK modulation modulate the input signal using qadrature
amplitude shift keyng modulation method with square constellation.
AWGN channel, fixed parameter additive with Gaussian nise channel with fixed
meanand variance.
S-QASK - passband S-QASK demodulation demodulate a QASK modulated signal
using sqare constellation.
Error meter symbol/bit error counter use the input data from the first port as the
reference signal to detect the no. of errors and error rate of the second port input signal.

Sigma=0.1

Stop
time
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
BER
symbol
0.25 0.15 0.21 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.133 0.125
BER bit 0.083 0.05 0.07 0.043 0.047 0.042 0.05 0.044 0.041

0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2


BER symbol=f(t) BER bit=f(t)

Sigma=1

Stop
time
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
BER
symbol
0.675 0.65 0.612 0.58 0.6 0.557 0.55 0.516 0.575
BER bit 0.275 0.3 0.270 0.26 0.261 0.219 0.22 0.212 0.253

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2


BER symbol=f(t) BER bit=f(t)



II.2.The block scheme of the Raylegh noise demo:



Rd wksp - read from workspace- read from a work space variable at sampling time point.
S-QASK passband S-QASK modulation output the complex envelope of the QASK
modulated signal.This blok uses a sqare constellation with M-ary no. M=2^K,
where K is an integer.
Rayl N Rayleigh noise channel, fixed parameter additive Rayleigh noise channel for
Baseband signal simulation. Input and output signals are complex.
S-QASK baseband S-QASK demodulation demodulate the complex envelope of a
QASK modulated signal.This blok uses a fixed sqare constellation with M-ary no.
M=2^K, where K is an integer.
Error meter symbol/bit error counter use the input data from the first port as the
reference signal to detect the no. of errors and error rate of the second port input signal.



Sigma=0.3

Stop
time
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
BER
symbol
0.05 0.066 0.025 0.04 0.05 0.057 0.037 0.044 0.03
BER bit 0.016 0.022 0.0083 0.013 0.016 0.019 0.0125 0.014 0.01

0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2

BER symbol=f(t) BER bit=f(t)

Sigma=3

Stop
time
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
BER
symbol
0.8 0.766 0.775 0.72 0.716 0.7 0.7 0.677 0.78
BER bit 0.433 0.388 0.408 0.366 0.355 0.323 0.333 0.359 0.403


0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2

BER symbol=f(t) BER bit=f(t)


II.3 The block scheme of the Rician noise demo:



Rd wksp - read from workspace- read from a work space variable at sampling time point.
C-QASK baseband C-QASK modulation output the complex envelope of a QASK
modulated signal. The QASK circle constellation is defined by the NIC,RIC
and PIC.
Rician N Rician noise channel, fixed parameter additive Rician noise channel for a
baseband sinal simulation. Input and output sgnals are complex.
C-QASK baseband C-QASK demodulation demodulate the complex envelope of a
QASK Circle constellation is defined by NIC,RIC and PIC.
Error meter symbol/bit error counter use the input data from the first port as the
reference signal to detect the no. of errors and error rate of the second port input signal.




Sigma=0.1

Stop
time
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
BER
symbol
0.3 0.2 0.1 0.18 0.15 0.128 0.087 0.088 0.12
BER bit 0.071 0.052 0.028 0.054 0.047 0.036 0.032 0.025 0.035

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2

BER symbol=f(t) BER bit=f(t)


Sigma=1
Stop
time
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
BER
symbol
0.75 0.666 0.625 0.6 0.633 0.642 0.625 0.622 0.64
BER bit 0.22 0.209 0.16 0.165 0.19 0.187 0.189 0.182 0.174


0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series2

BER symbol=f(t) BER bit=f(t)

Laboratory 2

Multiple access techniques

III .1 D-TMA demo



Signal generator output various wave forms-sine, sawtooth, sine.
Mux combine scalar or vector signals into larger vectors.
D-TDMA mux digital TDMA input a vecor digital signal. Output a scalar up-sampled
digital signal.
D-TDMA demux reverse digital signal. Output a vector of a down-sampled digital
signal.
Demux split vector signal into scalars or smaller vectors.
Stop time=10
Input sample time for D-TMAmux and D-TMA dmux=0.01




Input sample time for D-TMAmux and D-TMA dmux=0.1




Input sample time for D-TMAmux and D-TMA dmux=1



III.2 Time share demo



Signal generator output various wave forms-sine, sawtooth, sine.
Mux combine scalar or vector signals into larger vectors.
Time share mux analog time division multi access this block partititions each transfer
period into even length time slots.Each element of the input vector takes one slot in turn.
Time share demux reverse analog TDMA This block partitions each transfer peiod
into even length time slots.Each element of the output vector takes one time slot to output
the input in turn.
Demux split vector signal into scalars or smaller vectors.

Stop time=10
Transfer period at time share-mux and time-share demux=0.001sec




Transfer period at time share-mux and time-share demux=0.01sec


Transfer period at time share-mux and time-share demux=0.1sec


Transfer period at time share-mux and time-share demux=1sec


III.3 FDMA demo



Signal generator output various wave forms-sine, sawtooth, sine.
DSB AM passband DSB_SC AM modulate the input signal using DSB-SC AM
method.
Butter(BP) butterworth band pass filter.
Sum add or substract inputs.
AWGN channel, fixed parameter additive with Gaussian nise channel with fixed
meanand variance.
DSB ADM passband DSB-SC AM modulated signal.
Mux combine scalar or vector signals into larger vectors.
Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.03
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.01

Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.03
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.1


Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.03
Variance of the noise in the channel=1



Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.003
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.01



Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.003
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.1



Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.003
Variance of the noise in the channel=1



Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.3
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.01



Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.3
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.1



Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.3
Variance of the noise in the channel=1




III.4 CDMA demo



Signal generator output various wave forms-sine, sawtooth, sine.
Mux combine scalar or vector signals into larger vectors.
Pulse generator vector pulses with sample rate of each pulse as Sample_time/Divider.
Vector signal re-distribution the rising edge from the 2
nd
inport triggers the block to
output the input element with the index given in the next row of switch box.
AWGN channel, fixed parameter additive with Gaussian nise channel with fixed
meanand variance.

Demux split vector signal into scalars or smaller vectors.
DSB-AM passband DSB-SC AM modulate the input signal using DSB-SC AM
method.
Sum add or substract inputs.
Butter(BP) butterworth band pass filter.


Butter(BP) butterworth band pass filter.
DSB ADM passband DSB-SC ADM demodulate a DSB-SC AM modulated signal.
Mux combine scalar or vector signals into larger vectors.




Unit delay sample and hold with one sample period delay.
Edge detection detect the rising edge of the input signal.Output one when the risig edge
is detected.
Sum add or substract inputs.
Zero order hold.

Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.03
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.01



Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.03
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.1



Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.03
Variance of the noise in the channel=1


Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.3
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.01

Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.3
Variance of the noise in the channel=0.1

Stop time=10
Filters bandwidth=0.3
Variance of the noise in the channel=1