CHAPTER 9 TOOLS

9.1
p = z

(see cumulative probabilities for sandard normal distribution table)
In the two tail test, the yielded p is multiplied by two.
Z Test Statistic for a Hypothesis Test of the Population Mean (when is known)
(mean of sample) 5.7
1.8
n 50

H0
(claimed mean) 5
z

2.749859705
Critical Z Score (z
a
) 1.65
This is the extreme bound- find using significance value
p-value (from table) 0.0628 For two tail test, this is 1 minus the z

table value multiplied by two. P=(1-zx)*2

Critical Sample Mean (
a
) 5.420021428
9.2
Student T Distribution for the Mean ( unknown)
TINV(alpha,degrees of freedom) finds critical values 2.093024

H0
210
0.05
n 20
x
i
degrees of freedom 19 215
(Sample Mean) 205.8 129
s (sample standard dev) s=SQRT(((x
i
- )
2
)/(n-1) 84.208138 187
t
/2
(see table 5 in appendix) t

= (x-
H0
)/(s/SQRT(n)) -0.223054 338
p USE phStat 139

a
170.5898312 79
249.4101688 186
305
55
203
163
334
88
233
261
276
225
328
201
171
The p value is the probability of observing a sample mean at least as extreme as the one selected for the
hypothesis test, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Sample Standard Dev. Table
9.3
Z Test for a Proportion When x and (n-x) are both at least equal to 5, the z
p
test statistic follows a standard normal distribution.

H0
0.37
x (data of interest) 31
n (sample size) 100
p = x/n 0.31
z
p
= (p -
H0
) / SQRT((
H0
*(1-
H0
))/n) -1.242739532
Critical Sample Proportions
z
/2
1.645
P

=
H0
+ (z
/2
)* (
H0
*(1-
H0
))/n] 0.449421309 (for right side only)
P

=
H0
- (z
/2
)* (
H0
*(1-
H0
))/n] 0.290578691 (for left side only)
p-value = table value of z
p
(x2 if 2tail test)
9.4
Probability of Type 2 Error Occuring
n 36
5

H0
(hypothesized population mean) 58.4
0.01
z

2.33

=
H0
+ (z

)*(/n]) 60.34166667
(actual value) 61.6
z = (

- )/(/n]) -1.51
(probability of type 2 error) 0.5675 Equal to the standard normal distribution table value of z
Cumulative Probabilities for standard normal distribution tables are on page 858 and 859
(see cumulative probabilities for sandard normal distribution table)
This is the extreme bound- find using significance value
For two tail test, this is 1 minus the z

table value multiplied by two. P=(1-zx)*2

= significance level of the confidence interval degrees of freedom = n-1 n = sample size
x
i
- (x
i
- )
2
134729.2
9.2 84.64
-76.8 5898.24
-18.8 353.44
132.2 17476.84
-66.8 4462.24 -0.18869
-126.8 16078.24
-19.8 392.04
99.2 9840.64
-150.8 22740.64
-2.8 7.84
-42.8 1831.84
128.2 16435.24
-117.8 13876.84
27.2 739.84
55.2 3047.04
70.2 4928.04
19.2 368.64
122.2 14932.84
-4.8 23.04
-34.8 1211.04
The p value is the probability of observing a sample mean at least as extreme as the one selected for the
hypothesis test, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Sample Standard Dev. Table
When x and (n-x) are both at least equal to 5, the z
p
test statistic follows a standard normal distribution.
Equal to the standard normal distribution table value of z
n = sample size