1362

GLOSSAEY.
Srrra. Carved timberwork at the doorway of old houses, to support a projecting upper
story; some fine examples of the fourteenth century exist in York and other old
towns.
Square. (Lat. Quadra.) A figure of four equal sides, and as many equal angles. An area
of such form surrounded by houses, and ornamented in the centre with a lawn, shrubs,
trees, &c. In joinery, a work is said to be square framed, ov framed square, when the
framing has all the angles of its styles, rails, and muntins square without being moulded.
The word is also applied to an instrument for setting out angles square. See Cab-
PENTEu's Sqtjahe. It is also a measure used in building, of 100 superficial feet.
Square Shoot. A wooden trough for discharging water from a building.
Square Staff. A piece of wood placed at the external angle of a projection in a room,
to secure the angle, which if of plaster would be liable to be broken, and at the same
time to allow a good finish for the papering.
Squaring a HA>a)EAii,. The method of cutting a plank to the form of a rail for a stair-
case, so that all tlie vertical sections may be right angles.
Squarixg a piece of stuff. The act of trying it by the square, to make the angles
right angles.
Squinch. a small arch, or set of arches, formed across an angle, as in a tower, to form a
base for an octagon construction above it.
Squint. See Hagioscopk.
Stable. Lat.) A building for the accommodation of horses.
Stack of Cuimneys. See Chimney.
Stadium. (Gr.) In ancient arcliitecture, an open space wherein the athletse or wrestlers
exercised running, and in which they contested the prizes. It signifies also tiie place
icself where the public games were celebrated, which often formed a part of the gymnasia.
The word also denotes a measure of length among the Grecians, of 125 paces.
Staff Bead. See Angle-Bead ;
Square Staff.
Stage. A floor or story. In a theatre, the floor on -which the performers act. The
stage of a buttress is, in ecclesiastical architecture, the part between one splayed projec-
tion and the next.
Stained GLlass. Glass stained throughout its thickness during its manufacture is known
as "pot metal" glass. White glass is sometimes coloured on the surface only, whence it
is called
"
flashed
"
glass. Both sorts are used for decorating windows in patterns, as
in churches. See Painted Glass.
Staircase. That part or subdivi.>>ion in a building containing the stairs, which enable
persons to ascend or descend from one floor trt another.
Stairs. (Sax. ScseSfP, to step.) Stones, or otlier material forming stops, ranged one
above and beyond another, by which a person can ascend a height. A series of steps or
stiiirs for ascending from the lower to the upper part of a building, when encloseti, is
c.iUed a staircase.
Stalk. (Sax.) An ornament in the Corinthian capital, which is sometimes flute<l, and
resembles the stalk of a plant ; from it spring the volutes and helices.
Stall. (Sax.) A place or division in a stable wherein one horse is placed for feeding and
sleeping. According to their number in a stable it is called a one-stall, two-stiU. &c.,
stable. This word is also used to denote the elevated seats in the choir or chancel of a
church appropriated to ecclesiastics. The precentor's stall is the first return stall on
the left on entering the choir. The dean's stall is the first rpturn still on the right.
Stanchion. (Fr. Estan^on.) A prop or support. The upright iron bars of a window or
open screen. Also a Puncheon.
Standards. The upright pieces in a plate rack ; or above a dresser to support the
shelving. When the edges of standards are cut into mouldings, according to the
widths of the shelves, and across the fibres of the wood, they are called cut standards.
Staple. A small piece of iron pointed at each end. and bent round, so that the two ends
may be parallel to each other, and of equal lengths, to bo driven into wood or into a wall,
thus forming a loop for fastening a hasp or bolt.
Star Moulding. One of the usual decorations of a
surface in Norman architecture. Fig. 1440.
Starlings or Sterlings, sometimes called Stilts.
An assemblage of piles driven round the piers of a
bridge to give it support.
Statics. See Mechanics. Fig. 1440.
Statuary Marble. The pure white marble, such as
is obtained from Carrara, and used by sculptors and carvers for their best works.
Statumen. a mortar of lime and sand used by the Komans for pavements, as stited by
Vitruvius. vii. 1. See Rudkration.
Staves. Small upright cylinders, sometimes called roitndf, for forming a rack to contain
the hay in a stible for tlie supply of it to the horse.