Bài tập giải tích

GII TCH 1
HONG HI H
BCH KHOA TPHCM
17th June 2013
HONG HI H (HBK TPHCM) GII TCH 1 17th June 2013 1 / 85
1
GII HN DY
Php ton v gii hn dy
BI TP THC HNH
2
HM S
Hm s c bn
Gii hn hm
VCB
V cng ln
V. Hm lin tc
3
O HM
Cc php ton o hm
Quy tc LHospitale
CNG THC TAYLOR
4
KHO ST HM S
Cc tr hm s
Tim cn
5
TCH PHN BT NH
Phng php tnh v cc dng tch phn
Tch phn hu t
Tch phn lng gic
Tch phn v t
6
TCH PHN SUY RNG
Tp suy rng loi 1
CHNG I: DY S
I. Cc php ton v gii hn dy
Hai dy a
n
, b
n
c lima
n
= a, limb
n
= b th:
lim(a
n
b
n
) = a b
lim(a
n
b
n
) = ab
lim
a
n
b
n
=
a
b
nu b
n
= 0, b = 0
lima
n
b
n
= a
b
nu a
n
> 0
CH :
1
a = ,
a
= 0,
a
0
= (a = 0),
a
+
= +(a > 1), a
= 0(a > 1).

2
Cc dng v nh:
0
0
,
, , 0.,
0
, 0
0
, 1
.
.
I. Cc php ton v gii hn dy
Hai dy a
n
, b
n
c lima
n
= a, limb
n
= b th:
lim(a
n
b
n
) = a b
lim(a
n
b
n
) = ab
lim
a
n
b
n
=
a
b
nu b
n
= 0, b = 0
lima
n
b
n
= a
b
nu a
n
> 0
CH :
1
a = ,
a
= 0,
a
0
= (a = 0),
a
+
= +(a > 1), a
= 0(a > 1).

2
Cc dng v nh:
0
0
,
, , 0.,
0
, 0
0
, 1
.
.
II. Phng php tnh gii hn
VCB-VCL
Dy s {a
n
} l VCL nu lim|a
n
| = +, l VCB nu
lima
n
= 0.
Tng ng VCL
Hai VCL {a
n
}, {b
n
} gi l tng ng nu lim
a
n
b
n
= 1.
K hiu : a
n
b
n
So snh bc VCL
VCL {a
n
} c bc nh hn {b
n
} nu lim
a
n
b
n
= 0. K hiu:
a
n
<< b
n
.
II. Phng php tnh gii hn
VCB-VCL
Dy s {a
n
} l VCL nu lim|a
n
| = +, l VCB nu
lima
n
= 0.
Tng ng VCL
Hai VCL {a
n
}, {b
n
} gi l tng ng nu lim
a
n
b
n
= 1.
K hiu : a
n
b
n
So snh bc VCL
VCL {a
n
} c bc nh hn {b
n
} nu lim
a
n
b
n
= 0. K hiu:
a
n
<< b
n
.
So snh bc cc VCL
ln
<< n
<< a
n
, (a > 1) << n!, , > 0.
Thay tng ng VCL
1
Tng hu hn cc VCL T VCL bc cao nht
2
c php thay T qua cc php ton tch, thng,
php cng nu khng b trit tiu.
3
Ch c php thay T qua hai hm logarit, ly tha
s m .
4
Tng VCL v mt hm b chn T VCL.
Ta c ng thc sau: Nu a
n
, b
n
, c
n
, d
n
ln lt l cc
VCL, v a
n
c
n
, b
n
d
n
, th: lim
a
n
b
n
= lim
c
n
d
n
.
Gii hn kp
Nu u
n
x
n
v
n
, lim
n
u
n
= lim
n
v
n
= A. Khi :
lim
n
x
n
= A
V d 1.1
a. lim
n
sin x
x
= 0, ( > 0) do
1
x

sin x
x

1
x
b. lim
n
_
2008
n
_
n
= 0 do 0 <
_
2008
n
_
n
<
_
2008
2009
_
n
Gii hn kp
Nu u
n
x
n
v
n
, lim
n
u
n
= lim
n
v
n
= A. Khi :
lim
n
x
n
= A
V d 1.1
a. lim
n
sin x
x
= 0, ( > 0) do
1
x

sin x
x

1
x
b. lim
n
_
2008
n
_
n
= 0 do 0 <
_
2008
n
_
n
<
_
2008
2009
_
n
Bin i thnh cc gii hn c bn
a. lim
n
1
n
= 0
b. lim
n
q
n
= 0, |q| < 1
c. lim
n
_
1 +
a
n
_
n
= e
a
, a
d. lim
n
n
n
p
= 1, p
e. lim
n
n
a = 1, a > 0
Bi 1: Tnh cc gii hn dy sau
a. lim
n
n sin n
n
2
+ cos
4
n
b. lim
n
2
n
+ 3
n
2.2
n
+ 3
n
c. lim
n
5.2
n
3.5
n+2
100.2
n
+ 4.5
n
d. lim(n
7
8
n
6
7
ln
2
n)
d. lim
n
(n + 1)
4
(n 1)
4
(n
2
+ 1)
2
(n
2
1)
2
e. lim
n
(2 + n)
100
n
100
200n
99
n
98
10n
2
+ 1
f. lim
n
ln(n
2
n + 1)
ln(n
10
+ n + 1)
g. lim
n
_
3
n
3
+ n
2
+ 2002 n
_
h. lim
n
n
3/2
_
n + 1 +
n 1 2
n
_
Dng m
i. lim
n
n
_
n
2
+ 4
n
n + 5
n
k. lim
n
n
3
n
+ n2
n
l. lim
n
_
1 +
1
n
_
2n+1
m. lim
n
(1 + n)
n
(3 + n)
n+1
(4 + n)
n+2
(2 + n)
3n+3
n. lim
n
_
n
2
n + 1
n
2
+ n + 1
_
n
o. lim
n
_
2
n
+ 3
2.2
n
+ 1
_
n
Dng m
i. lim
n
n
_
n
2
+ 4
n
n + 5
n
k. lim
n
n
3
n
+ n2
n
l. lim
n
_
1 +
1
n
_
2n+1
m. lim
n
(1 + n)
n
(3 + n)
n+1
(4 + n)
n+2
(2 + n)
3n+3
n. lim
n
_
n
2
n + 1
n
2
+ n + 1
_
n
o. lim
n
_
2
n
+ 3
2.2
n
+ 1
_
n
Tm cc gii hn dy sau nhn gi tr hu hn:
a. lim
n
n
_
n
2
+ n + 1
3
n
4
+ n
2
+ 1
_
b. lim
n
(n
2
+ 1)
n
2
2
3
n)
CHNG II: HM S
I. Hm s c bn
y = a
x
, a > 0
D=R, E=(0, +).
lim
x+
y =
_
0 if 0 < a < 1
+ if a > 1
lim
x
y =
_
0 if a > 1
+ if 0 < a < 1
y = log
a
x
D=(0, +), E=R.
lim
x+
y =
_
if 0 < a < 1
+ if a > 1
lim
x0
+
y =
_
if a > 1
+ if 0 < a < 1
y = arcsinx
D=[-1 1], E=[
2
,

2
]
y = arccosx
D=[-1 1], E=[0, pi ]
y = arctanx
D=R, E=(
2
,

2
)
lim
x
y =
2
y = arccotanx
D=R, E=(0, )
lim
x+
y = 0, lim
x
y =
Hm hyperbolic
y =
e
x
e
x
2
= shx, y =
e
x
+e
x
2
= chx
D=R
y = thx =
shx
chx
D=R
y = cthx =
chx
shx
D: x = 1
Tm tp xc nh cc hm sau
y = (1 + x)
1
x
y = sh(1 + x) + arcsin(x
2
+ x)
y = ln(1 +
2
x
)
y = ln(arcsin(x 1))
II. Gii hn
Gii hn mt pha
Gii hn bn phi: lim
xx
0
+
f (x) = f (x
0
+)
Gii hn bn tri: lim
xx
0
f (x) = f (x
0
)
Ch : Gi tr lim
xx
0
f (x) tn ti khi v ch khi:
f (x
0
+) = f (x
0
) = A
Mt s gii hn hm s c bn
lim
x0
(1 + ax)
1/x
= e
a
, a
lim
x0
sinx
x
= lim
x0
ln(1 + x)
x
= lim
x0
e
x
1
x
= 1
lim
x0
1 cosx
x
2
= lim
x0
chx 1
x
2
=
1
2
III. V cng b
nh ngha
(x) c gi l VCB khi x x
0
nu lim
xx
0
(x) = 0
So snh cc VCB
Xt 2 VCB (x), (x) khi x x
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()
b. k = l VCB cp thp hn .
c. k HH. v l 2 VCB cng cp. Nu k = 1, ta ni
T , k hiu .
III. V cng b
nh ngha
0
nu lim
xx
0
(x) = 0
So snh cc VCB
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0
= o()
T , k hiu .
III. V cng b
nh ngha
0
nu lim
xx
0
(x) = 0
So snh cc VCB
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()
T , k hiu .
III. V cng b
nh ngha
0
nu lim
xx
0
(x) = 0
So snh cc VCB
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()
b. k =
l VCB cp thp hn .
T , k hiu .
III. V cng b
nh ngha
0
nu lim
xx
0
(x) = 0
So snh cc VCB
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()
T , k hiu .
III. V cng b
nh ngha
0
nu lim
xx
0
(x) = 0
So snh cc VCB
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()
T , k hiu .
Bc ca VCB
(x) l VCB bc k ti x
0
nu lim
xx
0
(x)
(x x
0
)
k
= A = 0
CC TNH CHT CA V CNG B TNG NG
a. Nu
_
f

TH f .
b. Tng cc VCB khc cp s T v cng b cp thp
nht.
c.
_

lim
xx
0
f = A
TH f A
d.
_
f g, f , g > 0
lim
xx
0
g = 1
TH lnf lng
a. Nu
_
f

TH f .
nht.
c.
_

lim
xx
0
f = A
TH f A
d.
_
f g, f , g > 0
lim
xx
0
g = 1
TH lnf lng
a. Nu
_
f

TH f .
nht.
c.
_

lim
xx
0
f = A
TH f A
d.
_
f g, f , g > 0
lim
xx
0
g = 1
TH lnf lng
a. Nu
_
f

TH f .
nht.
c.
_

lim
xx
0
f = A
TH f A
d.
_
f g, f , g > 0
lim
xx
0
g = 1
TH lnf lng
Cng thc tnh gii hn dnh cho dng
0
0
Nu f , g khi x x
0
TH lim
xx
0
f
g
= lim
xx
0
Cc tng ng thc c bn khi x 0

1/ ln(1 + x) x 2/ e
x
1 x
3/ (1 + x)
1 x 4/ 1 cosx
x
2
2
5/ arctanx x 6/ shx x
7/ chx 1
x
2
2
Tm hm g(x) = Ax
n
sao cho f g khi x 0
1. f = sin
_
2x +
x + x
2
x
5
2. f = 2
x
2
1
3. f =
4 x
4
+ x
2
2
4. f = ln(1 + sinx) x
2
5. f = 2sinx tan2x
6. f =
x
2
artanx
x
5
+ x
2
+ 1
7. f = e
x
2
+x
e
2x
p dng tng ng VCB tnh cc gii hn sau
1. lim
x
x
_
3
1
x
1
_
2.
lim
x0
3
1 + 3x
5
1 + 2x
1 + 5x
4
1 + 2x
3.
lim
x0
e
x
2
1
1 + sin
2
x 1
4.
lim
x1+
x
x
x
ln(1 +
x
2
1)
5. lim
x1
e
x
2
+x
e
2x
cos
x
2
6.
lim
x0
2x + 2arctan3x + 3x
2
ln(1 + 3x + sin
2
x) + xe
x
Gii hn dng m 1
1/ lim
x0
_
cosx + arctan
2
x
_
1
arctan
2
x
2/ lim
x1
lnx x + 1
x x
x
3/ lim
x
_
e
1/x
+
1
x
_
x
4/ lim
x+
_
2
arctanx
_
x
5/ lim
x0
(chx)
1
1 cosx
IV. VCL
NH NGHA
(x) c gi l VCL khi x x
0
nu lim
xx
0
|(x)| =
So snh cc VCL
Xt 2 VCL (x), (x) khi x x
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()
b. k = l VCL cp CAO hn .
c. k HH. v l 2 VCL cng cp. Nu k = 1, ta c

IV. VCL
NH NGHA
0
nu lim
xx
0
|(x)| =
So snh cc VCL
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()

IV. VCL
NH NGHA
0
nu lim
xx
0
|(x)| =
So snh cc VCL
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0
= o()

IV. VCL
NH NGHA
0
nu lim
xx
0
|(x)| =
So snh cc VCL
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()

IV. VCL
NH NGHA
0
nu lim
xx
0
|(x)| =
So snh cc VCL
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()
b. k =
l VCL cp CAO hn .

IV. VCL
NH NGHA
0
nu lim
xx
0
|(x)| =
So snh cc VCL
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()

IV. VCL
NH NGHA
0
nu lim
xx
0
|(x)| =
So snh cc VCL
0
v t s : lim
xx
0
= k.
a. k = 0 = o()

CC TNH CHT CA V CNG LN TNG NG
a. Nu
_
f

TH f .
b. Tng cc VCL khc cp s T v cng ln cp CAO
nht.
c.
_

lim
xx
0
f = A
TH f A
d.
_
f g, f , g > 0
lim
xx
0
g = 1
TH lnf lng
Ch : Cng tr hai v cc tng ng thc
khng phi lc no cng ng
a. Nu
_
f

TH f .
nht.
c.
_

lim
xx
0
f = A
TH f A
d.
_
f g, f , g > 0
lim
xx
0
g = 1
TH lnf lng
a. Nu
_
f

TH f .
nht.
c.
_

lim
xx
0
f = A
TH f A
d.
_
f g, f , g > 0
lim
xx
0
g = 1
TH lnf lng
a. Nu
_
f

TH f .
nht.
c.
_

lim
xx
0
f = A
TH f A
d.
_
f g, f , g > 0
lim
xx
0
g = 1
TH lnf lng
TH T SO SNH CC VCL HAY GP
ln
x << x
<< a
x
, khi x +
V d 2.1
Sp xp cc VCL theo th t tng dn khi x +:
a. 2
x
, x
2
, x
2
+ sin
4
x, xlnx
b.
3x
2
+ 1ln(2x), xlnx, xln(x
2
+ 3)
TH T SO SNH CC VCL HAY GP
ln
x << x
<< a
x
, khi x +
V d 2.1
Sp xp cc VCL theo th t tng dn khi x +:
a. 2
x
, x
2
, x
2
+ sin
4
x, xlnx
b.
3x
2
+ 1ln(2x), xlnx, xln(x
2
+ 3)
Tm tng ng thc g = Ax
n
khi x x
0
vi cc hm
f sau:
a. f =
x
2
arctanx
x
5
+ x
2
+ 1
, x
0
= +
b. f =
x + 2 2
x + 1 +
x
, x
0
= +
c. f =
x
2
+ 1 x, x
0
=
d. f =
x
2
+ 1
3
1 x
2
, x
0
=
TNH GII HN BNG CCH THAY TNG NG
V CNG LN:
1. lim
x
(
x
2
+ 8x + 3
x
2
+ 4x + 3)
2. lim
x+
(2x
4x
2
7x + 4)
3. lim
x
arcsin(
x
2
+ x + x)
4. lim
x
_
x +
_
x
3
+ 2x
2
x + 1
_
5. lim
x+
(
6
x
6
+ x
5
x
6
x
5
)
6.(*) lim
x+
e
x
(sh
x
2
+ x sh
x
2
x)
HM LIN TC
Hm lin tc
a. Hm f (x) l lin tc ti x
0
nu tha mn:
f (x
0
+) = f (x
0
) = f (x
0
)
b. Hm f (x) lin tc trn tp D nu n lin tc ti mi
im ca D.
c. Cc hm s cp lin tc trn tp xc nh.
d. Kho st tnh lin tc mt hm s( thng l hm
ghp) trn tp xc nh, ta ch cn kho st ti cc im
ghp.
HM LIN TC
Hm lin tc
0
nu tha mn:
f (x
0
+) = f (x
0
) = f (x
0
)
im ca D.
ghp.
HM LIN TC
Hm lin tc
0
nu tha mn:
f (x
0
+) = f (x
0
) = f (x
0
)
im ca D.
ghp.
HM LIN TC
Hm lin tc
0
nu tha mn:
f (x
0
+) = f (x
0
) = f (x
0
)
im ca D.
ghp.
Tm gi tr a, b cc hm sau l hm lin tc trn tp
xc nh
a. f (x) =
_
e
1
x
, x = 0
a, x = 0
b. f (x) =
_
_
_
(x 1)
3
, x 0
ax + b, 0 < x < 1
x, x 1
c. f (x) =
_
x, |x| 1
x
2
+ ax + b, |x| 1
xc nh
a. f (x) =
_
e
1
x
, x = 0
a, x = 0
b. f (x) =
_
_
_
(x 1)
3
, x 0
ax + b, 0 < x < 1
x, x 1
c. f (x) =
_
x, |x| 1
x
2
+ ax + b, |x| 1
xc nh
a. f (x) =
_
e
1
x
, x = 0
a, x = 0
b. f (x) =
_
_
_
(x 1)
3
, x 0
ax + b, 0 < x < 1
x, x 1
c. f (x) =
_
x, |x| 1
x
2
+ ax + b, |x| 1
CHNG III: O HM
HM S
I. Cc php ton o hm v vi phn
o hm hm hp
f = f (u), u = u(x) f

(x) = f

(u)u
(x)
o hm tham s
Hm tham s c cho bi: x = x(t), y = y(t).
y
(x) =
y
(t)
x
(t)
.
o hm cp 2: y
(x) =
[y
(x)]
t
x
(t)
o hm cp cao
Cng thc Lebnitz: (fg)
(n)
=
n
k=0
C
k
n
f
(k)
g
nk
o hm hm hp
f = f (u), u = u(x) f

(x) = f

(u)u
(x)
o hm tham s
y
(x) =
y
(t)
x
(t)
.
o hm cp 2: y
(x) =
[y
(x)]
t
x
(t)
o hm cp cao
(n)
=
n
k=0
C
k
n
f
(k)
g
nk
o hm hm hp
f = f (u), u = u(x) f

(x) = f

(u)u
(x)
o hm tham s
y
(x) =
y
(t)
x
(t)
.
o hm cp 2: y
(x) =
[y
(x)]
t
x
(t)
o hm cp cao
(n)
=
n
k=0
C
k
n
f
(k)
g
nk
Cc cng thc o hm cp cao c bn
1. f = a
x
, f
(n)
= a
x
ln
n
a
2. f =
1
x + a
, f
(n)
= (1)
n
n!
(x + a)
n+1
3. f = ln(x + a),
f
(n)
=
_
1
x + a
_
(n1)
= (1)
n1
(n 1)!
(x + a)
n
.
4. f = sin(ax), f
(n)
= a
n
sin(ax + n
2
)
Tnh o hm cc hm s sau:
1. y = a
arcsin(1 + x
2
)
x
, a > 0
2. y = (ln(1 + x))
sinx
3. y =
_
x
n
sin
1
x
, x = 0, n N
0 x = 0
4. y = arctan(2
x
)
5. y = x|x
2
5x + 6|
6. x = ln(1 + t
2
), y =
t arctant
Gi s f (x), g(x) c o hm vi mi x. Tnh o
hm ca:
a. y = f (x)
g(x)
, f (x) > 0
b. y = f (e
x
)e
f (x)
Vi phn
Vi phn cp n ca hm y = f (x) ti x
0
d
n
f (x
0
) = f
n
(x
0
)dx
n
Quy tc vi phn
d(fg) = fdg + gdf
d(
f
g
) =
gdf fdg
g
2
d(f

) = f
1
df
d(a
f
) = a
f
lnadf , d(lnf ) = df /f
Trong ,f,g l hm ph thuc x. CH : d
2
x = 0.
Vi phn
Vi phn cp n ca hm y = f (x) ti x
0
d
n
f (x
0
) = f
n
(x
0
)dx
n
Quy tc vi phn
d(fg) = fdg + gdf
d(
f
g
) =
gdf fdg
g
2
d(f

) = f
1
df
d(a
f
) = a
f
lnadf , d(lnf ) = df /f
Trong ,f,g l hm ph thuc x. CH : d
2
x = 0.
Tnh df (x
0
):
a. f =
1
x
+ ln
x 1
x
, x
0
= 1
b. f =
x
2
2
x
x
x
, x
0
= 2
Vit biu thc dy theo du v dv:
a. y = e
uv
b. y =
uv
u
2
+ v
2
Tnh vi phn cp 2 ti x
0
ca hm:
f = arctan
2 + x
2
2 x
2
Tnh d
2
y theo dx
2
cc hm tham s:
1. x =
t
2
1 + t
3
, y =
t
3
1 + t
3
2. x = (t
2
+ 1)e
t
, y = t
2
e
2t
ti t = 0
Tnh cc o hm cp cao sau: y
n
(x
0
)
1. y =
x
2
1 x
, n = 8, x
0
= 0.
2. y = (x
2
2x)cos3x, n = 101, x
0
= 0.
3. y = x
2
lnx, n = 100, x
0
= 1
Quy tc LHospitale
Xt gii hn dng
0
0
hoc

Nu lim
xx
0
f

(x)
g
(x)
tn ti th:
lim
xx
0
f (x)
g(x)
= lim
xx
0
f

(x)
g
(x)
CH :
i vi cc dng v nh cn li, mun dng LHopitale,
phi bin i v hai dng trn trc.
Tnh cc gii hn sau:
1. lim
x0
xarcsinx
2
xcosx sinx
2. lim
x0
(x + 1)ln(x + 1) x
e
x
x 1
3. lim
x0
+
3 + lnx
2 3lnsinx
4. lim
x+
3
xln(lnx)
3
2x + 3
lnx
5. lim
x0
+
(x
x
1)lnx 6. lim
x+
( 2arctan
x)
x
7. lim
x0
_
1
sinx

1
x
_
8. lim
x0
_
1
x

1
e
x
1
_
9. lim
x1
x
1
x1
10. lim
x0
+
(arcsinx)
tanx
11. lim
x+
(3x
2
+ 3
x
)
1
x
12. lim
x0
+
x
x
x
1
II. KHAI TRIN TAYLOR
nh ngha
Hm f (x) lin tc trn [a, b] v kh vi n cp n-1. Tn
ti f
(n)
(x
0
) vi x
0
[a, b]. Khai trin Taylor ca f (x) n
cp n ti x
0
l :
f (x) =
n
k=0
f
(n)
(x
0
)
k!
(x x
0
)
k
+ o((x x
0
)
n
) .
Trong : o((x x
0
)
n
) l phn d Peano.
Vi x
0
= 0 : Khai trin MACLAURINT.
II. KHAI TRIN TAYLOR
nh ngha
Hm f (x) lin tc trn [a, b] v kh vi n cp n-1. Tn
ti f
(n)
(x
0
) vi x
0
[a, b]. Khai trin Taylor ca f (x) n
cp n ti x
0
l :
f (x) =
n
k=0
f
(n)
(x
0
)
k!
(x x
0
)
k
+ o((x x
0
)
n
) .
Trong : o((x x
0
)
n
) l phn d Peano.
Vi x
0
= 0 : Khai trin MACLAURINT.
Khai trin Maclaurint cc hm s cp n cp n:
1. e
x
= 1 + x +
x
2
2!
+
x
3
3!
+ ... +
x
n
n!
+ o(x
n
)
2. ln(1 + x) = x
x
2
2
+
x
3
3!
+ ... + (1)
n1
x
n
n
+ o(x
n
)
3. (1 + x)
= 1 + x +
( 1)
2!
x
2
+ ... +
( 1)...( n + 1)
n!
x
n
+ o(x
n
)
4. sinx = x
x
3
3!
+
x
5
5!
+ ... + (1)
n
x
2n+1
(2n + 1)!
+ o(x
2n+1
)
5. shx(sinhx) = x +
x
3
3!
+
x
5
5!
+ ... +
x
2n+1
(2n + 1)!
+ o(x
2n+1
)
6.
arctanx = x
x
3
3
+
x
5
5
+ ... + (1)
n
x
2n+1
(2n + 1)
+ o(x
2n+1
)
7. cosx = 1
x
2
2!
+
x
4
4!
+ ... + (1)
n
x
2n
(2n)!
+ o(x
2n+1
)
8. chx(coshx) = 1 +
x
2
2!
+
x
4
4!
+ ... +
x
2n
(2n)!
+ o(x
2n+1
)
Khai trin TAYLOR trong ln cn x
0
n cp n cc
hm s sau:
1. y = ln(2x + 1), x
0
=
1
2
2. y =
x, x
0
= 1
3. y =
x
2
+ 4x + 4
x
2
+ 10x + 25
, x
0
= 2
4. y = e
2x
2
+2x1
THC HIN KHAI TRIN MACLAURINT N CP n:
1. y = tanx, n = 3
2. y =
1 2x + x
3
1 3x + x
2
, n = 3
3. y =
1
x
2
+ 3x + 2
, n = 4
4. y = e
1+2x
, n = 2
5. y = sin(arctanx), n = 4
Tnh o hm cp n :f
(n)
(0)
1. y = e
x
2
, n = 6
2. y =
1
1 + x + x
2
, n = 32
3. y =
1
1 x
4
, n = 60
4. y = (x
2
+ 2x)cos(x
2
x)
Tm bc cc v cng b sau khi x 0
1. y = (1 + x
2
)sinx arctanx
2. y = ln(
1 + 2x ln(1 + x))
3. y = ln(1 + sinx) tanx
4. y = tanx xe
x
2
P DNG KHAI TRIN MACLAURINT TNH GII
HN HM S:
Dng thng gp tnh l I = lim
x0
f (x)
g(x)
vi dng v
nh
0
0
Khai trin Maclaurint c t v mu n bc b nht:
f (x) = ax
n
+ o(x
n
), g(x) = bx
m
+ o(x
m
) .
Xy ra cc trng hp sau:
1
Nu n = m TH I =
a
b
.
2
Nu n < m TH I = .
3
Nu n > m TH I = 0
TNH CC GII HN SAU:
lim
x0
1 + sin
2
x
1 sin
2
x
ln(1 + sinx) tanx
lim
x0
arctanx arcsinx
tanx sinx
lim
x0
e
x
2
+x
1 + 2x x
2
e
x
2
1
lim
x
_
x x
2
ln(x +
1
x
)
_
lim
x0
3
1 2x
2
xcotx
xsinx
lim
x0
(cosx)
cot
2
x
lim
x0
(x + 1)
x+1
x
ln(cosx)
lim
x0
1 + xcosx
1 + 2x
ln(1 + x) sinx
lim
x0
e
cosx
e
3
1 4x
2
(1/x)arcsin2x 2coshx
2
CHNG IV: KHO ST
HM S
CC TR HM S
1. TX.
2. Gii phng trnh y=0 + tm nhng im y
KHNG TN TI. Tp hp nhng im ny gi l IM

NG.
3. Lp BBT kho st cc tr: Sp cc IM NG trn
BBT v xt du y
(x
0
). Nu qua x
0
, y i du t + sang
- th ti hm t cc i. Ngc li, hm t cc tiu.
Qua x
0
y khng i du th hm khng c cc tr ti .
Hoc:
Xt du y
(x
0
). Nu y
(x
0
) > 0 hm t CT. Nu
y
(x
0
) < 0 hm t CT. Cc du cn li ca y
hm
khng t cc tr.
TIM CN
TM TIM CN HM S y = f (x)
TIM CN NG : x = a l TC nu lim
xa
=
TIM CN NGANG: y = b l TCN nu lim
x
y = b
TIM CN XIN: y = ax + b l TCX nu
_
_
_
a = lim
x
y
x
b = lim
x
(y ax)
TIM CN
xa
=
x
y = b
_
_
_
a = lim
x
y
x
b = lim
x
(y ax)
TIM CN
xa
=
x
y = b
_
_
_
a = lim
x
y
x
b = lim
x
(y ax)
Tnh li lm, im un
Tm im un
Gii nghim y hoc im y khng tn ti.
Xt du y qua cc im trn, nu qua x
0
, y i du
th l im un.
Tnh li lm
Hm y=f(x) li trn khong (a,b) nu trn , f(x)<0,
v ngc li, hm lm.
KHO ST TIM CN CC HM S SAU:
1. y = x +
4x
2
+ 1
2. y = (x + 3)e
1
x
3. y =
x
2
|x| + 4
4. y =
_
1 +
1
x
_
x
5. y = 1 xe
1
|x|
1
x
6. y = x
_
x
1
x
_
x
7. y = x
_
x
x + 4
8. y = 1 + xe
3
x
TM CC TR CC HM S SAU:
1. y =
5 x
2
4x 2. y =
1 + 3x
4 + x
2
3. y =
3
x
2
x 4. y = |x 5|(x 3)
3
TM GTLN-GTNN ca hm y = f (x) trn khong [a,b]:
y = x 2
x, x [0, 5]
y = |x
2
+ 2x 3|, x [1/2, 2]
KHO ST V V CC HM SAU
y = x +
3 x
y = e
1
x
_
x(x + 2)
y =
lnx
x
CHNG I: TCH PHN
BT NH
I. Phng php tnh v cc dng tch phn
i bin
Xt tp:
_
f (x)dx. t x = (u). Khi , tp tr thnh:
_
f (x)dx =
_
f ((u))
(u)du
Tng phn
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
I. Phng php tnh v cc dng tch phn
i bin
Xt tp:
_
f (x)dx. t x = (u). Khi , tp tr thnh:
_
f (x)dx =
_
f ((u))
(u)du
Tng phn
_
udv = uv
_
vdu
Tnh cc tp bt nh sau
1.
_
1
1 +
3
x + 1
dx
2.
_
dx
e
x
+ e
x
3.
_
arcsinx
x
2
dx
4.
_
dx
(x
2
+ 4)
2
II. Tch phn hu t
Xt tp hu t:
_
P(x)
Q(x)
dx, vi degP(x) < degQ(x) .
1. Phn tch mu thnh tch cc nhn t cha cc nh
thc v tam thc bc 2 v nghim.
2. Gi s ta c: Q(x) = (x a)(x b)
s
1
(ax
2
+ bx + c).
3. Khi :
P(x)
Q(x)
=
A
x a
+
B
1
x b
+ ... +
B
s
1
(x b)
s
1
+
Cx + D
ax
2
+ bx + c
4. Tnh
_
Cx + D
ax
2
+ bx + c
dx
II. Tch phn hu t
Xt tp hu t:
_
P(x)
Q(x)
dx, vi degP(x) < degQ(x) .
1. Phn tch mu thnh tch cc nhn t cha cc nh
thc v tam thc bc 2 v nghim.
2. Gi s ta c: Q(x) = (x a)(x b)
s
1
(ax
2
+ bx + c).
3. Khi :
P(x)
Q(x)
=
A
x a
+
B
1
x b
+ ... +
B
s
1
(x b)
s
1
+
Cx + D
ax
2
+ bx + c
4. Tnh
_
Cx + D
ax
2
+ bx + c
dx
Tnh
_
Cx + D
ax
2
+ bx + c
dx.
Phn tch:
Cx + D
ax
2
+ bx + c
=
C
2a

2ax + b
ax
2
+ bx + c
+
+(D
bC
2a
)
1
a
_
(x
b
2a
)
2
+
4ac b
2
4a
2
_
.
Khi , tch phn cn tnh l:
C
2a
ln(ax
2
+ bx + c) +
2Da bC
2a
2
1
K
arctan
x b/2a
K
. Vi K
2
=
4ac b
2
4a
2
Tnh cc tch phn hu t sau
1.
_
xdx
2x
2
x + 1
2.
_
dx
(x + 2)(4x
2
+ 8x + 7)
3.
_
4x
2
+ 4x 11
(2x 1)(2x + 3)
2
III. TCH PHN HM LNG GIC
_
R(sinx, cosx)dx
t t = tan
x
2
cho TH TQ.
Trng hp c bit
1
R(sinx, cosx) = R(sinx, cosx), t = cosx
2
R(sinx, cosx) = R(sinx, cosx), t = sinx
3
R(sinx, cosx) = R(sinx, cosx), t = tanx
III. TCH PHN HM LNG GIC
_
R(sinx, cosx)dx
t t = tan
x
2
cho TH TQ.
Trng hp c bit
1
R(sinx, cosx) = R(sinx, cosx), t = cosx
2
R(sinx, cosx) = R(sinx, cosx), t = sinx
3
R(sinx, cosx) = R(sinx, cosx), t = tanx
Dng c bit
_
A
1
sinx + B
1
cosx + C
1
Asinx + Bcosx + C
dx.
Tch:
A
1
sinx + B
1
cosx + C
1
=
(Asinx + Bcosx) + (Acosx Bsinx) +
Tnh cc TPLG sau
1.
_
cosxdx
sin
3
x + cos
3
x
2.
_
dx
sin
3
xcos
5
x
3.
_
dx
3 2sinx + cosx
4.
_
cosx 2sinx
cosx + sinx
dx
5.
_
tan
3
xdx
IV. Tch phn v t c bn
1.
_
dx
a
2
x
2
= arcsin
x
a
+ C
2.
_
dx
x
2
a
2
= ln|x +
x
2
a
2
| + C
3.
_
dx
x
2
+ a
2
= ln|x +
x
2
+ a
2
| + C
_
R(x,
_
ax + b
cx + d
_
p
1
q
1
,
_
ax + b
cx + d
_
p
2
q
2
)dx .
t
ax + b
cx + d
= t
s
vi s l BCNN ca q
1
, q
2
.
V d:
_
4
1
3
x
6
x
x(
6
x + 1)
dx
_

x 1 1
x + 1 + 1
_
x
3
x + 2
x +
3
x + 2
_
x
4
_
x
3
(4 x)
TP EULER
_
R(x,
ax
2
+ bx + c)dx
Phng php 1: Lng gic.
a R(x,
ax
2
+ bx + c) v mt trong 3 dng sau:
R(u,
u
2
A
2
). t u =
A
sint
hoc
u = Acht(Acosht)
R(u,
u
2
+ A
2
). t u = Atant
R(u,
A
2
u
2
). t u = Asint
Phng php 2: Euler tng qut.
1
t
ax
2
+ bx + c = x
a + t nu a > 0
2
ax
2
+ bx + c = xt +
c nu c > 0
3
ax
2
+ bx + c = (x x
1
)t nu x
1
l nghim ca tam
thc bc 2.
Tnh cc tch phn v t sau:
5
_
3/4
dx
2 + 3x 2x
2
1
_
0
dx
2x
2
+ 2x + 5
1
_
0
_
x
2
+ 2x + 5dx
_
(x + 2)dx
3x
2
+ 2x + 2
_
(x + 2)
_
2x
2
x + 1dx
2
_
1
e
2x
e
2x
+ e
x
Tch phn dng:
_
dx
(x x
0
)
ax
2
+ bx + c
.
t t =
1
x x
0
. V du:
_
(3x + 2)dx
(x + 1)
x
2
+ 3x + 3
_
dx
(x + 2)
3x
2
+ 5
_
dx
x
1 ln
2
x
CHNG VI. TCH PHN
SUY RNG
I. Tch phn suy rng loi 1
im k di
im x
0
c gi l im k d ca hm f(x) nu:
lim
xx
0
f (x) =
Tpsr loi 1
Tch phn
+
_
a
f (x)dx, trong , hm f(x) khng c im
k d gia [a, +] c gi l tpsr loi 1. nh ngha
tng t cho :
a
_
f (x)dx,
+
_
f (x)dx.
I. Tch phn suy rng loi 1
im k di
im x
0
c gi l im k d ca hm f(x) nu:
lim
xx
0
f (x) =
Tpsr loi 1
Tch phn
+
_
a
f (x)dx, trong , hm f(x) khng c im
k d gia [a, +] c gi l tpsr loi 1. nh ngha
tng t cho :
a
_
f (x)dx,
+
_
f (x)dx.
Cng thc tnh
+
_
a
f (x)dx = F(x)|
+
a
= F(+) F(a).
Tp c gi l hi t nu gi tr ca n hu hn, ngc
li tp phn k.
Tiu chun so snh
Xt hai tch phn sr loi 1: I=
+
_
a
f (x)dx, J=
+
_
a
g(x)dx,
trong f (x), g(x) 0, x [x
0
, +), x
0
a. Xt:
k = lim
x+
f (x)
g(x)
.
Nu k hu hn th I,J cng bn cht(THB k=1,
I J)
k=0, ch kt lun c I nu J hi t, khi I hi t.
k=+, ch kt lun c I nu J phn k, khi I
phn k.
Ch
1.
+
_
a>0
dx
x
hi t khi > 1.
2.
+
_
a
dx
x
ln
x
hi t khi > 1 hoc = 1, > 1

Bài tập giải tích

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Bài tập giải tích

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GII TCH 1

= 0(a > 1).

= 0(a > 1).

Cc tng ng thc c bn khi x 0

KHNG TN TI. Tp hp nhng im ny gi l IM

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