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1. Identify three key steps (innovations) in the development of microchip technology.

In each case explain how the


innovation has transformed peoples work, life and/or leisure.

Three key steps (innovations) in the development of microchip technology
Research
Development
Manufacture


The Silicon Innovation
The Transistor Innovation
The Nano Innovation

How the innovations have transformed peoples work, life, leisure? Examples
Research: Improving a microprocessor to run computer programs at the same time (Ideas).
Develop: Less energy consumption.
Manufacturing: design a particular chip to do that, they work with customers, software companies, Intels
marketing manufacturing, testing staff.





2. What is meant by a) market-led and b) product-led new product development? Give two examples to show how
Intel has combined market-led and product-led approaches.


Product-orientated development focuses on developing the production process and the product itself
arising (new use of technology or innovation).
Market-orientated approach identifies and analyses customer needs. It then develops products which meet
them


3. Show how research and development has enabled Intel to develop a new product that is aimed at a specific
group of users.
They provide chips for many different segments
They identify their segments by products Ex. notebooks, desktops, servers, etc.
2 main groups of customers : -
- Business market Example: desktop computers or laptops for companies
- Personal use Example: notebook computers for students
They reached that by:
- Research - Research into manufacturing capabilities and material.
- More broad research focused on what technology can offer.


4. Why is it so important for businesses like Intel to invest in R&D? Explain with examples how R&D has enabled
Intel to gain competitive advantage.


IT field requires R&D
Intel is a company that produces the chips that deliver this increased computing power.
There are many competitors that produce chip in the market
With R&D, Intel can make many revolutionary products.
Examples:
7 main competitors of Intel include IBM, Toshiba, AMD, Samsung, Chartered, Infineon and Freescale, cooperate
together to produce the chip in the 32 nanometer.
With Intel, Intel invests a lot in R&D so it can overcome competitors to produce chip in 45 nanometers transistor.
The first company in the market that can produce silicon chip.

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