1

SEISMIC
LATERAL FORCES COMPUTATION
STATIC LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE
BASED ON NSCP
2001/2010
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this lecture,
students will be able to
Describe the seismic coefficients for
base shear computation
Compute the base shear based on
the NSCP 2001/2010
Compute the static seismic lateral
forces vertically and horizontally on a
multi-story building
2
Governing Concepts in Earthquake Resistant Governing Concepts in Earthquake Resistant
Design Design
Resist minor earthquake without damage
Resist moderate earthquake without structural
damage, but possibly experience some non-
structural damage
Resist major earthquake without collapse, but
possibly with some structural as well as
nonstructural damage.
To become earthquake resistant, the structure To become earthquake resistant, the structure
must possess : must possess :
Strength - the structure must have the ability to
carry or resist the earthquake forces without
failure
Ductility - the structure must have the ability to
deform past the elastic range without failure to
dissipate the energy induced by the earthquake.
3
Basis for Seismic Design
Seismic zoning
Site characteristics
Occupancy
Configuration
Structural system
Height Limits
Effect of Earthquake on a Structure Effect of Earthquake on a Structure
Earthquake causes ground motion
Structures accelerate during ground motion
Acceleration causes inertial force
Inertial force is proportional to the mass
(F=ma)
F = ma
a V
F = ma
V = F
V = ma
V = (a/g) W
V = (Seimic Coefficients) W
4
Static Lateral Force Procedure: Design
Base Shear
1992 NSCP
Cv Cv I I
V = V = W W
R T R T
Note: Cv / T <=> Z C
Note also that the 2001 NSCP specifies lower values
of R.
Z I C Z I C
V = V = W W
R R
2001/2010 NSCP
SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATION
5
Design Base Shear
V= Cv I W Eq. 208-4
RT
Where:
V = is the total design seismic force
Cv = Seismic coefficient in Table 208-8
I = Importance factor in Table 208-1
W = Total dead load per Sect. 208.5.1.1
R = Numerical coefficient in Table 208-11
T = Fundamental period of vibration
Design Base Shear (Contn.)
Base Shear need not exceed the ff:
V= 2.5 Ca I W Eq. 208-5
R
Where:
Ca = Seismic Coefficient in Table 208-7
I, W, & R = as previously defined
6
Design Base Shear ( Contn.)
Base Shear shall not be < the ff:
V= 0.11 Ca I W Eq. 208-6
In Zone 4, Base Shear shall not be < the ff:
V= 0.8 Z Nv I W Eq. 208-7
R
Where:
Z = Seismic Zone Factor in Table 208-3
Nv = Near Source Factor in Table 208-5
Seismic Parameters
Na = Near source Factor,
from Table 208-4
Nv = Near source Factor,
from Table 208-5
Ca = Seismic Coefficient from
Table 208-7
Cv = Seismic Coefficient from
Table 208-8
7
Seismic Parameters
Table 208-1 - Seismic Importance Factors
Occupancy
Category
1
Seismic
Importance
Factor, I
Seismic
Importance
2
Factor, I
p
I. Essential
Facilities
3 1.50 1.50
II. Hazardous
Facilities
1.25 1.50
III. Special
Occupancy
Structures
4
1.00 1.00
IV.Standard
Occupancy
Structures
4
1.00 1.00
V.Miscellaneous
structures
1.00 1.00
Seismic Parameters
Table 208-3 Seismic Zone Factor Z
ZONE 2 4
Z 0.20 0.40
8
Seismic Parameters
Table 208-6 - Seismic Source Types
1
Seismic Source Definition Seismic
Source
Type
Seismic Source Description Maximum Moment
Magnitude, M
A
Faults that are capable of
producing large magnitude events
and that have a high rate of seismic
activity
M 7.0
B
All faults other than Types A and
C
6.5 = M < 7.0
C
Faults that are not capable of
producing large magnitude
earthquakes and that have a
relatively low rate of seismic
activity
M < 6.5
1
Subduction sources shall be evaluated on a site-specific basis.
Seismic Parameters
Table 208-4 Near-Source Factor N
a
1
Closest Distance To
Known Seismic
Source
2
Seismic
Source
Type 5
km
10 km
A 1.2 1.0
B 1.0 1.0
C 1.0 1.0
9
Seismic Parameters
Table 208-5 Near-Source Factor, N
V
1
Closest Distance To
Known Seismic Source
2

Seismic
Source
Type 5 km 10 km 15 km
A 1.6 1.2 1.0
B 1.2 1.0 1.0
C 1.0 1.0 1.0
Table 208-2 - Soil Profile Types
Average Soil Properties For Top 30 m Of
Soil Profile
Soil Profile
Type
Soil Profile
Name/ Generic
Description
Shear
Wave
Velocity,
V
s
(m/s)
SPT, N
(blows /
300 mm)
Undrained Shear
Strength, (kPa)
S
A
Hard Rock > 1,500
S
B
Rock
760 to
1,500
S
C
Very Dense Soil ad
Soft Rock
360 to 760 > 50 > 100
S
D
Stiff Soil Profile 180 to 360 15 to 50 50 to 100
S
E
1
Soft Soil Profile < 180 < 15 < 50
S
F
Soil Requiring Site-specific Evaluation.
See Section 208.4.3.1
1
Soil Profile Type S
E
also includes any soil profile with more than 3.0 meters of
soft clay defined as a soil with plasticity index, Pl>20, w
mc
40 percent and s
u
<
24 kPa. The Plasticity Index, PI, and the moisture content, w
mc
, shall be
determined in accordance with approved national standards.
Seismic Parameters
10
Seismic Parameters
Table 208-7 - Seismic Coefficient, Ca
Soil
Profile
type
Seismic Zone Factor, Z
Z =
0.2
Z = 0.4
S
A
0.16 0.32N
a
S
B
0.20 0.40N
a
S
C
0.24 0.40N
a
S
D
0.28 0.44N
a
S
E
0.34 0.36N
a
S
F
See Footnote 1 of Table
208-8
Seismic Parameters
Table 208-8 - Seismic Coefficient, C
v
Seismic Zone Factor, Z Soil
Profile
type
Z = 0.2 Z = 0.4
S
A
0.16 0.32N
V
S
B
0.20 0.40N
V
S
C
0.32 0.56N
V
S
D
0.40 0.64N
V
S
E
0.64 0.96N
V
S
F
See Footnote 1
1 Site-specific geotechnical investigation and dynamic
site response analysis shall be performed to
determine seismic coefficients.
11
Seismic Parameters
Table 208-11 Structural Systems
1
Basic
Structural
System
2
Lateral-Force-Resisting
System Description
R

Height Limit for

Zones 4 (m)
1.Special Moment-Resisting Frame
(SMRF)
a. Steel 8.5 2.8 N.L.
b.Concrete
4
8.5 2.8 N.L.
3.Moment-
Resisting
2. Masonry Moment-Resisting Wall
Frame (MMRWF)
6.5 2.8 50
Frame
Systems
3. Concrete Intermediate Moment-
Resisting Frame (IMRF)
5
5.5 2.8 --
4. Ordinary Moment-Resisting Frame
(OMRF)
a. Steel
6
4.5 2.8 50
b.Concrete
7
3.5 2.8 --
5. Special Truss Moment Frames of
Steel (STMF)
6.5 2.8 75
Fundamental Period of
Vibration of the Structure, T
T= Ct (hn)
3/4
Ct = 0.0853 for Steel Moment Resisting Frame
Ct = 0.0731 for RC Moment Resisting Frame
Ct = 0.0488 for all other buildings
hn = height of structure above base
12
General Procedure Static lateral force
procedure 208.4.8.2
1. Seismic Dead Load
Computation: WV
2. Base Shear Computation
V
R
IW ZN
V
IW C V
R
IW C
V
RT
IW C
V
v
a
a
v
8 . 0
11 . 0
5 . 2

=
3. Vertical Distribution of Forces
General Procedure Static lateral force
procedure 208.4.8.2

=
=
+ =

=
=
> =
n
i
i t
n
i
i i
x x t
x
t
t
F F V
h w
h w F V
F
s T F
s T TV F
1
1
) (
7 . 0 if 0 . 0
7 . 0 if 07 . 0
i=3
i=2
i=1
h
x
w
i
w
x
w
n
F
x
F
i
F
n
F
t
V
h
n
h
i
13
4. Story Shear (Vx) and Overturning Moment (Mx)
General Procedure Static lateral force
procedure 208.4.8.2
M
x
h
x
F
x
F
i
F
n
F
t
V
x
h
n
h
i
) ( ) (
x i
n
x i
i x n t x
n
x i
i t x
h h F h h F M
F F V
+ =
+ =

=
=
Sample Problem
Calculate the seismic design loads for a three-
story reinforced concrete frame building under the
requirements of NSCP 2001 edition. The proposed
building would be used as an office and
approximately located 5Km away from Valley Fault
System (See Figure 208-2B of NSCP 2001).
14
Sample Problem (Contn.)
Design Criteria
A typical floor plan, roof plan and elevation of the
building are shown below. The columns, beams and
slabs have constant cross sections throughout the
height of the building. Though the uniformity and
symmetry used in this example have been adapted
primarily for simplicity, the structure itself is a
hypothetical one, and has been chosen mainly for
illustrative purposes. Other pertinent design data are
as follows:
Sample Problem (Contn.)
Material Properties:
Concrete fc' = 28MPa (4ksi)
Concrete weight, wc = 24 kN/m^3
Concrete CHB weight, 150mm thick solid
grouted = 2.62 KN/m^2 ( vertical surface)
Rebar fy = 413 MPa
15
Sample Problem (Contn.)
Member sizes:
Column C1 =0.40mx0.60m
Column C2 =0.40mx0.40m
Beam sizes =0.40m wide x 0.60m deep
Slab Thickness =0.15 m
Sample Problem (Contn.)
Other Superimposed Dead Load:
Concrete Toppings at Roof = 0.075m
Concrete Toppings at Typ.Flr. = 0.05m
Interior Partition at Typ. Flr. = 1.00 kN/m^2
Assume 1.5m high parapet RC wall along the
perimeter of the roof level.
Assume the perimeter of the typical floor is
covered with 150mm thk. CHB wall
solid grouted (2.62 kN/m^2)
16
Sample Problem (Contn.)
Seismic Parameters:
Importance factor, I = 1.00 (Assumed
Occupancy Category IV,
See Section 103)
Seismic Zone factor, Z = 0.40 (Zone 4, see Section
208.4.4.1)
Soil Profile Types = S
D
(see Section
208.4.3.1)
Seismic Source Type = A (See Fig. 208-2B,
Valley Fault System is
Type A)
Typical Floor Plan
C1 C1 C1
C1 C1 C1
C2 C2
C2
1 2 3
C
B
A
10 m 8 m
6 m
6 m
.4x.6 typ.
C1 = 0.4x0.6
C2 = 0.4x0.4
Typ. Beam Size (incl. intermediate beams) = 0.4x0.6
17
Frame Elevation Along Grids A, B & C
10 m 8 m
1 2 3
3.5 m
3.5 m
3.5 m
Base
Frame Elevation Along Grids 1, 2 & 3
6 m 6 m
A B C
3.5 m
3.5 m
3.5 m
Base
18
Step 1:Compute the Mass
At Roof Level:
Slab weight= 0.15 x24 = 3.60kPa
Topping wt = 0.075x24 = 1.80kPa
Parapet wt.= 0.15x1.5x60x24 = 1.50kPa
(12x18)
Beam wt.= 0.40x0.60x126x24 = 3.36kPa
(12x18)
Col. wt.1= .4x.6x3.5/2(6)(24) = 0.28kPa
(12x18)
Col. Wt.2= .4x.4x3.5/2(3)(24) =0.09kPa
(12x18)
Mass Computation at Roof Level
Total Unit Load at Roof Level:
= 3.60 + 1.80 + 1.50 + 3.36 + 0.28 + 0.09
= 10.63 kPa
Total weight at Roof Level:
= 10.63 x 12 x 18 = 2296 kN
19
Step 1:Compute the Mass
At Typ Floor:
Slab weight= 0.15 x24 = 3.60kPa
Topping wt = 0.05x24 = 1.20kPa
Peri.Wall wt.=3.5x60x2.62 =2.54kPa
(12x18)
Beam wt.= Same as in Roof = 3.36kPa
Interior Partition = 1.00kPa
Col. wt.1= .4x.6x3.5(6)(24) = 0.56kPa
(12x18)
Col. Wt.2= .4x.4x3.5(3)(24) =0.18kPa
(12x18)
Mass Computation at Typ.Floor
Total Unit Load at Typ Floor:
= 3.60 + 1.20 + 2.54 + 3.36 + 0.56 + 0.18
= 11.45 kPa
Total weight at Typ.Floor:
= 1145 x 12 x 18 = 2473 kN
20
Step 2: Calculate Total Mass of the
Building
Wt. of Roof level = 2296kN
Wt. of 3rd Floor = 2473kN
Wt. of 2nd Floor = 2473kN
Total Mass = 7242 kN
Step 3: Calculate Total Base Shear
V= Cv I W
RT
Base Shear need not exceed the ff:
V= 2.5 Ca I W
R
Base Shear shall not be < the ff:
V= 0.11 Ca I W
In Zone 4, Base Shear shall not be < the ff:
V= 0.8 Z Nv I W
R
21
Fundamental Period of
Vibration of the Structure, T
T= Ct (hn)
3/4
Ct = 0.0731 for RC Moment Resisting Frame
hn = 10.50 m , height of structure above base
T = 0.0731(10.5)
3/4
= 0.43 sec.
Seismic Parameters
Na = 1.2 Near source Factor,
from Table 208-4, for Seismic
Source Type A and distance of
5km from Fault Line.
Nv = 1.6 Near source Factor,
from Table 208-5, for Seismic
Source Type A and distance of
5km from Fault Line.
22
Seismic Parameters
Ca = 0.44Na Seismic Coefficient from
Table 208-7, for Soil profile
type S
D
and Seismic Zone 4
Ca = 0.44(1.2) = 0.53
Cv = 0.64Nv Seismic Coefficient from
Table 208-8, for Soil profile
type S
D
and Seismic Zone 4
Cv = 0.64(1.6) = 1.02
Seismic Parameters
R = 8.5 Numerical coefficient
representative of the global
ductility capacity of structural
system from Table 208-11
I = 1.00 Seismic Importance Factor from
Table 208-1
23
Total Base Shear
V= Cv I W = 1.02(1)(7242) = 2021 kN
RT 8.5(.43)
Base Shear need not exceed the ff:
V= 2.5 Ca I W = 2.5(.53)(1)(7242) = 1129 kN
R 8.5
Base Shear shall not be < the ff:
V= 0.11 Ca I W = 0.11(.53)(1)(7242) = 422 kN
In Zone 4, Base Shear shall not be < the ff:
V= 0.8 Z Nv I W = .8(.4)(1.6)(1)(7242) = 436kN
R 8.5
Step 4: Vertical Distribution
V = Ft + Fi NSCP 2001 Eq. 208-13
Ft = 0.07 T V NSCP 2001 Eq.208-14
Ft = 0 for T 0.7 sec
Fx = (V-Ft)wxhx NSCP 2001 Eq 208-15
wihi
V = 1129 kN
T = 0.43 sec.
24
Step 4: Vertical Distribution
Fx = (1129-0)(24108) = 543 kN at Roof level
50075
Fx = (1129-0)(17311) = 391 kN at 3rd flr.
50075
Fx = (1129-0)(8656) = 195 kN at 2nd flr.
50075
Step 4: Vertical Distribution
Levels Storey
Ht.
hx wx wxhx Wxhx
wihi
Fx
Roof 3.5 10.5 2296 24108 .481 543
3
rd
3.5 7.0 2473 17311 .346 391
2
nd
3.5 3.5 2473 8656 .173 195
Base
= 7242 50075 1.00 1129
25
Step 5: Horizontal Distribution
Lateral force will be distributed horizontally
in direct proportion to the relative rigidities
of the resisting elements. Rigidity of an
element is the force required to deflect one
end of an element a unit distance relative
to the other end. Rigidity is therefore
inversely proportional to deflection.
Relative rigidity is defined as the ratio of
the rigidity of an element to the total
rigidities of all the elements within a floor to
floor distance.
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
=
f
+
v
= Ph
3
+ 1.2Ph
12E
c
I GA
Displacement for vertical members with both ends fixed
Where:
= total displacement

f
= displacement due to bending

v
= displacement due to shear
P = Lateral force on pier or column
h = height of pier or column
I = moment of inertia of pier in direction of bending
Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete
G = shear modulus
26
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
For fc = 28mPa
Ec = 24.84 x 10
6
kN/m^2
G = 9.92 x 10
6
kN/m^2
P = 1000 kN (assumed)
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Deflections & Stiffness Along X-Direction
Frame Col.
b x d
(m)
Heigh
t
h
(m)
Are
a
A
m
2
I
m
4

f
=
Ph
3
12E
c
I

v =

1.2Ph
GA
Total
Stiffness
k
i
=1/
A A1 .4x.6 3.5 0.24 .0072 .0200 .0018 .0218 45.87
A2 .4x.6 3.5 0.24 .0072 .0200 .0018 .0218 45.87
A3 .4x.6 3.5 0.24 .0072 .0200 .0018 .0218 45.87
=137.6
27
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Deflections & Stiffness Along X-Direction
Frame Col.
b x d
(m)
Heigh
t
h
(m)
Area
A
m
2
I
m
4

f
=
Ph
3
12E
c
I

v =

1.2Ph
GA
Total
Stiffness
k
i
=1/
B B1 .4x.4 3.5 0.16 .00213 0.0675 .0026 .0701 14.27
B2 .4x.4 3.5 0.16 .00213 0.0675 .0026 .0701 14.27
B3 .4x.4 3.5 0.16 .00213 0.0675 .0026 .0701 14.27
=42.81
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Deflections & Stiffness Along X-Direction
Frame Col.
b x d
(m)
Heigh
t
h
(m)
Are
a
A
m
2
I
m
4

f
=
Ph
3
12E
c
I

v =

1.2Ph
GA
Total
Stiffness
k
i
=1/
C C1 .4x.6 3.5 0.24 .0072 .0200 .0018 .0218 45.87
C2 .4x.6 3.5 0.24 .0072 .0200 .0018 .0218 45.87
C3 .4x.6 3.5 0.24 .0072 .0200 .0018 .0218 45.87
=137.6
28
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Deflections & Stiffness Along Y-Axis
Frame Col.
b x d
(m)
Heigh
t
h
(m)
Are
a
A
m
2
I
m
4

f
=
Ph
3
12E
c
I

v =

1.2Ph
GA
Total
Stiffness
k
i
=1/
1 1A .6x.4 3.5 0.24 .0032 0.0450 .0018 .0468 21.37
1B .4x.4 3.5 0.16 .00213 0.0675 .0026 .0701 14.27
1C .6x.4 3.5 0.24 .0032 0.0450 .0018 .0468 21.37
=57.01
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Deflection & Stiffness Along Y-Axis
Frame Col.
b x d
(m)
Heigh
t
h
(m)
Are
a
A
m
2
I
m
4

f
=
Ph
3
12E
c
I

v =

1.2Ph
GA
Total
Stiffness
k
i
=1/
2 2A .6x.4 3.5 0.24 .0032 0.0450 .0018 .0468 21.37
2B .4x.4 3.5 0.16 .00213 0.0675 .0026 .0701 14.27
2C .6x.4 3.5 0.24 .0032 0.0450 .0018 .0468 21.37
=57.01
29
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Deflections & Stiffness Along Y-Axis
Frame Col.
b x d
(m)
Heigh
t
h
(m)
Are
a
A
m
2
I
m
4

f
=
Ph
3
12E
c
I

v =

1.2Ph
GA
Total
Stiffness
k
i
=1/
3 3A .6x.4 3.5 0.24 .0032 0.0450 .0018 .0468 21.37
3B .4x.4 3.5 0.16 .00213 0.0675 .0026 .0701 14.27
3C .6x.4 3.5 0.24 .0032 0.0450 .0018 .0468 21.37
=57.01
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Center of Mass
Center of mass Xm and Ym can be calculated by
taking statistical moment about a chosen location
Xm = m x
m
Ym = m y
m
30
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Center of Mass
The center of mass, by inspection:
Xm = 9 m from grid 1
ym = 6 m from grid C
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Center of Rigidity
Center of rigidity Xr and Yr can be calculated by
taking statistical moment about a chosen location
Xr = ky x
ky
Yr = kx y
kx
31
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Center of Rigidity
Center of rigidity Yr and Xr;
Yr = (137.6x12)+(42.81x6)+(137.6x0)
(137.6+42.81+137.6)
= 6 m from grid C
Xr = (57.01x0)+57.01x10)+(57.01x18)
(57.01x3)
= 9.33 m from grid 1
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Calculation of eccentricity ex & ey:
ex = (Xr-Xm) + 5% (18m)
= (9.33 - 9) + 0.05(18) = 1.23 m
ey = (Yr-Ym) + 5% (12m)
= (6-6) + .05(12) = 0.60 m
32
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Calculation of force Px at Roof level:
P
x
= (k
x
) (F
x
) + (k
x
d
y
) (M
t
)
k
x
J
r
M
t
= F
x
(e
y
) Torsional Moment
J
r
= (k
x
d
y
2
+ k
y
d
x
2
) Rotational Stiffness
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Calculation of force Px at Roof level:
M
t
= F
x
(e
y
) Torsional Moment
= 543(0.6) = 325.8 kN-m
J
r
= (k
x
d
y
2
+ k
y
d
x
2
) Rotational Stiffness
= (137.61x 6
2
+ 42.81x 0
2
+ 137.61x 6
2
+
57.01x 9.33
2
+ 57.01x 0.67
2
+ 57.01x 8.67
2
)
= 19181.55 kN-m
33
Horizontal Distribution (Contn.)
Calculation of force Px Along Grid A:
P
roof
= (137.61) (543) + ( 137.61x6)(543x0.6)
318.03 (19181.55)
= 248.98 kN
P
3rd
= (137.61) (391) + (137.61x 6) (391 x 0.6)
318.03 (19181.55)
= 179.28 kN
P
2nd
= (137.61) (195) + ( 137.61x6)195x0.6)
318.03 (19181.55)
= 89.41 kN
Horizontal Dist. Along X Direction
Fr
am
e
Stiffnes
s
k
i

Relat
.Stiff.
k
i

k
i

Direc
t
Force

d
(m)

d
2


k
i
d
2


k
i
d
2
k
i
d
2



Torsion
Force

Direct
+
Torsion
A 137.61 0.433 0.433 6 36 4953.9 0.258 0.0258 0.4588
B 42.81 0.135 0.135 0 0 0 0 0 0.135
C 137.61 0.433 0.433 6 36 4953.9 0.258 -.0258 0.433
k
i



=318.03
1.00 1.00
1 57.01 0.333 - 9.33 87.05 4962.7 0.259 0.0167 0.0167
2 57.01 0.333 - 0.67 0.45 25.65 0.0013 -0.0012 -
3 57.01 0.333 - 8.67 75.17 4285.4 0.2234 -0.0155 -
k
i



=171.03
1.00 19181.
73


34
ASEP
Direct and Torsional Shear
Assume F
x
= 1
Direct Shear Coefficient
V
Dx
= (k
x
d
y
) (F
x
) = (k
x
d
y
) (1 )
k
x
k
x
M
t
= F
x
(e
y
) = 1 (e
y
)
Torsional Shear Coefficient
V
Tx
= (k
x
d
y
) (M
t
) = 1 (k
x
d
y
2
) (1)( e
y
)
J
r
d
y
J
r
J
r
= (k
x
d
y
2
+ k
y
d
x
2
)
Seismic Forces Along Grids A
10 m 8 m
1 2 3
195x.4588=
89.47
Base
2nd/F
3rd/F
Roof
543x.4588=
249.13
391x.4588=
179.39
35
Seismic Forces Along Grids B
10 m 8 m
1 2 3
Base
2nd/F
3rd/F
Roof
543x.135=
73.31
391x.135=
52.79
195x.135=
26.33
Seismic Forces Along Grids C
10 m 8 m
1 2 3
391x.433=
169.3
Base
2nd/F
3rd/F
Roof
543x.433=
235.12
195x.433=
84.43
36
Horizontal Dist. along Y Direction
Apply the forces along the Y-direction
Consider the eccentricity e
x
in computing the
torsional moment
Repeat the same procedure
Determine the lateral forces for frames 1, 2 and 3