1.

S hu cch trong ting Anh (Possessive case)

Hi iGIS-ers!
Cc bn thn mn! Chng ta tng bit ti Tnh t s hu (possessive adjectives) ch
vt g thuc quyn s hu ca ai . Vy ngoi Tnh t s hu ra, trong ting Anh liu c
cn cch din t s s hu no khc khng nh? Cu tr li l C y cc bn ! Hm nay,
Trung tm Anh Ng iGIS s gii thiu mt cch khc ch s s hu l S hu cch
trong ting Anh (Possessive case)

Trc tin, chng ta hy c xem S hu cch trong ting Anh l g trc khi i vo tm
hiu cch hnh thnh dng S hu cch nh!
S hu cch (possessive case) l mt hnh thc ch quyn s hu ca mt ngi i vi mt
ngi hay mt vt khc. Quyn s hu trong trng hp ny c hiu vi ngha rt
rng ri. Khi ni cha ca John khng c ngha l John s hu cha ca anh y. Cng vy,
ci cht ca Shakespear khng h c ngha l Shakespeare s hu ci cht.
Do , S hu cch ch c hnh thnh khi s hu ch (possessor) l mt danh t ch ngi.
Mt i khi ngi ta cng dng S hu cch cho nhng con vt thn cn hay yu mn.
Trong ting Anh, ch of c ngha l ca. Nhng ni chng hn Quyn sch ca thy gio
ngi ta khng ni the book of the teacher, m vit theo cc nguyn tc sau:
1. Thm s vo sau S hu ch khi l mt danh t s t. Danh t theo sau s khng c
mo t:
The book of the teacher - The teachers book
The room of the boy - The boys room (Cn phng ca cu b)
2. i vi mt s tn ring, nht l cc tn ring c in, ta ch thm (apostrophe):
Moses laws, Hercules labors
3. Vi nhng danh t s nhiu tn cng bng S, ta ch thm .
The room of the boys The boys room.
4. Vi nhng danh t s nhiu khng tn cng bng S, ta thm s nh vi trng hp
danh t s t.
The room of the men - The mens room
5. Khi s hu ch gm c nhiu t:
a) Ch thnh lp s hu cch danh t sau cht khi s hu vt thuc v tt c cc s
hu ch y.
The father of Daisy and Peter Daisy and Peters father
(Daisy v Peter l anh ch em)
b) Tt c cc t u c hnh thc s hu cch khi mi s hu ch c quyn s hu trn
ngi hay vt khc nhau.
Daisys and Peters fathers
(Cha ca Daisy v cha ca Peter)
6. Ngi ta c th dng S hu cch cho nhng danh t ch s o lng, thi gian,
khong cch hay s lng.
a weeks holiday, an hours time, yesterdays news, a stones throw, a pounds worth.
7. Trong mt s thnh ng:
at his wits end; out of harms way; to your hearts content; in my minds eye; to get ones
moneys worth.
8. S hu cch kp (double possessive) l hnh thc s hu cch i km vi cu trc of.
He is a friend of Henrys.
(Anh ta l mt ngi bn ca Henry)
S hu cch kp c bit quan trng phn bit ngha nh trong hai cm t sau
y:
A portrait of Rembrandt - Someone portrayed him
Bc chn dung ca Rembrandt (do ai v)
A portrait of Rembrandts Someone was painted by him
Mt tc phm chn dung ca Rembrandt (bc chn dung ai do Rembrandt v)
S hu cch kp cng gip phn bit hai tnh trng sau:
A friend of Henrys
Mt ngi bn ca Henry (C th l anh ta ch c mt ngi bn)
One of Henrys friends
Mt trong nhng ngi bn ca Henry (C th anh ta c nhiu bn)
Trong khi vi Ting Vit, din t s s hu, chng ta ch dng t Ca thi th trong
ting Anh, li phc tp hn nhiu ng khng cc bn? Chng ta hy cng c v nghin cu
tht k phn s hu cch trong ting Anh ny sau ny s khng bao gi nhm ln g v
cc dng s hu trong Ting Anh na nh!
2. Cc dng thc ca ng t: V-ING, TO V
Cho mng cc bn n vi chuyn mc NG PHP TOEIC ngy hm nay ca Trung tm
hc ting Anh ti H Ni iGIS. Tht vui v vinh d khi mi ngy qua i, iGIS li c ng
hnh cng cc bn trn chng ng y th thch mang tn TOEIC. Nhng d chng ng
kh y gian nan bao nhiu i chng na, iGIS cng lun nhn thy rng cc bn hc vin
ang n lc ht mnh t c thnh cng cui chng ng . Vy hy lun gi ngn
la trong mnh, v cng iGIS khm ph nhng chn tri tri thc mi cc bn nh!

Trong chuyn ngy hm nay, cc bn s c tm hiu mt phn ng php rt quan trng
trong qu trnh luyn thi TOEIC. Trung tm Anh Ng iGIS thy rng, mt trong nhng cu
hi m cc bn hc ting Anh thc mc nhiu nht l cc dng thc ca ng t, lm
sao chia ng t chnh xc khi lm bi tp ting Anh?. Khi no th dng V-infinitive, khi
no th dng V-ing? Vy ngay by gi iGIS s cung cp cho cc bn cc cu trc cu thng
dng nht ca V-ing v To V. Hy vng cc bn s khng cn gp kh khn g vi hai dng
ng t ny na. Chng ta cng bt u no!
GERUND (V-ING) TO-INFINITIVE
1. Cch s dng
L ch ng ca cu: dancing bored him.
B ng ca ng t: her hobby is painting.
L b ng: Seeing is believing.
Sau gii t: He was accused of smuggling.
Sau mt vi ng t: avoid, mind, enjoy,...
2. Mt s cch dng c bit
+ Nhng ng t sau c theo sau bi V-
ing: admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse,
consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive,
keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist,
risk, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon,
try, fancy.
Ex: - He admitted taking the money.
- Would you consider selling the
property? - He kept complaining. - He
didn't want to risk getting wet.
+ Verbs + prepositions: apologize for,
accuse of, insist on, feel like, congratulate
on, suspect of, look forward to, dream of,
succeed in, object to, approve/disapprove
of...
+ Gerund cng theo sau nhng cm t
nh:
- It's no use / It's no good...
- There's no point ( in)...
- It's ( not) worth ...
- Have difficult ( in) ...
- It's a waste of time/ money ...
Cch dng To-infinitive:
1. Verb + to V Nhng ng t sau c
theo sau trc tip bi to-infinitive: agree,
appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide,
determine, fail, endeavour, happen, hope,
learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise,
prove, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, try,
volunteer, expect, want,... Ex:
- She agreed to pay $50.
- Two men failed to return from the
expedition.
- The remnants refused to leave.
- She volunteered to help the disabled.
- He learnt to look after himself.
2. Verb + how/ what/ when/ where/ which/
why + to V Nhng ng t s dng cng
thc ny l: ask, decide, discover, find out,
forget, know, learn, remember, see, show,
think, understand, want to know, wonder...
Ex:
- He discovered how to open the safe.
- I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
- She couldn't think what to say.
- I showed her which button to press.
3. Verb + Object + to V Nhng ng t theo
cng thc ny l: advise, allow, enable,
encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct,
invite, order, permit, persuade, request,
remind, train, urge, want, tempt...
Ex:
- These glasses will enable you to see in
GERUND (V-ING) TO-INFINITIVE
- Spend/ waste time/money ...
- Be/ get used to ...
- Be/ get accustomed to ...
- Do/ Would you mind ... ?
- be busy doing something
- What about ... ? How about ...?
- Go + V-ing ( go shopping, go swimming...
)
the dark.
- She encouraged me to try again.
- They forbade her to leave the house.
- They persuaded us to go with them.
* Note: Mt s ng t c th i cng vi c ng t nguyn th v V-ing, chng ta hy cng
so snh s khc nhau v dng thc ca ng t v ngha gia chng nh.
Stop V-ing: dng lm g (dng hn)
Stop to V: dng li lm vic g
Ex:
- Stop smoking: dng ht thuc.
- Stop to smoke: dng li ht thuc
Remember/forget/regret to V: nh/qun/tic s phi lm g ( hin ti tng lai)
Remember/forget/regret V-ing: nh/qun/tic lm g ( qu kh)
Ex:
- Remember to send this letter (hy nh gi bc th ny)
- Dont forget to buy flowers (ng qun mua hoa nh)
- I regret to inform you that the train was cancelled (ti rt tic phi bo tin cho anh rng
chuyn tu b hy)
- I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2. (ti nh tr c y 2
la ri)
- She will never forget meeting the Queen. (c y khng bao gi qun ln gp n hong)
- He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life. (Anh y hi tic v
b hc qu sm)
Try to V: c gng lm g
Try V-ing: th lm g
Ex:
- I try to pass the exam. (ti c gng vt qua k thi)
- You should try unlocking the door with this key. (bn nn th m ca vi chic kha ny)
Like V-ing: Thch lm g v n th v, hay, cun ht, lm thng thc.
Like to do: lm vic v n l tt v cn thit
Ex:
- I like watching TV.
- I want to have this job. I like to learn English.
Prefer V-ing to V-ing
Prefer + to V + rather than (V)
Ex:
- I prefer driving to traveling by train.
- I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
Mean to V: C nh lm g.
Mean V-ing: C ngha l g.
Ex:
- He doesnt mean to prevent you from doing that. (Anh y khng c ngn cn bn lm
vic .)
- This sign means not going into. (Bin bo ny c ngha l khng c i vo trong.)
Need to V: cn lm g
Need V-ing: cn c lm g (= need to be done)
Ex:
- I need to go to school today.
- Your hair needs cutting. (= your hair needs to be cut)
Used to V: tng/thng lm g trong qu kh (by gi khng lm na)
Be/Get used to V-ing: quen vi vic g ( hin ti)
Ex:
- I used to get up early when I was young. (Ti thng dy sm khi cn tr)
- Im used to getting up early. (Ti quen vi vic dy sm ri)
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Object + to V: khuyn/cho php/ ngh ai lm
g.
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + V-ing: khuyn/cho php, ngh lm g.
Ex:
- He advised me to apply at once.
- He advised applying at once.
- They dont allow us to park here.
- They dont allow parking here.
See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V-ing: cu trc ny c s dng khi
ngi ni ch chng kin 1 phn ca hnh ng.
See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V: cu trc ny c s dng khi ngi
ni chng kin ton b hnh ng.
Ex:
- I see him passing my house everyday.
- She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
- We saw him leave the house.
- I heard him make arrangements for his journey.
Nh vy sau Chuyn ngy hm nay, chc hn cc bn nm rt r cch dng ca dng
thc ca ng t chnh l V-ing v To V ri phi khng no? Hi vng rng bi hc hu ch
vi cc bn trong qu trnh luyn thi TOEIC cng nh qu trnh hc ting Anh ca mnh.
Trong nhng bi hc sau, iGIS s chia s vi cc bn nhiu hn na nhng kin thc quan
trng phc v cho qu trnh luyn thi ca cc bn. Hy cng ch n nh!
Hn gp li cc bn ti nhng Chuyn sau ca iGIS!