I.

Introduction

When a liquid flows through a uniform tube the pressure falls steadily. The pressure difference
is needed to keep the water moving against the frictional resistance. The compressibility and
viscosity (internal friction) of which are negligible and the flow of which is steady, or laminar.
Bernoulli’s principle states that when the speed of the fluid increases, the pressure in the fluid
decreases. Conversely, when the speed of the fluid decreases, the pressure in the fluid increases.

II. Objective

a. To be able to study Bernoulli’s Principle and its application to the experiment.

b. To be able to apply the principle in the experiment.

III. Equipment / Materials

1. Meter Stick
2. Plastic Soda Bottle (2 liters)
3. Nail
4. Permanent Marking Pen
5. Water
 IV. Data / Table

TABLE

Distance Height of Height of H2O H2O velocity H2O velocity

H2O Hole above surface above (Bernoulli’s) (Projectile
squirted floor floor V 2 (m/s ) Motion)
x (m) y 1 (m) ( h ) y 2− y 1 (m) V 1 (m/s )

1 0.36 m 0.142 m 0.228 m 2.11 m/s 2.11 m/s

2 0.35 m 0.142 m 0.217 m 2.06 m/s 2.06 m/s
3 0.335 m 0.142 m 0.198 m 1.97 m/s 1.97 m/s
4 0.325 m 0.142 m 0.189 m 1.92 m/s 1.91 m/s
5 0.32 0.142 m 0.179 m 1.87 m/s 1.88 m/s
6 0.31 0.142 m 0.167 m 1.81 m/s 1.82 m/s

SOLUTION

H2O velocity (Bernoulli’s Principle)

1. V 2=√ 2 gh m2

√(
V 2= 2 9.8
m
s)(0.228 m)
√
V 2= 3.8808 2

m
s
V 2=1.97
s
m2
√
V 2= 4.4688
s2
4. V 2= √2 gh
m
V 2=2.11
m
s √(
V 2= 2 9.8
s)(.189 m)

m2
2. V 2=√ 2 gh √
V 2= 3.7044 2

m
s

m V 2=1.92
√(
V 2= 2 9.8
s)(0.217 m) s

m2
√
V 2= 4.2532
s2
5. V 2=√ 2 gh
m
V 2=2.06
m
s √(
V 2= 2 9.8
s)(0.179 m)

m2
3. V 2=√ 2 gh √
V 2= 3.5084

m
s2

m V 2=1.87
√( )
V 2= 2 9.8 (0.198 m)
s
s
6. V 2=√ 2 gh m2

√(
V 2= 2 9.8
m
s)(0.167 m)
√
V 2= 3.2732
s2

m
V 2=1.81
s
H2O velocity (Projectile Motion)

d 0.335 m
1. v= v=
2h m
√ g
0.36 m
0.17
s

v= m
2(0.142 m) v=1.97
s

v=
√
0.36 m
m
m
9.8 2
s

4. v=
d
0.17 2h
s
√ g
0.325 m
m v=
v=2.11
s 2(0.142 m)

2. v=
d
v=
√
0.325 m
m
m
9.8 2
s

2h
√ g
0.35 m
0.17
s

v= m
2(0.142 m) v=1.91
s

v=
√
0.35 m
m
m
9.8 2
s

5. v=
d
0.17 2h
s
√ g
0.32 m
m v=
v=2. 06
s 2(0.142 m)

3. v=
d
v=
√
0.32 m
m
m
9.8 2
s

2h
√
g
0.335 m
0.17
s

v= m
2(0.142 m) v=1.88
s

√ m
9.8 2
s
 d 0.31 m
1. v= v=
2h m
√ g
0.31 m
0.17
s

v=
2(0.142 m)

√ m
9.8 2

m
s

v=1.82
s
V. Question and Answer (Analysis)
1) What is the pressure of the water at the surface and the pressure of the water upon
leaving the bottle?
i. Based on the experiment, the pressure of the water in the surface slowly
decreases. On the other hand, the pressure of the water upon leaving the
container increases.
2) Estimate the velocity of the water near the surface and discuss how it compares
(qualitatively) to the velocity of the water exiting the bottle.
i. The narrower the water to the surface the greater the velocity it experience.
This is because the pressure it experiencing is already decreasing.
3) Derive an expression for the velocity of the water exiting the bottle based on Bernoulli’s
equation. Calculate the velocity for each of the water depth marks in your experiment
and record on the data sheet.
i. In this experiment we used the formula
v=√ 2 gh
ii. Note: The calculations are found at the solution page.
4) Derive an expression for the velocity of the water exiting the bottle based on the
equations for projectile motion. Calculate the velocity for each of the water depth marks
in your experiment and record on the data sheet.
d
i. eq 1. v= ;
t
eq 2. h=2 ¿2

Simplify eq2, where t is the unknown

2h ¿ 2
=
g g
2h
t=
√ g
Substitute the value of time in the eq1.
d
v=
2h
√ g

ii. Note: The calculations are found at the solution page.

5) How do the water velocities calculated from Bernoulli’s equation and the equations for
projectile motion compare to each other? Explain any differences.
i. In the Bernoulli’s equation, the distance and the does not involve. Meanwhile,
in the projectile motion distance and time affect but since the time is not given,
the group substitute the value of time on the derive equation.
 VI. Conclusion

After performing the experiment, I therefore say that the relationship between the pressure and
velocity of moving objects is inversely proportional. As what the principle stated as the speed of the fluid
increases, or exerted by the fluid decreases. The water in the container flows fast in narrow regions. The
pressure of the water must be greater in the wider regions because the walls of the container exert a
force to accelerate the water on its constriction.

References:
Bernoulli's theorem (2009). Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia
Britannica.
Physics (2005), R Sotto
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.