Spreadsheet Problem Solving for ChE Faculty

Single-effect Evaporator Design

D. E. Clough 1/19/98
Basic Data
Feed Flow Rate
Feed Composition
Feed Temperature

6.93 kg/s
0.14 mass fraction
21 degC

Product Composition

0.47 mass fraction

Steam Pressure
Steam Temperature

100 psig
164.3 degC

Vapor Condensation Pressure

Vapor Condensation Temperature

2 psia
39 degC

Overall Material Balance

Flow Rates (kg/s)

Total
NaOH
6.93
0.97
2.06
0.97
4.87
-- or --

Feed
Product
Overall Evaporation Rate
Boiling Point Elevation

69 degF

Temperature Drop
Total
Elevation
Net
Temperature Summary

Water
5.96
1.09
4.87
20.6 degC

125.3 degC
20.6 degC
104.7 degC
Solution

Saturation
59.6

39 degC

Enthalpy Balance

Stream
Steam
Feed
Vapor
Steam Condensate
Product

Saturation
No
Temperature
Temperature Composition Superheat
(degC)
(degC)
(kJ/kg)
164.3
164.3
21
0.14
59.6
39
2573
164.3
59.6
0.47

Evaporator Duty
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Area

20979 kW
2
600 W/(m .K)
2
333.8 m

Steam Economy

78.9%

Capital Cost

Operating Costs
Steam
Cash Flow
Cost of Capital
10%
Inflation
3%
NPV
($5,129,234)

$370,000 1990 index

$473,017 1997 index

$750,920 per year

1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

($473,017)
($750,920)
($773,447)
($796,651)
($820,550)
($845,167)
($870,522)
($896,638)
($923,537)
($951,243)
($979,780)
($9,081,471)

Enthalpy
(kJ/kg)

Flow Rate Enthalpy

(kg/s)
Rate (kW)

2750
76.1
2613
651
368

6.17
6.93
4.87
6.17
2.06

Steam Cost
$1.5
$1.9
6.17
391586

per 1000 lb
per 1000 lb
kg/s
Mlb/yr

16963
528
-12716
-4016
-760
0 Overall

2
3593 ft

1.28 CPI

1990
1997

Property Tables

Table Interpolation
Boiling Point Elevation
Composition
(mass fraction)

Boiling Pt. Elev.

(degF)

0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70

0
4
14
25
35
47
65
75
88
100
120
138

data from McCabe, Smith & Harriott, p. 421

Page 2

Property Tables

Table Interpolation
Steam and Condensate Enthalpy
Index

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Temperature
degF
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310

Vapor Enthalpy
degC BTU/lbm
kJ/kg
32.2
35.0
37.8
43.3
48.9
54.4
60.0
65.6
71.1
76.7
82.2
87.8
93.3
98.9
100.0
104.4
110.0
115.6
121.1
126.7
132.2
137.8
143.3
148.9
154.4

1100.9
1103.1
1105.2
1109.5
1113.7
1117.9
1122.0
1126.1
1130.2
1134.2
1138.1
1142.0
1145.9
1149.7
1150.4
1153.4
1157.0
1160.5
1164.0
1167.3
1170.6
1173.8
1176.8
1179.7
1182.5

2560.7
2565.8
2570.7
2580.7
2590.5
2600.2
2609.8
2619.3
2628.8
2638.1
2647.2
2656.3
2665.4
2674.2
2675.8
2682.8
2691.2
2699.3
2707.5
2715.1
2722.8
2730.3
2737.2
2744.0
2750.5

Liquid Enthalpy
BTU/lbm
kJ/kg
57.99
62.98
67.97
77.94
87.92
97.90
107.89
117.89
127.89
137.90
147.92
157.95
167.99
178.05
180.07
188.13
198.23
208.34
218.48
228.64
238.84
249.06
259.31
269.59
279.92

134.9
146.5
158.1
181.3
204.5
227.7
251.0
274.2
297.5
320.8
344.1
367.4
390.7
414.1
418.8
437.6
461.1
484.6
508.2
531.8
555.5
579.3
603.2
627.1
651.1

Reference: McCabe, Smith and

Harriott, p. 926.

Page 3

Index

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Property Tables

Table Interpolation
NaOH-H2O Solution Enthalpy
Comp.
Mass
Fraction

0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50

Temperature -- degF
50

90

150

200

250

18
18
17
16
17
20
22
38
64
74
112

58
55
52
49
48
49
56
68
82
112
130

120
115
108
102
99
102
108
120
137
158
180

170
160
152
147
142
143
149
162
177
196
220

223
210
200
192
187
188
191
202
220
235
263

Entries in BTU/lbm
Reference: McCabe, Smith & Harriott, p. 429.
Converted Table
First column entries below indices are temperatures in degC.
First row entries to right of indices are compositions in mass fraction.
Main table entries are enthalpies in kJ/kg.

0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50

10.0
41.9
41.9
39.5
37.2
39.5
46.5
51.2
88.4
148.9
172.1
260.5

32.2
134.9
127.9
121.0
114.0
111.6
114.0
130.3
158.2
190.7
260.5
302.4

Page 4

65.6
279.1
267.5
251.2
237.3
230.3
237.3
251.2
279.1
318.7
367.5
418.7

93.3
395.4
372.2
353.6
341.9
330.3
332.6
346.6
376.8
411.7
455.9
511.7

121.1
518.7
488.5
465.2
446.6
435.0
437.3
444.3
469.9
511.7
546.6
611.7

Property Tables

300

350

265
257
242
238
235
236
238
245
259
277
297

320
306
290
280
277
276
279
282
300
318
338

148.9
616.4
597.8
562.9
553.6
546.6
548.9
553.6
569.9
602.4
644.3
690.8

176.7
744.3
711.8
674.5
651.3
644.3
642.0
649.0
655.9
697.8
739.7
786.2

Page 5