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2-Tb/s 24-
Carrier No-Guard-Interval CO-OFDM Signal by
Simultaneously Detecting Multiple Carriers Per Sampling
Xiang Liu
1
, S. Chandrasekhar
1
, Benyuan Zhu
2
, and D. W. Peckham
2
1: Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA
2: OFS Labs, 19 Schoolhouse Rd, Somerset NJ, 08873, USA
e-mail: xliu20@alcatel-lucent.com
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate efficient detection of a 1.2-Tb/s 24-carrier NGI-
CO-OFDM signal with 12.5-Gbaud PDM-QPSK carrier-modulation by simultaneously
recovering 2 or 3 carriers per 50-GSamples/s-sampling, and show its performance after
transmitting the signal over 7,200 km.
2010 Optical Society of America
OCIS: (060.1660) Coherent communications, (060.5060) Phase modulation
1. Introduction
Tb/s per channel transmission is currently under active study for future Ethernet applications [1-3]. Digital
coherent detection [4-6] is considered as a promising technique for future high-speed transmission because it
offers high receiver sensitivity and is capable of compensating for transmission impairments such as chromatic
dispersion (CD) and polarization-mode dispersion. However, the sampling speed of the analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) needed in digital coherent detection is expected to be limited to well below 100 GSamples/s in
the foreseeable future, causing an electronic bottleneck issue. One way to address this issue is to use multi-
carrier format to transmit a Tb/s channel and detect a fraction of the channel per digital sampling. This approach
has been demonstrated with coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CO-OFDM), which
also allows for high spectral-efficiency (SE) multiplexing of modulated carriers. Recently, a new optical OFDM
scheme called no-guard-interval (NGI) CO-OFDM was introduced [7,8], in which no transmitter-side DSP is
applied and no guard interval between adjacent symbols is used to provide even higher SE and receiver
sensitivity. At 112-Gb/s/ch, 2-carrier NGI-CO-OFDM was shown to achieve excellent transmission distance [8].
Also advantageously, a 2-carrier NGI-CO-OFDM signal can be detected with low sampling rate ADC to reduce
both hardware complexity and receiver DSP load [8,9], and it was shown that an oversampling factor (defined
as the ratio between the sampling rate and the baud rate of the detected signal) as small as 1.4 is sufficient [10].
More recently, a 1.2-Tb/s 24-carrier NGI-CO-OFDM signal with 12.5-Gbaud PDM-QPSK carriers was
transmitted over 7200 km of ultra-large-area fiber (ULAF) without optical dispersion compensation, achieving a
record SE-distance product of 27,000 kmb/s/Hz for Tb/s/ch transmission [11]. Also demonstrated in this
experiment was the simultaneous detection of 2 carriers, in the presence of all the 24 carriers, with 50-GS/s
ADC, corresponding to an oversampling factor of 2. In this paper, we describe the detection scheme in more
depth, and investigate the impact of imperfect electronic dispersion compensation, which was used prior to the
carrier separation, on the receiver performance. Moreover, we further reduce the oversampling factor to 1.33 by
simultaneously detecting 3 carriers with an aggregate speed of 150 Gb/s per sampling.
2. Principle
Fig. 1 illustrates three digital coherent receiver architectures for receiving a 1.2-Tb/s 24-carrier NGI-CO-OFDM
signal having 12.5-Gbaud PDM-QPSK carriers. To avoid damaging the orthogonal condition, the sampling rate
Frequency
(a) Detection of 1 carrier per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
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ADC
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Polarization
Diversity
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ADC
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Polarization
Diversity
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ADC
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ADC
D
S
P
OLO#1
OLO#24
Signal
1
:
2
4
(b) Detection of 2 carriers per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
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ADC
ADC
ADC
D
S
P
OLO#1
OLO#12
Signal
1
:
1
2
(c) Detection of 3 carriers per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
D
S
P
OLO#1
OLO#8
Signal
1
:
8
OLO#1 OLO#24
Frequency
OLO#1 OLO#12
Frequency
OLO#1 OLO#8
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Frequency
(a) Detection of 1 carrier per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
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Polarization
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Polarization
Diversity
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ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
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D
S
P
OLO#1
OLO#24
Signal
1
:
2
4
(b) Detection of 2 carriers per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
D
S
P
OLO#1
OLO#12
Signal
1
:
1
2
(c) Detection of 3 carriers per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
D
S
P
OLO#1
OLO#8
Signal
1
:
8
OLO#1 OLO#24
Frequency
OLO#1 OLO#12
Frequency
OLO#1 OLO#8
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
(a) Detection of 1 carrier per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
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Polarization
Diversity
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Polarization
Diversity
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ADC
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Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
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ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
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ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
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Optical Hybrid
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ADC
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ADC
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S
P
OLO#1
OLO#24
Signal
1
:
2
4
(b) Detection of 2 carriers per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
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S
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OLO#1
OLO#12
Signal
1
:
1
2
(c) Detection of 3 carriers per sampling
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
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Diversity
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S
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OLO#1
OLO#8
Signal
1
:
8
OLO#1 OLO#24
Frequency
OLO#1 OLO#12
Frequency
OLO#1 OLO#8
Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
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Polarization
Diversity
Optical Hybrid
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
Fig. 1. Illustrations of three different ways to detect a 1.2-Tb/s 24-carrier NGI-CO-OFDM signal having 12.5-Gbaud PDM-QPSK carriers
with 50-GS/s ADC, (a) detecting 1 carrier per sampling with an oversampling factor of 4, (b) detecting 2 carriers per sampling with an
oversampling factor of 2, and (c) detecting 3 carriers per sampling with an oversampling factor of 1.33. OLO: optical local oscillator.
a1988_1.pdf
4. Experimental results
We first assess the detection performance when 2 carriers are simultaneously detected per sampling. The back-
to-back required OSNR at BER=110
-3
was measured to be 26 dB, showing a small excess penalty of ~0.5 dB
as compared to detecting a 100-Gb/s 2-carrier signal [11]. Fig. 3(a) shows the measured BER of all the carriers
after 7200-km transmission with 7.5-dBm signal launch power and 27.5-dB received OSNR. The mean BER is
6.810
-4
, indicating a low transmission penalty of <1.2 dB. It is also important to assess the tolerance to
imperfect EDC, e.g., due to inexact knowledge about the dispersion experienced by the signal. Fig. 3(b) shows
the dependence of the Q factor as a function of the residual dispersion after the EDC for the 11
th
(left) carrier
and the 12
th
(right) carrier. For 0.5-dB Q penalty, the residual dispersion tolerance is about 1000 ps/nm. As the
spectrum of each carrier is mainly contained within a 0.2-nm window, this dispersion tolerance corresponds to a
CD-induced channel memory duration of 400 ps, comparable to the overall tap length of the CMA-based
equalizer used (300 ps). This indicates good dispersion tolerance of the detection scheme (with the CMA-based
equalizer used after carrier separation).
We then proceeded to assess the detection performance when 3 carriers are detected per sampling to achieve
a low oversampling ratio of 1.3. Fig. 4(a) shows recovered constellations of three representative carriers in the
back-to-back configuration with OSNR=35 dB, showing Q factors (estimated from symbol variance) ranging
from 16.5 dB to 18 dB. Fig. 4(b) shows the measured BER of the carriers after the 7200-km transmission. The
mean BER is almost the same (within experimental errors) as that measured with 2 carriers per sampling. This is
reasonable as the ADC sampling speed is just sufficient to cover the main spectral contents of the 3 carriers.
Carrier-1 Carrier-11 Carrier-24
Q~18dB Q~16.5dB
Q~16.5dB
Q~18dB Q-17dB
x-pol.
y-pol.
Q~16.5dB
Carrier-1 Carrier-11 Carrier-24
Q~18dB Q~16.5dB
Q~16.5dB
Q~18dB Q-17dB
x-pol.
y-pol.
Q~16.5dB
(a) (b)
3.810
-3
Mean BER: 6.210
-4
Fig. 4. (a) Sample recovered constellations of three representative carriers in the back-to-back configuration with OSNR=35 dB;
(b) Measured BER of the carriers after the 7200-km transmission with simultaneous detection of 3 carriers per sampling.
5. Summary
We have experimentally demonstrated the efficient detection of a 1.2-Tb/s 24-carrier NGI-CO-OFDM signal,
showing the potential to substantially reduce the hardware and DSP complexity in detecting Tb/s multi-carrier
NGI-CO-OFDM signal by simultaneously detecting a subgroup of carriers per sampling.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, J.-P. Hamaide, and D. J. DiGiovanni for support, and
A. H. Gnauck for technical assistance.
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