Molecular weights of petroleum satisfactorily estimated from average boiling point and gravity. Aromatic stocks of low characterisation factor have lower molecular weight than paraffin materials. Critical properties of petroleum are in satisfactory agreement with existing data.
Molecular weights of petroleum satisfactorily estimated from average boiling point and gravity. Aromatic stocks of low characterisation factor have lower molecular weight than paraffin materials. Critical properties of petroleum are in satisfactory agreement with existing data.
Molecular weights of petroleum satisfactorily estimated from average boiling point and gravity. Aromatic stocks of low characterisation factor have lower molecular weight than paraffin materials. Critical properties of petroleum are in satisfactory agreement with existing data.
molecular weight of petroleum fractions. the average molecular weights of
petroleum satisfactorily estimated from average boiling point and gravity. aromatic stocks of low characterisation factor have lower molecular weight than paraffin materials of the same average boiling points. the relationship among molecular weights, characterization factor, boiling point, and API gravity we included between these curves, molecular weights may be estimated, with errors rarely exceeding 5%. if boiling points data are not available, the boiling points may be estimated from viscosity, using Fig 107. critical properties. the critical temperature and molecular weight curves of fig 106 are in satisfactory agreement with existing data on petroleum. critical temperatur estimated from fig 106 are applicable with little error to pure hydrocarbons, narrow petroleum cuts, or wide-boiling mixtures if a proper method of obtaining average boiling points is used. correct methods of averaging have been developed by smith and watson. critical pressure may be estimated by the methods described in chapter 4. hydrogen content. the curves of fig 108 represent a relationship between hydrogen content and characterization factor for materials of constant boiling points. figure 108 combined with the praiding charts permits estimation of hydrogen content from a knowledge of only the spesific gravity and other property. ordinarily the error will be less than 0,5%, based on the total weight of the oil except for highly aromatic, low-boiling materials. petroleum oils ordinarily contain little ash and in the absence of spesific data may assumed to be 97% carbon and hydrogen with the remainder of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash.
berat molekul fraksi minyak bumi. berat molekul rata-rata minyak bumi memuaskan diperkirakan dari rata-rata titik didih dan gravitasi. Saham aromatik faktor karakterisasi rendah memiliki berat molekul rendah dari bahan parafin dari rata-rata titik didih yang sama. hubungan antara berat molekul, faktor karakterisasi, titik didih, dan gravitasi API kita termasuk di antara kurva ini, berat molekul dapat diperkirakan, dengan kesalahan jarang melebihi 5%. jika mendidih titik data tidak tersedia, titik didih dapat diperkirakan dari viskositas, menggunakan Gambar 107. Sifat kritis. suhu dan berat molekul kurva kritis ara 106 berada dalam perjanjian memuaskan dengan data yang ada pada minyak bumi. temperatur kritis diperkirakan dari ara 106 berlaku dengan sedikit kesalahan untuk hidrokarbon murni, pemotongan minyak sempit, atau campuran lebar mendidih jika metode yang tepat untuk memperoleh titik didih rata-rata digunakan. metode yang benar dari rata-rata telah dikembangkan oleh smith dan watson. tekanan kritis dapat dihitung dengan metode yang dijelaskan dalam bab 4.
kandungan hidrogen. kurva ara 108 merupakan hubungan antara kadar hidrogen dan faktor karakterisasi bahan dari titik didih konstan. Angka 108 dikombinasikan dengan grafik praiding memungkinkan estimasi kandungan hidrogen dari pengetahuan hanya berat jenis dan properti lainnya. biasanya kesalahan akan kurang dari 0,5%, berdasarkan berat total minyak kecuali sangat aromatik, bahan rendah mendidih. minyak petroleum biasanya mengandung sedikit abu dan tidak adanya data spesifik mungkin diasumsikan 97% karbon dan hidrogen dengan sisa oksigen, nitrogen, sulfur, dan abu.