CONTENTS

SD BLOCKING- REASON & SOLUTION

SD DROP- REASON & SOLUTION
TCH BLOCKING & TASR- REASON & SOLUTION
TCH DROP- REASON & SOLUTION
HOSR- REASON & SOLUTION
TBF FAILURES-REASON & SOLUTION
900-1800 TRAFFIC
CELSEL-RESEL
PARAMETERS TUNING
2G-QUESTIONNAIRE
SD Blocking
SD blocking means that you are not getting SD resource for the call origination. When MS connects with
NW then RACH and AGCH are provided. After AGCH,SDCCH is provided but if SDCCH is not provided at
this time due some problems or due to unavailable of SD by BSC ,its called as SD Blocking. There are
no of reasons for that.If such a case arises the customer will not be able to originate any call.
Difference Between Blocking and Congestion
It is very important to know difference between blocking and congestion. If all the SD resources are full
and not available for SD assign then its come into congestion. If at a particular time call is attempted
and it fails then it known as Blocking.
Reasons for SD Blocking
Some of them are- LAC boundary. HW Prob.
Solutions for removal of SD Blocking
Here are some steps by which we can reduce SD Blocking- Check the No. of SDCCH channel Available,
if less then increase SD channel taking care that there is no TCH Blocking. Check LAC boundary, If
location update is more then change the LAC of that site and set C2 and HYS. Use of Dynamic SDCCH
(It is a BSC parameter and will be applied on whole BTS). Hardware check / shift SD to new time slot
Some times BMA and HYS parameters are useful to remove SD Blocking. Overshooting Cell
Optimization,T200S
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SD Drop
As per diagram shows when we assigned SD for call origination and at that time due to some
problem or any mismatch comes by which SD loss occurs, it is called as SD Drop. It occurs
between allocation of SD and before TCH allocation. Sometimes SD drop occurs because
queuing is not activated in the system. If SD drop is high plz look on parameters like-
overshooting , shift the SD time slot , may be hardware issue, interference, PMAX, may be
issue of uplink or downlink issue in that cells for UL put a TMA in that cell and for DL provide
tilt ,re orient that antenna
If SD Drop is high
If SD drop is high plz look on parameters like- Overshooting Shift the SD time slot Hardware
issue Interference Change the values of PMAX It may be uplink or downlink issue in which cells
for UL put a TMA in that cell and for DL provide tilt Re orient that antenna
Reasons of SD Drop
Hardware Fault. Interference. MAIO mismatch. Bad Coverage. High TR Fail. Outage.
Overshooting. Abis Drop. High Path Loss. Wrong Parameter Planning. Due to ICM Band(CDMA)
High LAPD Utilization Heavy blocking and DR feature being used extensively
Solutions for removal of SD Drop
Interference: Check the BCCH Plan (C/I or C/A). Co-BSIC & Co BCCH. MapInfo to find out
proper frequency to reduce interference.
Arrange Drive Test: The best way to find the real issues for Interference makes DT. Check
interference by Interference scanning. Check clean BCCH by frequency scanning.
Overshooting: LAC Planning. If a cell is picking call from long distance, Check the sample log
according to TA. Cell orientation need to be defined according to clutter. Mount position
Effective Tilt.
High TR Fail: Check and clear TR fail from OSS end. Bad Coverage: If the drop call is due to
low signal strength uplink, check the receive path of this particular TRX. Check receiver
sensitivity, VSWR, feeder connection and etc. Drops due to Low Signal Strength. If the drop
call reason is due to low signal strength downlink, then, check the transmit path. Check cards,
feeder and etc. Use MapInfo or Google Earth to find location of sites.
High LAPD Utilization: Check LAPD util report from OSS, and define 32 kbps signaling
instead of 16kbps Hardware Fault: Check Alarms. TRX condition. Check Path Imbalance. VSWR
of the Cell. Connector Connection. Some times you will find issues on BCCH TRX.In this case
BCCH shift from one to other TRX will reduce SD drop.
Due to ICM Band(CDMA): Some time SD drops takes place due to near sites of CDMA.
Check the ICM band value of that site. Use BPF (Band pass filter). Use the spectrum analyzer.
Check for parameter: Check the Timer T 3101 Check the Timer T 200(20ms) T11
Expired(10 s) MAIO check.
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TCH Blocking
When TCH is not allocated to the user after SD allocation ,it is TCH Blocking. It is
the failed call attempts which the MS user can notice. It takes place due to lack
of TCH Resource.
Reasons for TCH Blocking
Some of them are- High Utilization of TCH Time slot faulty. Lock TRXs. HW
Problem.
Solutions for removal of TCH Blocking
Implement half rate or Dual rate. Check triggering of Half rate. Add another
TRX. If TRX addition not possible, try to share the traffic of that cell with the
neighboring cell by changing tilt or orientation.
TCH Assignment
Its a process of by which TCH is assigned to the MS. After the SD request MS
gets TCH successfully and the call transfers to TCH it means TCH assignment is
successful. For the best KPI TCH assignment should tend to 100%. It degrades
due to HW problems.
Reasons for TCH Assignment failure
Hardware Fault(TRXs,Combiner,Duplexer,Cables) VSWR High Path Loss. Faulty
TMA. High TCH Blocking. Loose connections. DR being used extensively
Solutions for removal of TCH Assignment
Clear VSWR IF TRXs are faulty lock them and try to replace them soon to avoid
blocking Path Imbalance clear. Connection from BTS to Antenna Connector
connection Check TMA. Check Duplexer,Combiner,TRXs connections,Multicuppler
etc.& Check Hardware
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TCH Drop
Drop during conversation is known as TCH drop. It takes place after connect ACK msg
on TCH.TCH drop occurring. For TCH drop first cross check the BCCH of that cell,
hardware issue may be, change RXP and RLT value. Find out there is any interference
,neighbor defined.
Reasons for TCH Drop
Wrong Parameter Planning. BAD HOSR. Hardware Fault. High TR Fail. Overshoot.
Outage. Due to Low Coverage. Due to ICM Band(CDMA)
Solutions for removal of TCH Drop
Check Parameter: Check the BCCH Plan (C/I or C/A). Co-BSIC & Co BCCH. Check the
Timer T 100(should be 20 ms) Check Overshooting: If a cell is picking call from long
distance, Check the sample log according to TA.. Site Orientation. Effective tilt should
be check. Mount position should be check
Improve HOSR: Check the Hopping plan. Check the Neighbor Plan High TR Fail: Check
and clear TR fail from oss end.
Bad Coverage: If the drop call is due to low signal strength uplink, check the receive
path of this particular TRX. Check receiver sensitivity, VSWR, feeder connection and etc.
Drops due to Low Signal Strength. If the drop call reason is due to low signal strength
downlink, then, check the transmit path. Check cards, feeder and etc. Use MapInfo or
Google Earth to find location of sites. Effective tilt should be check. Mount position
should be check.
Check HW: Check Alarms on site. Check TRXs. Check Slips. Check the Hopping plan.
Check BB2F card. Check VSWR, Path imbalance. Connector Connection. Check TMA
Drop Reason because of HW Issues: if drops are only on one site, then go for a
check for that particular even attach with that site. If drops are on all sites connected to
a single link, then check the slip or interference on that Abis interface. If Drops are
distributed on all site of the BSC, then check the slips on A-ter. Down Time of the cell.
TRX condition. BTS should not getting the temperature alarm continuously.
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HOSR
If HOSR will be good TCH drop will also be good. If Handover success
rate degrades call drop rate will take place.
Reasons for HOSR
Improper Neighbor planning. CO-BCCH-BSIC issues in Neigh. Parameter
Check. HSN clash. SL value. LAC boundary. DAC value mismatch. Syn
mismatch. Overshoot. HW Issues. Low Coverage
Solutions for removal of HOSR
Arrange Drive Test: The best way to find the real issues for HO fail
make DT and check layer 3 msg gor HO fail.By DT it is very easy to find
the fail between cells. Neighbor Tuning: Try to retune neighbors Avoid CO-
BCCH-BSIC neighbors. Avoid extra neighs. Delete long distance neighs.
Check neighs are defined form both ends. If there are high fail delete and
recreate neighs.
Parameter Check: Retune SL.It can change bw -90,-95,-105. Check
HSN. Check SYN. Retune LDR, LUR, IDR, IUR. Retune LMRG, QMRG,
PMRG. Check DAC value. If DAC value is high or low tune it at the TH
value. It should be 2050.
Overshoot: When neighs are far away then chances of HO fail increases.
In this case ping-pong HI takes place by which fail takes place. So it the
inter distance is high its batter to del that kind of neigh. LAC Boundary-
Check LAC boundry. High fail takes place there will be Inter BSC cells.
High fail takes place there will be Inter MSC cells. Define proper LAC in
neigh cells.
HW Issues: Clear HW issues. Check TRXs. Check outages. Check Hw.
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TBF FAILURE
Generally happens due to Poor RF conditions & due to congestion/Blocking.
Solutions for removal of TBF failure
Congestion:In case of congestion need to increase the PDCH timeslots for congestion removal.
Faulty Timeslot BCCH TRX:In case of faulty time slot can shift the timeslot in next TRX.
Preemption: In case if cell there having less TCH congestion Preemption can a possible solution to reduce Drops
Timer:Tuning of T3191,T3193,T3195
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900-1800 TRAFFIC
In General 900 used as coverage and 1800 used as capacity.
Possible Solutions
Can tune Layer threshold parameter.
Can play with Rxlevmin in 900 & 1800.
Tuning of C2 parameter in same band.
Physical opti of 900 &1800 band.
Load Balance 900 to 1800. Cell reselection PI
Change in handover margin parameters.
TRX addition in case of Blocking
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CRO for 1800 and 900Temporary OffsetPenalty time
CBQ CB At cell selection At cell reselection
HIGH NO NORMAL NORMAL
HIGH YES BARRED BARRED
LOW NO LOW NORMAL
LOW YES LOW NORMAL
CBQ-Cell Bar Qualify
CB-Cell Bar Access
Behavior of MS for different combinations of CBQ and CB
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Parameter Details Old Value Changed Value
BVC flow control period(CellFcPer,10ms) 80 3000
MS flow control period(MsFcPer,10ms) 80 3000
Times of packet uplink ACK/NACK retries(N3103) 10 50
Max allowed number of continuous losses of uplink
RLC/MAC control message(N3105)
15 200
Protective time waiting for access(RmsT1,100ms) 70 160
Immediate assignment period(RmsT3101,100ms) 30 100
TCH Channel release period(RmsT3109(TCH),100ms) 150 50
TCH Channel deactivation
delay(RmsT3111(TCH),100ms)
3 1
TFI and USF release timer(T3169,10ms) 500 2500
TBF release time of downlink transmission(T3193,10ms) 152 1200
MAX resending times for physical information(NY1) 16 20
Queue allowed when assign 0,0 1,0
N200 timer
5,5,5,2,2,5,
2
3,3,3,5,5,3,3
MS Radio-Link-Timeout(MsRadioLkTmOut) 7 10
Threshold for FR to HR(HRThs,%) 50 70
BSS Radio-Link-Timeout for AMR
FR(BsRadioLkTmOutAMRFR)
7 15
Cell reselection offset(ReselOffset,2db)
Cellwise Different
Value
Power control parameter(Alpha) 6 0
Uplink level(PcUlLevWindow) 3 4
Downlink level(PcDlLevWindow) 3 4
Priority(TrxPriority)
High priority on TCH
TRX The threshold for starting PBGT
handover(PbgtHoStartThs)
35 50
Uplink receive level(HoUlLevThs) 18 10
Downlink receive level(HoDlLevThs) 18 10
Uplink receive quality(HoUlQualThs) 69 55
Downlink receive quality(HoDlQualThs) 69 55
Penalty time for handover failure(HoFailPenalTime) 7 9
Uplink interference quality offset(QOffsetUl) 1 20
MAX path loss threshold on force
handover(MaxLossThs)
As per requirement
MAX time advance threshold on force
handover(MaxTAThs)
As per requirement
N value of force handover(HoForceN) As per requirement
P value of force handover(HoForceP) As per requirement
The MAX of path loss(PathLossMax) As per requirement
The MIN of path loss(PathLossMin) As per requirement
Protective time waiting for access(RmsT1,100ms) 70 160
RS(RS) 6 12
RR(RR) 18 12
Immediate assignment period(RmsT3101,100ms) 30 100
TCH Channel release period(RmsT3109(TCH),100ms) 150 50
TCH Channel deactivation
delay(RmsT3111(TCH),100ms)
3 1
TFI and USF release timer(T3169,10ms) 500 2500
TBF release timer(T3191,10ms) 500 2500
TBF release time of downlink transmission(T3193,10ms) 152 1200
TBF protect time when radio link failure(T3195,10ms) 500 2500
RS(RS) 6 12
RR(RR) 18 12
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What is GSM? Maximum data rate supported by GSM?Modulation technique
GSM Interfaces
What is C/I?
What is Erlang?
GSM channel types & call flow?
What is DTX?
What is C1 & C2?
How cell selection and reseltion happens in GSM?
What is Rxlevel Full & Sub?
What is HSN?
What is Frequency Hoping?
What is MO/MS?
What are the losses in Cables?
What is Fading?
What is spectrum reframing?
What is the difference between congestion & Blocking?
What is power control in GSM and how its works?
How we identified ARFCN based on their available spectrum?
What is FER and their ranges?
What is BER? How its corelated with Rx Quality?
What is RLT? How its works?
What is SD blocking & How we can improve?
What is SD drop & How we can improve?
What is TCH blocking & How we can improve?
What is TCH drop & How we can improve?
How we can improve HOSR?
What is TBF Failures & Drop?
How to balance traffic between GSM 900 and GSM 1800 cells?
How we can improve the coverage(With out losing Erlang) if the required sites not come up?
What is HCS?
What is overlay & underlay?
what kind of Handovers can take place from 900 to 1800?
Ranges of Rx level, Quality, C/I
Layer3 Messages
System information in GSM
RF Parameters
Command sequence
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Basics
KPI
Dual band Optimization
QUESTIONNAIRE
Drive Test