Propped frac length needs to cover 50 to 70% of the drainage radius. Optimum fracture length will be a function of the (optimum) drainage area. A properly packed fracture will connect the entire pay interval to the well bore.
Propped frac length needs to cover 50 to 70% of the drainage radius. Optimum fracture length will be a function of the (optimum) drainage area. A properly packed fracture will connect the entire pay interval to the well bore.
Propped frac length needs to cover 50 to 70% of the drainage radius. Optimum fracture length will be a function of the (optimum) drainage area. A properly packed fracture will connect the entire pay interval to the well bore.
Technical Advisory Team Presentation 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 2 Introduction
Will T Louviere quote:
To effectively and economically drain a reservoir in 5 years time the propped frac length needs to cover 50 to 70% of the drainage radius 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 3 20 Rules for Gas Fracturing by Steve Holditch Rule#9. The optimum fracture length will be a function of the (optimum) drainage area (xe). The following can be used to estimate the optimum fracture length as a function of gas permeability. 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 4 20 Rules for Gas Fracturing by Steve Holditch Rule#16. The pad volume of a treatment should be In most reservoirs 25 30% In tight reservoirs 10 20% In high permeability reservoirs 50 70% If the pad volume is too small, the treatment may screen out. If the pad volume is too large, you will waste money, the propped fracture length will be shorter, and the fracture will not close as rapidly as it would with a smaller pad volume. 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 5 20 Rules for Gas Fracturing by Steve Holditch Rule#18. No well is straight and no well is vertical. As such, the chances that multiple fractures will occur increase with the length of the perforated interval. A perforation interval of 20 ft. or less, located in the most porous and permeable zone, should be sufficient for most cases. A properly packed fracture will connect the entire pay interval to the well bore assuming the treatment is pumped correctly and is not over flushed. 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 6 FC vs Prop Concentration
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 7 Prop Concentration 2000 lb/ per 1000 sq ft or 2 lb/ft^2 what does it mean? w 1 ft 1 ft Bulk volume of sand is 100 lbs/ft^3 so 2lb/ft^2 gives 0.02 ft width or w = 0.24 in. How many proppant layers is that? 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 8 Prop Concentration Proppants Size Mesh Maximum Diameter - in. Maximum Diameter - mm Average Proppant Diameter - in. Average Proppant Diameter - mm 4/8 0.187 4.75 0.173 4.39 6/12** 0.132 3.35 0.099 2.51 8/12 0.093 2.36 0.087 2.21 8/16** 0.093 2.36 0.082 2.08 10/20 0.079 2.01 0.061 1.55 10/30 0.079 2.01 0.056 1.42 12/20* 0.067 1.70 0.054 1.37 16/20** 0.047 1.19 0.041 1.04 16/30** 0.047 1.19 0.039 0.99 18/20** 0.039 0.99 0.036 0.91 18/35 0.039 0.99 0.032 0.81 20/40* 0.0336 0.85 0.0272 0.69 20/50 0.0336 0.85 0.0218 0.55 30/50** 0.0237 0.60 0.0185 0.47 30/60 0.0237 0.60 0.018 0.46 40/60 0.0168 0.43 0.014 0.36 40/70* 0.0168 0.43 0.013 0.33 70/140**(100 mesh) 0.0099 0.25 0.0084 0.21 *Recognized by API as a primary proppant size **Recognized by API as an alternate proppant Properties for Various Size Proppants 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 9 Prop Concentration 2 lb/ft^2 what does it mean? That is equivalent to 1.712.802 proppant grains, or 1.88 million grains in a kilo.....so next time that you go to the beach.....
w 1 ft 1 ft Bulk volume of sand is 100 lbs/ft^3 so 2lb/ft^2 gives 0.02 ft width or w = 0.24 in. How many proppant layers is that? 0.24 / 0.0272 = 8.8 !
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 10 FC vs Prop Concentration
8.8 layer 0.5 partial mono layer 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 11 Perforation Diameter based on Max Proppant Diameter (6:1 ratio)
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 12 Perforation Diameter based on Max Proppant Diameter (6:1 ratio)
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 13 Frac Geometry Example 2 lb/ft^2 S = 80 acres 50 ft 500 ft Area = 2 wings * 50 * 500 = 50,000 ft^2 Proppant Amount Required: 50,000 ft^2 * 2 lb/ft^2 = 100,000 lbs 500 ft 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 14 Well Spacing and Drainage Radius Square Circular Well Spacing (S) in Acres Drainage Length (Re) in ft Drainage Radius (Re) in ft Re =104.4*S^0.5 Re =117.8*S^0.5 40 660 745 80 933 1,053 160 1,320 1,490 320 1,867 2,107 640 2,641 2,980 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 15 Frac Schedule 100,000 lbs of proppant required Assume 4 lbs/gal average concentration 25,000 gal fluid required for proppant Pad volume: 10,000 gal
10,000 gal w/ 1 ppg-10,000 lbs stage 2,000 gal w/ 2 pgg-4,000 lbs stage 1,500 gal w/ 3 ppg-4,500 lbs stage 1,000 gal w/ 4 ppg-4,000 lbs stage 1,000 gal w/ 5 ppg-5,000 lbs stage 2,000 gal w/ 6 ppg-12,000 lbs stage 3,000 gal w/ 7 ppg-21,000 lbs stage 5,000 gal w/ 8 ppg-40,000 lbs stage
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 16 Frac Schedule Pump Rate Pump rate depends on: 1) Completion. Check minimum IDs in wellbore and try to keep velocity below 44 ft/sec. This is based on yardtests. We are using 20 ft/sec when pumping proppant on the outside of coil. In general 35/ft/sec is ok. 2) Available equipment. Maximum rate through surface lines is 2*ID^2. So, 3 is 18 bpm, 4 is 32 bpm etc. 3) Pressure rating. WHTP = BHTP-Hydrostatic+Friction
Hydraulic Horsepower: (Max WHTP*Design rate)/40.8 = 4411hhp for 10,000 psi and 18 bpm 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 17 Frac Schedule Pump Rate There are some velocity guidelines for Wellhead Isolation Tools/Tree Savers. To minimize the risk of excessive tubing wear, restrict velocity through the tool to the rates listed below for each material. Sand-laden fluids ................................... 125 ft/sec Clean fluids ........................................... 200 ft/sec High-strength proppant .......................... 100 ft/sec Foamed fluid with sand ........................... 100 ft/sec Foamed fluid with high-strength proppant ... 80 ft/sec These values are for reference only if proppant concentration does not exceed 8 lb/gal or 6 lb/gal with foam. 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 18 Frac Schedule Pump rate V=(17.157* Q)/ID^2, where V velocity (ft/sec) Q pump rate (bbl/min) ID internal diameter of inner mandrel (in.) Sand Laden Fluid through 2.922 in tubing: Q =(2.922^2 * 125)/17.157 = 62.2 bpm With 35 ft/sec this would be: 17.4 bpm, so a design rate of 17 to 18 bpm for 3.5 tubing is ok. 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 19 Production Increase Curves Flow capacity: 2800 md-ft K i =0.1 mD C r = 17.8 ->Y-axis: 4.2 J fs/J i = (4.2 * ln(1053/.375))/6.215 = 5.36
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 20 Frac Schedule other Considerations 1) DFIT: Diagnostic Fluid Injection test
2) Minifrac using linear gel and Stepdown Rate test
3) Minifrac using gel for mainfrac and proppant slug 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 21 Layout All Water in Tanks prior to job start 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 22 Production Enhancement Equipment Available out of Celle Base Description Quantity
2000 HHP Grizzly Pump Trailer 10 2000 HHP HQ Twin Pump Trailer 2 100 bpm ARC Blender 1 50 bpm ARC Blender 1 100 bpm ARC Pre Gel Blender 1 50 bpm ARC Pre Gel Blender 1 Technical Command Center with RTO & Field Lab 2 80 m Fluid Storage Tank 12 60 m Liquid KCL Storage Tank 2 60 m Proppant Silo 2 34 m Proppant Silo 2 1000 HHP Annulus Truck ( HT 400 ) 2 600 HHP Annulus Truck ( HT 400 ) 2 60 / 80 k Coiled Tubing Unit 1 3/4-2 3/8 3 38 k Coiled Tubing Unit 1 2000 scf/min N2 Unit 2 3000 scf/min N2 Unit 1 6000 scf/min N2 Unit 2 2500 kw Mobile Fluid Heating Unit 1
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 23 2000 HHP Grizzly Pump Trailer 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 24 Pumprate vs pressure, 4" FE, HQ-Pump
Gear Minimum Maximum P Rating Minimum Maximum P Rating bpm bpm psi m/min m/min bar
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 25 100 bpm ARC Pre Gel Blender Mixing system: Two Gorman/Rupp 12 x 12 centrifugal pumps, hydraulically driven. The mixing system is capable of mixing at rates up to 100 bbl/min (15.9 m3/min). Dimensions: Length: 13.39 mtr Width: 2.44 mtr Height: 4.11 mtr Weight: 22 200 kg Engine: CAT C11 diesel engine (420 HP at 2100 rpm) or equivalent driving four hydraulic pumps through a four-pump drive gearbox 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 26
100 bpm ARC Blender
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 27 Frac Van
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 28 Fluid Storage
Mixline: 4 Size: 10 with 4 each outlets with 4 fig 206 weco unions J eager air connection: to connect multiple tanks in one common manifold 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 29 Proppant Silo
Dimensions: 34 m3 60 m
Weight: 6.500 Kg 7.500 Kg Height: 9,00 mtr 13,12 mtr Width: 2,44 mtr 2,50 mtr Length: 2,80 mtr 2,56 mtr Description: 34 m3 Sand Silo 60 m Sand Silo 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 30 Mounted Equipment
Description: 15,000 psi Manifold Trailer ( Connects 16 Pumps ) Capacity: 50,000 lb (22 676 kg) lift for positioning trailer for hookup and/or disconnect from tractor Stroke: 36 in. (914 mm) 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 31 60 100K Coiled Tubing Unit 1 1/4 -2 3/8
Total length 7200 mtr 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 34 2500KW Heating Unit Capable to heat 80m3 water from 5C to 50C in 1hour 15min Diesel usage ca 200ltr/hour
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 35 Multi Purpose Twin Pump Unit 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 36 Skandi Fjord Stimulation Vessel 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 37 Frac Schedule 100,000 lbs of proppant required Assume 4 lbs/gal average concentration 25,000 gal fluid required for proppant Pad volume: 10,000 gal