Poli 320, John McAndrews

Subject Pool Alternative Article Summary

Kim, Grace 22!"0#2
Qiong Li and Marilynn B. Brewer
$hat %oes &t Mean to 'e an American( Patriotism, )ationalism, and
American &dentity a*ter #+""
Summary
,i and 'rewer -200./ discuss the di0erence between 1atriotism and
nationalism and attem1t to 2nd the relationshi1 between the two and
inter3rou1 attitudes within the 4nited States5 6hey hy1othesi7e that
1atriotism would be 1ositively correlated with internationalist values, and
that nationalism would show the reverse5 6wo *actors a0ectin3 the
relationshi1 are common essence and common 3oal5 6hey carry out their
e81eriment by conductin3 9uestionnaires with a 3rou1 o* colle3e students
and a 3rou1 o* community members5 6he 9uestionnaire measured 1atriotism
and nationalism, as well as e8amine diversity tolerance5 6hey also e8amined
the e0ects o* the two *actors -mentioned 1reviously/ throu3h 1rimin3
mani1ulation, 3ivin3 hal* the 1artici1ants a biased e8cer1t includin3 the
conce1t o* core essence, while 3ivin3 the other hal* an e8cer1t o* the
conce1t o* common 3oal5 'y usin3 a 1atriotism score, a closeness ratin3, and
a ratin3 on the vitality o* bein3 born in the 45S5, s1ea:in3 ;n3lish, and bein3
<hristian, they could measure the level o* tolerance amon3 the res1ondents5
6he results showed that the national identi2cation and avera3e tolerance
level chan3ed very little with mani1ulation5 Additionally, there is a 1ositive
correlation between 1atriotism and nationalism when essence=based 1rimin3
is involved, and this ty1e o* 1rimin3 also 1roduced a res1onse o* hi3her
cultural intolerance with e8treme 1atriotism5 >owever, very minimal
connections could be drawn between 1atriotism and nationalism when 3oal=
based 1rimin3 was involved, and a relationshi1 between 1atriotism and
intolerance could not be *ound either5 As *or nationalism, it could be
connected to hi3her levels o* intolerance *or both ty1es o* 1rimin35 6hese
results are meant to dis1lay the di0erence between 1atriotism and
nationalism and the inde1endence o* one *rom the other5 6he relationshi1
that can be drawn *rom the two is de1endent on the two *actors that 1rovide
a bac:dro1, essence=based or 3oal=based5 Such e0ects are vital as these
conditions can be used as 1olitical tools to mani1ulate the 1ublic5 6hey
conclude by statin3 how America is better o0 havin3 a common=3oal
*oundation i* it desires to achieve a 1luralistic society5
Reaction
,i and 'rewer?s -200./ ar3ument is convincin3, but their e81eriment has a
sli3ht issue that ta:es away *rom their ar3ument5 6heir subject 1ool is 9uite
small and sli3htly biased as a majority o* the res1ondents were colle3e
students5 & a3ree with their end result because & understand that 1atriotism
and nationalism hold di0erent meanin3s, and because &?ve noticed American
1oliticians 1layin3 with the two conditions in order to 1ursue their own 3oals,
but & still 2nd the e81eriment itsel* lac:in35 6his article su11orts the idea that
1rimin3 does a0ect the American 1ublic and that the 1ublic is vulnerable to
mani1ulation5 >ence, it may be desirable to have a more educated
electorate in order to minimi7e the ne3ative e0ects o* 1rimin3
-mani1ulation/5