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An Introduction to the
Panchanga

The Hindu calendar is called the Panchanga (pacga, pacgam) which means the five
limbs because it deals with five divisions of time (Kla) which are;

1. Msam Lunar Month
2. Paka Lunar Fortnight
3. Tithi Lunar day
4. Vra Weekday
5. Nakatra Lunar Mansions

The Panchanga or almanac is of the utmost importance as it tells us all the relevant
data that we need for any astrological consideration. A working knowledge of astrology
is considered the sine-qua-non of every educated Hindu. There is a verse which says;

Caturaga balo rj jagatim vaam nayet |
aham pacga balavn ka vaam nayet ||

'With the strength of the four-fold army the king conquers the earth,
but I, armed with the panchangam conquer the regions of space !'




VEDIC CYCLES OF TIME

Time in West is considered to be linear and is measured in the order of seconds, minutes,
hours, days, weeks, fortnights (biweekly), months, years, decades and centuries. Though
scientists divide seconds into milli, micro or nano seconds, the nomenclature still
assumes a second as the basic unit.

According to the Surya Siddhanta, the smallest measurement of time is Trui,

The time taken to push a pin through a padma patra (lotus leaf) with a needle is called
Trui which is equivalent to one 3, 240, 000
th
part of a second.

60 such Truis are equal to one Reu, 54,000
th
part of a second.
60 Reu comprise one Lava, 900
th
part of a second.
60 Lavas make one Lkaka. one 15
th
of a second.

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60 Lkakas equal to one Pra, 4 seconds long.
6 Pra are equal to one Vighai. 24 seconds long.
60 Vighais make Ghai, 24 minutes.
60 Ghais are equal to one Stellar day,
60 Ghais of the Hindu system are equal to 24 hours of the Western system.
30 stellar days make one Nakatra Msam (month).

1 trui

= 0.3,240,000 sec
60 trui = 1 reu = 0.54,000 sec
60 reu = 1 lava = .900 sec
60 lava = 1 lkaka = .15 sec
60 lkaka = 1 pra = 4 secs
6 pra = 1 vighai = 24 secs

1 nimea blink = 0.01777 secs
15 nimeas = 1 kh = 0.2666 sec
30 khs = 1 kal = 8 secs
30 kals = 1 kaa = 4 mins
6 kaa = 1 vighai (palas) = 24 secs

60 vighai (palas) = 1 ghai = 24 mins
2 ghais = 1 muhrta = 48 mins
30 muhurtas = 1 ahortra = 24 hours
15 ahortr = 1 paka = 1 fortnight
2 paka = 1 msam = 1 month
2 msam = 1 tu = season
3 tus = 1 ayana = 1 solstice
2 ayanas = 1 vara = 1 solar year
4,320,000 vara = 1 mah-yuga = 4,320,000
1000 mah-yugas = 1 kalpa = 4,320,000,000 yrs

1 vara (human year) = 1 day & night of the devas
30 human years = 1 month of the devas
360 human years = 1 year of the devas



The Four Ages catur-yuga

Yuga varni sandhya sandhyamsa deva years human years
satya yuga 4000 400 400 4800 years. 1,728,000
treta yuga 3000 300 300 3600 years 1,296,000
dvapara yuga 2000 200 200 2400 years 864,000
kali yuga 1000 100 100 1200 years. 432,000

12,000 4,320,000



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Brahma's Lifespan

1 mah-yuga = 4,320,000 human years
71 mah yugas = 1 manvantara* = 306,720,000
human years
14 manvantaras = 1 kalpa (day of brahma) =
4,320,000,000 yrs (= 1000 mah-yugas + 6
mahyuga sandhis)

Each Day of Brahma lasts for 360 Kalpas.
Brahmas life span is 100 years which is 36,000
Kalpas!
50 years of Brahmas life = parrdha
Brahma has completed 50 years and has now
entered into the 1st day of the 51st year.
The last day was known as Padma kalpa and the
first day is called veta-varha kalpa


* Each manvantara is a period of time ruled over by a being known as a Manu:-

There is a projection of the universe (shi) at the morning of every day of Brahma and
a dissolution (pralaya) at the coming of the night which is of equal duration.



Cosmological Proportions:

World Ruler
1 planetary system = 1 brahma vara
7 brahmas = 1 jagat hari
1000 jagats = 1 viva hara
15,000,000 vivas = 1 mah-viva parevara.
80
16
mah-viva = 1 loka paramevara
10
16
lokas = 1 mah loka mahevara
10
16
mahlokas = 1 samsra viu.




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! / !

VRA/VSARA the week day

The Vedic day is reckoned from sunrise to sunrise and is divided into two halves;

Dina-mnam the period from sunrise to sunset
Rtri-mnam the period from sunset to sunrise

The days of the week are named after their ruling planets:

Day Planet Sanskrit name Deity
Sunday Sun Ravi-vram Sun
Monday Moon Soma- vram Shiva
Tuesday Mars Magala- vram Karttikeya
Wednesday Mercury Budha- vram Vishnu
Thursday Jupiter Guru- vram Guru
Friday Venus ukra- vram Lakshmi/Durga
Saturday Saturn Sani- vram Vishnu/Hanuman



RI the Zodiac

For the purposes of Astrological calculations the sky is symbolically imagined as a band
surrounding the earth. This band of the Zodiac is divided into 12 equal divisions or 30
degrees known as the Ri-cakra. It takes the Sun one month to pass through each
Ri and it takes the moon about 2 days. The Ri that the Moon occupies at the time
of birth is known as the Janma- Ri or 'Birth-sign' and is the most important factor of
the birth Hindu astrology is moon-based.



MSA The Months
A month is defined by Hindus in four different ways, the 2 important ones being:

! LUNAR. The time between two consecutive New Moons (amavsya) is called lunar
month, and it consists of 30 lunar tithis. Some places in India calculate the month
from one Full Moon (prima) to the next. The names of the lunar months are those
of the lunar mansion (nakatra) of the full moon day of that particular month. The
moon is a powerful transmitter of solar energy as it is the closest of the heavenly

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bodies to the earth, and as such the lunar month is the most precise and is used for
the religious calendar.

! SOLAR. The zodiac has 360 degrees. The time taken by the sun to travel 1 degree of
this zodiac is called one solar day. 30 such solar days combine to make one solar
month. The sun's movement thru' one Rasi (sign) is completed on one solar month
which is also referred to as one Sakramana. Thus Sun's passage thru' Mesha is
called Mea Sakramana or Sakrnti.

Sakrntis are considered very special days for spiritual activities material activities
are generally to be avoided. Special significance is given to donations, gifts and charity
as well as making water offerings to the ancestors (tarpana) and visiting temples or
places of pilgrimage or generally performing any yoga.

Makara-Sakrnti is the most important of all the Sankrantis and a bath in the Ganges
on this day is especially meritorious. This is the day on which the Sun begins its
Northerly Course (Uttaryaa) for six months.



Zodiac Sign Symbol Gregorian Months Solar Month Lunar Months
Aries
A
April-May Mesha Caitra
Taurus
B
May-June Vrabha Vaikha
Gemini
C
June-July Mithuna Jyeha
Cancer
D
July-August Karka ha
Leo
E
August-September Siha rvaa
Virgo
F
September-October Kany Bhdrapada
Libra
G
October-November Tul vina
Scorpio
H
November-December Vrcika Krtika
Sagittarius
I
December-January Dhanu Mrgara
Capricorn
J
January-February Makara Puya
Aquarius
K
February-March Kumbha Mgha
Pisces
L
March-April Mna Phlguna



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"&
NAKATRA Lunar mansions
This is one of the most important divisions of time.

The wheel of the Zodiac is further sub-divided into 27 equal parts known as Lunar
mansions, Constellations or Nakatra. In addition to these 27 there is a shadowy one
called Abhijita but it's exact significance is a mystery and therefore never included. The
Sun takes 13 to 14 days to pass through one Nakatra, but transgresses through Abhijita
in 4 days. The Moon passes through each Nakatra in approximately one day.

They are used for:
! obtaining a snapshot of the birth chart of an individual.
! compatibility assessment of 2 individuals
! calculating the most appropriate days for specific undertakings.
! for determining the birth dates of sages and gurus


NAKATRA CHART

Degree
from o

Ruler Deity Species Direction Quality Nature
1 13.20
Avini
ketu dastra deva forward good gentle
2 20.40
Bharai
Venus Yama human down bad cruel
3 40.00
Krttika
Sun Agni titan down bad mixed
4 53.20
Rohini
Moon Brahma man upward good steady
5 66.40
Mrgaira
Mars Candra deva forward good excellent
6 80.00
rdra
Rahu Siva human upward average harsh
7 93.20
Punarvasu
Jupiter Aditi deva forward average movable
8 106.40
Puya
Saturn Guru deva upward good gentle
9 120.00
Alea
Merc. Sarpa titan down bad harsh
10 133.20
Magha
Ketu Pitri titan down good mixed
11 146.40
P.Phalguni
Venus Bhaga human down average cruel
12 160.00
U.Phalguni
Sun Aryama human upward good steady
13 173.20
Hasta
Moon Ravi deva forward good gentle
14 186.40
Citra
Mars Tvastra titan forward good excellent
15 200.00
Svti
Rahu Vayu deva forward good movable
16 213.20
Vikha
Jupiter Indragni titan down average mixed
17 226.40
Anurdha
Saturn Mitra deva forward good excellent
18 240.00
Jyeha
Merc. Indra titan forward average harsh

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19 253.20
Mla
Ketu Nairrti titan down good harsh
20 266.40
P.ha
Venus Udaka human down average cruel
21 280.00
U.ha
Sun Visvedeva human upward good steady
22 293.20
rvana
Moon Vishnu deva upward good movable
23 306.40
Dhaniha
Mars Vasu titan upward good movable
24 320.00
atatrak
Rahu Varuna titan upward average movable
25 333.20
P.Bhdra
Jupiter Ajacara human down average cruel
26 346.40
U.Bhdra
Saturn Ahirbudnya human upward good steady
27 360.00
Revati
Merc. Pusha deva forward good excellent

* P in the above chart stands for PURVA which means the 'fore'
U Stands for UTTARA which means 'latter' activities are undertaken with the following
considerations:

subha;
[auspicious]
marriage, entering new home, etc..
asubha;
[inauspicious]
no auspicious undertakings are done
madhyama;
[middling]
nothing specific.
steady; construction of buildings, buying property, planting, coronations etc.
movable; travelling, recreation, joy-rides etc
excellent; parties, social activities, anything to do with clothes and adornment.
gentle; borrowing -lending, gifting, painting, study of mantra and tantra.
mixed; Pujas and fire-sacrifices;
cruel & harsh all evil activities and black magic.
upwards; building and construction work.
downwards; digging wells, excavating, planting gardens, digging pools and tanks.
forewards; travelling, sailing, riding.

N.B. PUSHYA is considered the Nakatram par-excellence for all activities except
marriage.

Each Nakatram consists of 4 divisions called PDAS and each has a letter of the
alphabet associated with it. When a child is born the Nakatram is calculated to the
exact Pada and the child is given a name beginning with that letter.

Pacaka - these are the last five Nakatras from Dhaniha to Revati. During this
period cremation of the dead is forbidden. The corpse may be buried or cremated
only after certain rituals are performed in order to protect the family from further
deaths. Nowadays it is feasible to have the cremation delayed.


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Naksatra Chart of Recommended Activities


Avini
Buying or wearing of new clothes, ornaments, animal husbandry,
farming, study, tonsure ceremony, initiations, simanta and consecration
of icons.
Bharai
digging of wells, tanks. pools etc. dealings with weapons, dealing with
mathematics,
Krttika
dealing with weapons, war, conflict, making potions, establishing the
sacred fires.
Rohini
dealing with clothing and ornaments; weddings, entering a new home,
initiations.
Mrgaira
animal husbandry, shaving, hair cutting, marriages, initiations,
consecration/dedication of homes, shops and factories.
rdra
dealings with flags, conflict, weapons, tents, juices.
Punarvasu
dealings with conveyances and vehicles, riding, clothing, grains,
ornaments, shaving, hair cutting, consecration/dedication of homes,
shops and factories, and initiations.
Puya
Travel, entering new home, all auspicious functions and activities
(except marriage), taking vows.
Alea
lottery, having fights, conflict, preparing poisons, telling lies.
Magha
animal husbandry, planting, sowing, buying and selling, marriage,
parties, dancing and singing.
P.Phalguni
making conflict, dealing with weapons, commerce in meat, making
poisons.
U.Phalguni
Clothing, ornaments, weddings, taking vows, entering new houses,
consecration/ dedication of homes, shops and factories,
Hasta
vehicles and conveyances, clothing, study, marriages, initiations,
consecration/ dedication of homes, shops and factories.
Citra
vehicles and conveyances, clothing, study, marriages, initiations,
consecration/ dedication of homes, shops and factories.
Svti
animal husbandry, gardening, vehicles and conveyances, clothing,
study, marriages, initiations, consecration/ dedication of homes, shops
and factories.
Vikha
clothing, ornaments, grains, business dealings, stone-carving and
masonry work, metal work, entertaining, correspondence and writing.

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Anurdha
animal husbandry, clothing, ornaments, marriages, taking vows,
consecration/ dedication of homes, shops and factories.
Jyeha
weaponry, tonsure, business dealings, water works, art and metal work,
singing and dancing.
Mla
marriages, gardening, business dealings, wood-work, war, recreation,
preparing and taking medication and treatment, correspondence and
writing.
P.ha
making conflict, dealing with weapons, commerce in meat, making
poisons.
U.ha
Clothing, ornaments, weddings, taking vows, entering new houses,
consecration/dedication of homes, shops and factories,
rvana
vehicles and conveyances, medications & treatment, construction
work.
Dhaniha
entering new homes, clothing, ornaments, consecration/dedication of
homes, shops and factories, initiations.
atatrak
entering new home, taking medication and treatments, riding horses,
tonsure, consecration/dedication of homes, shops and factories.
P.Bhdra
making conflict, dealing with weapons, commerce in meat, making
poisons.
U.Bhdra
Clothing, ornaments, weddings, taking vows, entering new houses,
consecration/dedication of homes, shops and factories.
Revati
animal husbandry, clothing, ornaments, marriages, taking vows,
consecration/dedication of homes, shops and factories.



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!
SAMVATSARA The Year

There is a cycle of 60 years which is ever recurring. The optimum age of the human is 60 x
2 = 120 years. There are sixty years of 360 days in one complete cycle of Jupiter known as a
Mandala from the time Jupiter enters into Aries (15 March 1964 22 April 2023). This is
not an exact measurement of time because Jupiter tends be retrograde sometimes. The cycles
differ from North to South.


Samvatsara S. India N. India

Samvatsara S. India N. India
1 prabhava '87-'88 '74-'75 31 hemalamba 18-19 '04-'05
2 vibhava '88-'89 '75-'76 32 vilambi 19-20 '05-'06
3 ukla '89-'90 '76-'77 33 vikri 20-21 '06-'07
4 pramodta '90-'91 '77-'78 34 rvari 21-22 '07-'08
5 prajotpatti '91-'92 '78-'79 35 plava 22-23 '08-'09
6 ngirasa '92-'93 '79-'80 36 ubhakt 23-24 '09-'10
7 rmukha '93-'94 '80-'81 37 obhakt 24-25 '10-'11
8 bhava '94-'95 '81-'82 38 krodhi 25-26 '12-'13
9 yuva '95-'96 '82-'83 39 vivavsu 26-27 '13-'14
10 dhtu '96-'97 '83-'84 40 parbhava 27-28 '14-'15
11 vara '97-'98 '84-'85 41 plavanga 28-29 '15-'16
12 bahudhnya '98-'99 '85-'86 42 klaka 29-30 '16-'17
13 pramthi '99-2000 '86-'87 43 saumya 30-31 '17-'18
14 vikrama 2000-'01 '87-'88 44 Sdhraa 31-32 18-19
15 Va (viu) '01-'02 '88-'89 45 virodhikta 32-33 19-20
16 citrabhnu '02-'03 '89-'90 46 partpi 33-34 20-21
17 svabhnu '03-'04 '90-'91 47 pramdca 34-35 21-22
18 Traa '04-'05 '91-'92 48 nanda 35-36 22-23
19 prthiva '05-'06 '92-'93 49 rkasa 36-37 23-24
20 vyaya '06-'07 '93-'94 50 nala 37-38 24-25
21 sarvajit '07-'08 '94-'95 51 pingala 38-39 25-26
22 sarvadhri '08-'09 '95-'96 52 klayukti 39-40 26-27
23 virodhi '09-'10 '96-'97 53 siddhrthi 40-41 27-28
24 vikti '10-'11 '97-'98 54 raudri 41-42 28-29
25 khara '12-'13 '98-'99 55 durmati 42-43 29-30
26 nandana '13-'14 '99-2000 56 dundubhi 43-44 30-31
27 jaya '14-'15 2000-'01 57 rudhirotgri 44-45 31-32
28 vijaya '15-'16 '01-'02 58 raktktki 45-46 32-33
29 manthana '16-'17 '02-'03 59 krodhana 46-47 33-34
30 durmukhi '17-'18 '03-'04 60 akaya 47- 48 34-35


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"
AYANA The Solstices

The year is divided into two halves. Each 6 month period is called an ayana and is
based upon the movement of the Sun.

The uttara-ayana or Northern solstice begins with the Sun's entry into the Sign of
Capricorn and ends with Gemini.
The dakshina-ayana or Southern solstice begins with Sun's entrance into Cancer and
ends with Sagittarius.

Six months of human time are equal to one day in the gods realm. So one human year
is equal to one day of the gods. The northern solstice being their day and the southern
solstice is their night.

The month of Margashirsha is the holy period which is the early morning pre-dawn of
the gods and is thus a sacred month mentioned by Krishna as being especially
representative of Himself.

Because the Southern solstice is the night of the gods, orthodox Hindus will not get
married or perform consecrations of temples and other such major religious function
during this 6 month period. In The Mahabharata grandsire Bhishma postponed his death,
lying on a bed of arrows he waited until the Sun entered the sign of Sagittarius and then
left his body.



PAKA The Lunar Fortnights
The lunar month is made up of two fortnights called Paka.

The first is ukla-Paka the 'bright-half' or Waxing Moon which commences from the
first day after the New Moon [Amavsya] and lasts until the Full Moon.
The second is ka-paka the 'dark-half' or Waning Moon which commences the first
day after the Full Moon [Purnima] and last until the New Moon.

The Moon is growing stronger or waxing during the Bright fortnight reaching its
peak strength when it is opposite the Sun at Full-Moon. This is considered as a good
period to start new undertakings and to do all auspicious work. The Moon is waning or
growing weaker during the Dark Fortnight and reaches its weakest point when in
conjunction with the Sun at New Moon (Amavasya). The ka-paka is considered an
inauspicious time in general although there are a few good days.

In the spiritual realm of the ancestors, one of our months equals one day and so the
Bright fortnight is considered to be a day for the ancestors and the Dark fortnight is the

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night. Amavasya is the dawn in the realm of the departed spirits and thus is a good time
for worshipping the ancestors.



TITHI Lunar Day
On the New Moon [Amavsya] each month the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction. The
Moon moves faster than the Sun and is always ahead of it. The time that it takes the Moon to
travel 12 degrees ahead of the Sun is known as a Tithi. Thus the Moon completes a round of
the Zodiac in one month. Each Tithi is associated with a ruling deity and the deity concerned
is usually worshipped on the specific Tithi.

Tithi Name Ruler Deity
Amavasya Pitara Pitara
1 pratipada Agni Brahma
2 dvitya Brahma Tvashtra
3 tritya Gauri Hari
4 caturthi Ganesha Kla
5 pacami Nagas Soma
6 i Subrahmanya Ashvina
7 saptami Surya Vasu
8 aami Sani Siva
9 navami Durga Yama
10 daami Yama Rudra
11 ekdai Vishnu Vayu
12 dvdai Vishnu Kama
13 trayodai Kama Ananta
14 caturdasi Siva Vishvedeva
Purnima Candra Candra



RITU The Seasons

Ritu Season Zodiac Sign Western
vasanta blossom Aries & Taurus spring
ghrma summer Gemini & Cancer summer
vara monsoon Leo & Virgo
sarat autumn Libra & scorpio autumn
himanta winter Sagittarius & Capricorn winter
iira spring Pisces & Aquarius

These seasons are different in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Subtle Sub-divisions of Time.

YOGA Conjunction.
The Yoga refers to the crossing of the paths of the Sun and the Moon. The daily pace of
the Sun is 59' 8" and that of the Moon 790' 35", every 800' a Yoga or Conjunction takes
place. There are 27 Yogas and their properties are indicated by their names. The
inauspicious time period is given in brackets.


*1 viakmbha jar of poison [first 1 hour & 17"]
2 prti beloved
3 ayuman longevity
4 saubhgya prosperity
5 obhana beauty
*6 atigand tainted [first 2 hours 24"]
7 sukarma good deed
8
dhti
steady
*9 la trident [first 2 hours]
*10 ganda marked [first 2 hours 24"]
11 vridhi progress
12 dhruva permanent
*13 vyaghta hindrance [first 3/4 hours]
14 Haraa happy
*15 vajra thunderbolt [first hour and 17"]
16 siddhi success
*17 vyatipta calamity
18 variyna better
*19 parigha obstruction [first 1/2hour]
20 iva auspiciousness
21 sidhi accomplishment
22 sdhya achievement
23 ubha good
24 ukla fair
25 Brahm creator
26 indra king
*27
vaidhti
tragedy


AMITA SIDDHI YOGA Combinations of great success.
Day Nakshatra Negating factor Forbidden
1. Sunday Hasta pacami

2. Monday mriga ahi

3. Tuesday Avini saptami Grha praveam
4. Wednesday Anurdha Ahami

5. Thursday Pushya navami vivha

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6. Friday Revati daami

7. Saturday Rohini ekdai ytra


KU-YOGAS Negative combinations

Day Mtyu Dag!a Yama Ghanta
1. Sunday Anurdha dvdai magha
2. Monday Uttarha ekdai vikha
3. Tuesday atatraka pacami ardra
4. Wednesday Avini ttiya mula
5. Thursday mriga ahi krittika
6. Friday lesha Ahami rohini
7. Saturday hasta navami hasta


Yamagha a
On these days the consecration of temples or pratishtha of images should not be done
otherwise great misfortune will follow. Entering a new home or travelling should also be
avoided at all costs. If a child is born during this period Shanti Homa must be
performed.





Other Indication for Shanti Homa

1. Child born during yamaghanta.
2. Last two hours of Jyeshta and the first two of Mula.
3. First 3 padas of Mula bring harm to father, mother, property respectively.
4. Krishna paksa 3rd + Tuesday 10th + Saturday
5. Shukla paksa 14th + Wednesday
6. Last 3 padas of Aslesha harm property, mother, father respectively.



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KARANA half Lunar Day
A karana is half a lunar day or tithi - they are 11 in number and are supposed to be
taken into consideration in the planning of any major undertaking, but in actuality they
are ignored. They are as follows;

1. Bhava good for works of permanent nature
2. Blava
3. kaulava
4. taitila good for marriage
5. gara poison
6. vanija merchant
7. viibhadra hire ?
8. akuni good for certain types of mantras
9. catupda fourfooted
10. nga inauspicious
11. kimstughna.

The first 7 come by
rotation 8 times in a
lunar month, starting with
the second half of the
first lunar day. The last 4
are considered to be
permanent karanas and
occur in order with the
second half of the 29th
lunar day.



Muhrta
A muhrta technically means a period of 48 minutes [2 ghatis] - there are 30
muhrtas /day.

Diurnal Muhurta Effect Nocturnal Muhurta Effect
1 0600 - 0648 Rudra - 16 1800 - 1848 Girisa -
2 0648 - 0736 Ahi - 17 1848 - 1936 Ajapda -
3 0736 - 0824 Mitra + 18 1936 - 2024 Ahirbudnya +
4 0824 - 0912 Pitru - 19 2024 - 2112 P +
5 0912 - 1000 Vasu + 20 2112 - 2200 Avini +
6 1000 - 1048 Vara + 21 2200 - 2248 Yama -
7 1048 - 1136 Vivedeva + 22 2248 - 2336 Agni -
8 1136 - 1224 Vidhi + 23 2336 - 2424 Vidht +
9 1224 - 1312 atamukhi + 24 2424 - 0112 Chanda +
10 1312 - 1400 Puruhuta - 25 0112 - 0200 Aditi +
11 1400 - 1448 Vahni - 26 0200 - 0248 Jva +
12 1448 - 1536 Naktancara - 27 0248 - 0336 Vi +
13 1536 - 1624 Varua + 28 0336 - 0424 Yumigadyuti +
14 1624 - 1712 Aryama + 29 0424 - 0512 Brahma +
15 1712 - 1800 Bhaga - 30 0512 - 0600 Samudram +


When it is not possible to access a computer to calculate the nakshatra and lagna
(ascendant sign) and other astrological data one can decide an auspicious time by simply
taking a good muhurta. To calculate the muhrta the exact length of time from sunrise
to sunset or sunset to sunrise is taken from the daily newspaper and divided by 15, this
gives the duration of the muhrta. The following combinations of weekday, muhrta
should be rejected especially for marriages;

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Saturday + rudra & ahi 0600 0736 Wednesday + abhijit 12:00 12:30
Sunday + aryama 1624 - 1712 Thursday + naktancara 1448 - 1536
Monday + vidhi 1136 - 1224 Friday + pitru 0824 - 0912
Tuesday + Pitru 0824 - 0912

Daily Inauspicious Times

English Sanskrit Rhu-Klam yama-ghaa guli-klam Ku-muhurta
Sunday Ravivra 1630h - 1800h 1200h - 1330h 1500h - 1630h 1624 - 1712
Monday Somvra 0730h - 0900h 1030h - 1200h 1330h - 1500h 1136 - 1224
Tuesday Mangalvra 1500h - 1630h 0900h - 1030h 1200h - 1330h 0824 - 0912
Wednesday Budhavra 1200h - 1330h 0730h - 0900h 1030h - 1200h 1200 - 12:30
Thursday Guruvra 1330h - 1500h 0600h - 0730h 0900h - 1030h 1448 - 1536
Friday Sukravra 1030h - 1200h 1500h - 1630h 0730h - 0900h 0824 - 0912
Saturday Sanivra 0900h - 1030h 1430h - 1500h 0600h - 0730h 0600 - 0736

Summary of Inauspicious Times

Weekday Morning Afternoon
Sunday
1200h 1330 YG 1600h 1800 RK
Monday
0730h 0900 RK 1130 1230 KM
Tuesday
0900 1030 YG 1500h 1630 RK
Wednesday
0730 0900 YG 1200h 1330 RK
Thursday
1330h 1500 RK
Friday
0824 0912 KM 1030h 1200 RK
Saturday
0600 0736 KM 0900h - 1030h RK 1430h 1500 YG


Srya Nryaa


Lord Vishnu is also identified with the Sun as the Self of the universe. The Sun is the
controller of time and seasons and is the preserving force as well as the destroying force
of the Universe. Lord Narayana is the Sun, the Lord of Time, He manifests Himself in
12 forms during the course of the year known as the Adityas the Sons-of-the-
primordial-vastness, each with 6 associates as follows;

Month Aditya Apsara Rkasa Nga Yaka Rishi Gandharva
Caitra Dht Ktasthali Heti Vsuki Rathakt Pulastya Tumburu
Vaiakha Aryama Punjikasthali Praheti Kacanira Athaujas Pulaha Narada
Jyeha Mitra Menaka Paurueya Takaka Rathasvan Atri Haha
ha Varuna Rambha Citrasvana Sukra Sahajanya Vasiha Huhu
rvaa Indra Pramloca Varya Elpatra Srot Angirasa Visvvasu
Bhdra Vivasvn Anumloca Vyghra Sankhapla srana Bhrigu Ugrasena
Mgha Pa Ghritci Vta Dhananjaya Suruci Gautama Suea

Introduction to Panchanga Rami Sivan 2009

17
Phlguna Parjanya Senjit Varcas Airvata Kratu Bharadvja Visva
Mrga Amu Urvai Vidyucatru Mahankha Trka Kayapa Ritasena
Puya Bhaga Prvacitti Sphurja Karkoaka Urna yu Arihanemi
vina Tvaha Tilottama Brahmpeta Kambala atajit Jamadagni Dhritarra
Krtika Viu Rambha Makhpeta Avatara Satyajit Vivamitra Sryavarcas

The Ngas bind the wheels of the chariot, the Yakas harness the horses, the Rakasas
push the chariot from behind, the Gandharvas sing and the Apsaras dance before the
chariot.

The Sun is the pivot of creation, it represents the limit, the point where the manifest and
the unmanifest worlds unite. (Chandogya Up. 3.19.1.[133]) It is for us the gateway to the
path of the gods. As the source of all life in our universe as well as light, physical,
mental and spiritual the sun is the nearest image we can conceive of for the Supreme
Divinity. The Sun is the source of the world in which we live. All that exists was born
from the sun. [135]

The sun consists of a fire that consumes its own substance, and thus it is identified with
the cosmic sacrifice.
He who dwells in humans and the sun is the same. Taittiriya Up, 2.8.

As our inner self the sun is always directing our minds and inner faculties just as it
directs all our vital cycles. This is why the Sun is known as Savitar the Impeller.

Srya Nryaa has four wives;
1. Knowledge (samja also known as Suvarcala the Resplendant),
2. Light, (Jyoti)
3. shade, (Chaya)
4. Sovereignty. (Raji)


The Adityas represent the sovereign principles, the personification of the laws that rule
the universe and society. They are the pre-existent principles upon which the Universe is
based. They are born from Aditi which means the "Primordial Vastness", the totality
the first Goddess, mother of all creation.



Current Cosmic Time

dvitya parrdhe second half of Brahmas life span
veta-varha kalpe The Kalpa of the white Boar
vaivasvata manvantare during the manvantara ruled by the 7th Manu
Aha-vimatitame 28th Maha-yuga
kali yuge with 426,895 years to go until the next pralaya
prathama pde 1st quarter