KS3 Physics revision questions 3 - Energy Resources, Energy Transfers, Light, Sound

Level 6 Questions
!" Light shines onto a ball. Naomi is looking at the ball.

(a) Describe how light from the lamp lights up the ball and makes it visible to Naomi.
.........the ball scatters the light from the bulb ..................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks

(b) (i) Naomi uses different colours of light and different coloured balls.
Complete the table to show the colours that the balls appear to Naomi. red
green
c o l o u r o f # a l l
c o l o u r o f t h e
l i g h t
t h e c o l o u r t h e
# a l l a $ $ e a r s t o
% a o & i
g r e e n
w h i t e r e d
w h i t e
2 marks
(ii) Wh does a black ob!ect appear black in an light"
Ballard School 1
.dosent reflect
ligh ............................................................................................
# mark

(c) Choose from the following terms to complete the sentences below.
less than equal to greater than
$t a plane mirror% the angle of incidence is & equal to &&..&
the angle of reflection. 'he distance from the ob!ect to the mirror is
& equal to &&..&. the apparent distance from the mirror to the image.
2 marks

(d) $ beam of white light shines onto a sheet of white paper. $n identical beam of
light shines onto a mirror. 'he light is scattered from the paper and reflected from
the mirror.
Describe how scattering b paper and reflection b a mirror are different from
each other.
.............................the mirror has a smooth and shin surface while the paper has
a rough surface ...................................................
'he light is sactered from the paper...........................................................
..the light is reflected from the mirror.........................................
2 marks
(a)imum * marks

'" $ ra of #lue light falls on a glass prism as shown in the diagram.
r a o f b l u e
l i g h t
g l a s s
p r i s m
w h i t e
s c r e e n

(a) +n the diagram% draw the path of the #lue ra through the prism and from
the prism to the screen. ,se a ruler.
2 marks
Ballard School 2

(b) 'he blue ra is replaced b a ra of (hite light.
(i) What would ou now see on the screen"
..the seven colours in a spectrum ............
# mark

$ red filter is placed between the prism and the screen.
(ii) What would ou now see on the screen"
...............red light ......................................................................
.............................................................................................................
# mark
(iii) -)plain how the red filter causes the change.
....it will absorb the all the other colours letting the red light
through ............................................
.............................................................................................................
# mark
(a)imum . marks
Ballard School 3
)" 'he diagram below shows the shapes and positions of five glass ob!ects.
/ 0 1 2 '
m i r r o r s 3 u a r e b l o c k s
o f g l a s s
t r i a n g u l a r p r i s m s
4arriet put a s3uare of black card on top of each glass ob!ect.
2he shone a ra of red light onto each ob!ect.
r a o f l i g h t
c a r d p l a c e d o v e r o b ! e c t

'he diagrams below show the ras of light going under the cards and coming out again.
Which ob!ect is under each card" Write the correct letter below each diagram.
+ne has been done for ou.
5 marks
'
prism
Ballard School 4
( a ) ( b )
( c ) ( d )
(a)imum 5 marks

*+" (a) (i) $ir contains nitrogen.
6n the bo) below draw five circles% % to show the arrangement of particles in
nitrogen gas.
# mark

(ii) 7eena carries a personal emergenc alarm.
6t uses nitrogen gas to produce a ver loud sound.
Ballard School 5
'he nitrogen gas in the container is under much higher pressure than the
nitrogen gas in the air.
4ow does the arrangement of nitrogen particles change when the gas is
under higher pressure"
...........the gas particles are closer to getther.
.............................................................................................................
# mark

(b) ,se words from the bo)es below to complete the sentence.
g r e a t e r t h a n l e s s t h a n t h e s a & e a s
'he rate at which the nitrogen particles hit the inside of the container is ..greater..
the rate at which nitrogen particles hit the outside of the container.
# mark

(c) 7eena pushes the lid down and nitrogen gas escapes through the diaphragm.
'he diaphragm vibrates and produces a sound.
'he pattern on the oscilloscope screen below represents the soundwave
produced b the alarm.
Ballard School 6
(i) 'he loudness of the sound produced b the alarm decreases between 8
and 9.
4ow can ou tell this from the graph"
. the amplitude decreases .
.............................................................................................................
# mark

(ii) 'he pitch of the sound produced b the alarm stas the same between 8
and 9.
4ow can ou tell this from the graph"
...the wave length remains the same ..
.............................................................................................................
# mark
ma)imum . marks
Ballard School 7
*" 'he diagram shows a ra of light hitting the surface of a mirror made from thick glass.
'he incident ra is both reflected and refracted.
i n c i d e n t
r a
g l a s s m i r r o r
$
:
C
D

(a) (i) ;ive the letters of the t(o reflected ras.
.....a.......... and ........c.......
# mark

(ii) ;ive the letter of one refracted ra.
...d......
# mark
Ballard School 8
(b) 'he incident ra is brighter than ra $.
;ive one reason for this.
...not all light is reflected...
.....................................................................................................................
# mark
ma)imum < marks

**" =ossil fuels are used to generate electricit% but over half of the world>s population
uses biomass as a fuel.
(a) What is ?biomass>% which is used as a fuel"
.... renewable energ resource...............
.......which..can be got again........................................
# mark

(b) :iomass and fossil fuels are both energ resources. What is the original
source of this energ"
.....it is got from dead plants and animals.................
......................................................................................................................
# mark

(c) ;ive the names of three fossil fuels which are often burned to generate electricit.
#. .....oil.....
2. .biomass....
<. coal
# mark
Ballard School 9
(d) =ossil fuels are often described as non@renewable energ resources.
-)plain wh the are called ?non@renewable>.
..the cannot be got again...
......................................................................................................................
# mark

(e) 'here are advantages and disadvantages of burning different fuels.
(i) ;ive one advantage of using biomass rather than fossil fuel as an
energ resource.
...both renewable and non renewable ......................
.............................................................................................................
# mark

(ii) ;ive one advantage of using fossil fuel rather than biomass as an
energ resource.
....wood because it can be got again ....
.............................................................................................................
# mark

(iii) ;ive one disadvantage of using both fossil fuel and biomass.
.....causes pollution.......
.............................................................................................................
# mark
(a)imum A marks
Ballard School 10
*3" (a) Bac3uie has a mobile phone. -nerg is stored in the batter of the phone.
'he drawing shows the batter being charged.

(i) Which energ transfer takes place in the batter as it is being charged" 'ick
the correct bo).
chemical to sound sound to thermal
electrical to chemical thermal to electrical
# mark

(ii) When the batter is full charged% Bac3uie unplugs the phone.
Which energ transfers take place when the mobile phone rings"
'ick the correct bo).
chemical to electrical to sound
electrical to chemical to sound
kinetic to electrical to sound
thermal to electrical to sound
# mark
Ballard School 11
(b) Bac3uie can change the ring@tone of her phone.
'he diagrams below show the patterns made b four sound waves on an
oscilloscope screen.
'he are all drawn to the same scale.

Write the letter of the sound wave that matches each of the descriptions below.
(i) a loud sound with a low pitch ...3..........
(ii) a 3uiet sound with a high pitch .......r..........
(iii) a loud sound with a high pitch .....p........
< marks
(a)imum . marks
Ballard School 12
*," 'he photograph shows some pupils in a log car on a theme@park ride.

'he drawing below shows the ride.
'he letters $% :% C% D% - and = show different points along the track.
s t a r t
$
:
C
D
- = w a t e r
b u m p e r
f i n i s h
c a r
'he car starts from $ and travels to =% where it stops b hitting a bumper.
$t - the car enters a trench filled with water.

(a) (i) $t which t(o points does the car have no kinetic energ"
;ive the t(o correct letters.
....a...... and .e.......
# mark
Ballard School 13
(ii) $t which point does the car have the &ost gravitational potential energ"
;ive the correct letter.
...b........
# mark

(iii) $t which point does the car have so&e kinetic energ and the least
gravitational potential energ"
;ive the correct letter.
...d.......
# mark

(b) (i) 'he cars are not powered b a motor.
What force causes the cars to move along the track from : to C"
........... gravitational potential energ...
# mark

(ii) When a car splashes through the water at -% it slows down.
What force acts on the car to slow it down"
.......friction.........
# mark

(c) Complete the sentence below b choosing from the following words.
c h e & i c a l g r a v i t a t i o n a l $ o t e n t i a l - i n e t i c
l i g h t s o u n d t h e r & a l
When the car hits the bumper at =% its ....kinetic..... energ
is transferred into .....thermal......... energ and
.......sound.... energ.
< marks
ma)imum C marks
Ballard School 14

*." 'he drawing below shows a garden water feature. 6t is solar@powered.
'he solar cell absorbs energ from the 2un.
'he solar cell is connected to a motor in the bowl.
'he motor drives a pump.
Water is pumped up to the !ug and it flows back down to the bowl.

(a) ,se the information above to help ou to complete the following sentences.
Choose words from the list.
c h e & i c a l e l e c t r i c a l
g r a v i t a t i o n a l
$ o t e n t i a l
- i n e t i c
l i g h t s o u n d t h e r & a l

(i) 'he useful energ change in the solar cell is from
light to ...electrical ... energ.
# mark

(ii) 'he useful energ change in the motor is from
electrical energ to ....kinetic......... energ.
# mark

(iii) $s the water flows from the !ug to the bowl .....kinetic......... energ is
changed into .................................... energ.
2 marks

Ballard School 15
(b) ;ive one advantage and one disadvantage of using a solar cell to power the
water feature.
advantage ..renewable source of energ................
.............................................................................................................
# mark
disadvantage ...it will not work at night......
.............................................................................................................
# mark
ma)imum D marks
Ballard School 16
*6" 'he drawings below show Caroline diving into a swimming pool.
$s she falls% gravitational potential energ is changed into kinetic energ.
/
0
1
2
E . . s
E . . s
E . . s
Ballard School 17
(a) Wh does Caroline have no kinetic energ at $"
.she is not moving .........................
................................................................................................................
# mark

(b) 'he table shows Caroline>s gravitational potential energ and kinetic energ at
four stages of the dive.
stage of the dive
total energy
3-45
gravitational
$otential energy
3-45
Kinetic energy
3-45
/ C C E
0 C A #
1 C 5 5
2 C E C

(i) Write the missing kinetic energ value for stage D in the table.
(66) $s Caroline falls there is no loss of energ to the air.
4ow do the energ values for stages $% :% C and D show this"
..the sum of the gravitational $otential energy and the Kinetic energy. 6s
e3ual to the total energy
2 marks

(c) (6) ;ive the name of the force that causes Caroline to speed up as she falls.
.... gravitational $otential energy..
(ii) Caroline takes E.. s to fall from $ to : and from : to C and from C to D.
4ow can ou tell from the drawings that she is speeding up as she falls"
..her bod is in a shape of the arrow causing less air resistance..........
................................................................................................................
2 marks

Ballard School 18
(d) When Caroline enters the water she slows down.
;ive the name of the force that slows her down.
.....friction..........
# mark
ma)imum D marks

*!" (a) $ torch batter is an energ resource. 4ow is the energ stored in a torch
batter"
'ick the correct bo).
as chemical energ
as kinetic energ
as potential energ
as thermal energ
# mark

(b) When a torch is switched on% energ is transferred from the batter to the bulb.
4ow is energ transferred from the batter to the bulb"
'ick the correct bo).
b electricit
b light
b sound
b thermal energ
# mark
Ballard School 19
(c) -nerg is transferred from the torch bulb to the surroundings.
Choose from the following terms to complete the sentences.
electricity light sound ther&al transfer
(i) -nerg is transferred from the torch bulb to the surroundings in a
useful wa b ...... light........
# mark

(ii) 2ome energ is wasted. 'he wasted energ is transferred from the
bulb to the surroundings b ... ther&al transfer.....
# mark

(d) 'he torch is lifted up and put on a high shelf.

-nerg is transferred to the torch as it is lifted up. 'he energ is stored in
the torch while it stas on the shelf.
What energ has the torch gained"
...potential .......... ...................
# mark
(a)imum . marks
Ballard School 20

*'" $ teacher set up the following apparatus behind a safet screen.
2he placed # g of icing sugar in the end of the rubber tubing inside the tin% as shown
below.
r u b b e r
t u b i n g
i c i n g s u g a r
l i d
t i n
c a n d l e

'he teacher blew through the other end of the rubber tubing.
'he icing sugar came into contact with the flame.
'here was a loud e)plosion and the lid was blown off the tin.
(a) Complete the following sentence describing the energ changes which took
place.
........chemical.... energ in the icing sugar changed to
....sound............ energ and .light.......... energ.
< marks

(b) $s a result of the e)plosion% the lid of the tin was pushed off.
-)plain what had happened to the gas molecules inside the tin to make this
happen.
.....there were man gas molecules this made pressure inside to push
the lid of.................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
Ballard School 21
(c) When icing sugar is burned in this e)periment% the gas used and the gas
$roduced are the same as when energ is released from sugar in the cells of the
bod.
(i) Which gas% in the air% is used when the icing sugar burns"
..o)gen ...
# mark

(ii) ;ive the name of the gas $roduced when the icing sugar burns.
...o)gen...........
# mark

(d) 'he table below shows the energ values of four food substances.
food su#stance
energy value, in
-4 $er ++ g
icing sugar #DCE
curr powder *A*
flour #5.E
custard powder D<E
'he teacher repeated the e)periment with # g of custard powder.
What difference would this make to the e)periment"
Would have a smaller e)plosion
.....................................................................................................................
# mark
(a)imum C marks
Ballard School 22
*)" 'he drawings show a weightlifter. 'he stages in weightlifting are labelled $% :% C% D and
-.
/ 0 1 2 E
p r e p a r i n g
l i f t i n g
l i f t e d
f a l l i n g
h i t t i n g
f l o o r

(a) (i) Complete the sentences below.
$s the weights were lifted up% energ was transferred from
the man to the weights. 'his energ had been stored as
potential& energ in the mussels & of
the man>s arms.
2 marks

(ii) 4ow was energ stored in the weights at stage C"
'ick the correct bo).
as chemical energ as elastic energ
as kinetic energ
as gravitational potential
energ
# mark
Ballard School 23
(b) Complete the sentences below.
(i) 6n stage D% as the weights were falling% the energ was transferred
from & kinetic & energ to&potential& energ.
# mark
(ii) 6n stage -% as the weights hit the floor% the energ was transferred
from &&&&&&&&&&& energ to &&&&&&&&&&& energ.
# mark
(a)imum . marks

3+" 'he tides can be used to generate electricit. $ dam is built across a river estuar% as
shown below.
d a m
t u r b i n e s p i n s
t o g e n e r a t e
e l e c t r i c i t
w a t e r l e v e l
w a t e r f l o w
s e a b e d s e a b e d
w a t e r l e v e l

(a) 'he water is higher on one side of the dam than on the other. $s the water begins
to flow through the dam it turns a turbine. 'he turbine generates electricit.
Describe the useful energ changes which take place in this process.
..the kinectic energ changes in to the electrical energ ....
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
Ballard School 24
(b) -)plain wh tides are classified as a renewable energ source.
....because the are coming again and again......
......................................................................................................................
# mark

(c) ;ive one wa% other than from the tides% of generating electricit b using the
sea.
.....the water falls from a high place onto turbines..................
# mark

(d) $part from cost% give one advantage and one disadvantage of an oil@fired power
station compared with a tidal power station.
advantage ..it can be got easil ................
.....................................................................................................................
disadvantage ..cause pollution.......................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
(a)imum D marks

Ballard School 25