1

1
H ni tit
Endocrine system
2
Chuong 4. HJ NI TIET
I. CC TUYEN NI TIET V CC HORMONE
1. Cc tuyn ni tit
2. Cc hormone
II. CC TUYEN NI TIET CHINH O NGUI
1. Tuyn yn v vng dui di
2. Tuyn gip
3. Tuyn cn gip
4. Tuyn thung thn
a. Tuy thung thn
b. Vo thung thn
5. Tuyn sinh dc
6. Tuyn ty
III. PHUONG THUC TC DNG CUA CC HORMONE
1. Phuong thc tc dng cua cc hormone non-steroid
2. Phuong thc tc dng cua cc hormone steroid
3
H ni tit (Endocrine System)
Tuyn ni tit l nhng tuyn khng c ng
dn, cht tit d thng vo mu, gi l kch
t ni tit (ni tit t ho}c hormone). Chng
khc hon ton vi cc tuyn ngoi tit.
Tuyn ngoi tit l nhng tuyn c ng dn,
cht d|ch tit theo ng dn d vo cc xoang
trong co th (nhu cc tuyn tiu ho, tuyn
sinh dc) ho}c d ra ngoi da, nim mc
(nhu tuyn m hi tuyn nuc mt).
4
H ni tit (Endocrine System)
Trong qu trnh tin ho, co th dng vt pht
trin t don bo dn da bo c kch thuc ln. S
tng ln v s lung, kch thuc cc m v ton co
th, gn vi s hon thin chc nng.
D dam bao tnh thng nht trong hot dng v
thch nghi duc nhanh chng vi cc bin di t
mi trung, co th cn mt s diu hnh nhanh,
nhy v tinh t. Cng vi h thn kinh, h ni tit
tham gia qu trnh diu hnh d.
Cng vi cc xung dng thn kinh, to thnh mt
co ch chung diu ho cc qu trnh sinh hc trong
co th, gi l co ch thn kinh - th d|ch.
5
H ni tit o Dng vt khng
xuong sng
O dng vt bc thp cu to v chc nng cua
h ni tit cn chua hon chinh, chi c mt vi
tuyn o su b, cn trng v gip xc cht tit
chu yu l cc feromon.
Bum ci cua tm tit ra Bombicon, bum ci su
rm tit ra Giplur nhm quyn r bum dc
Ong th dnh du dung bng Geranion.
Ong cha tit ra 9 - xetodecanic nhm c ch qu
trnh pht trin bung trng cua ong th v quyn
r ong dc khi giao phi.
6
Cu tao cua 1uvenile hormone (JH)
3
O
COOCH
1uvenile hormone duc to ra o Corpus allatum cua
Cn trng, 1H c ch s bin thi . Kt hp vi
hormon Ecdyson d kim sot qu trnh bin thi va
lt xc cua cn trng.
Mc 1H luu thng cao ngn can hin tung bin thi
tu lu

c bt du khi u trng lt xc tu mt giai don ti

giai don k tip d dp ng vi ecdyson.
1uvenile hormone
2
7
Ecdyson v dn xut
HO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
HO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
HO
Duc to ra o co quan Thoracic cua cn trng. Ecdyson va
kch thch bin thi va gy lt xc. 1H c ch s bin thi
nn duc coi l cht di khng 50 vi Ecdyson.
Su lt xc theo chu ky trong sut di sng truong thnh cho
php con vt sinh truong trong thi gian ngn gia ln lt b
xuong ngoi c, cng va ln lm cho cng b xuong mi ln
hon.
Ecdyson
20-Hydroxyecdyson
8
9
S S l l t t x x c c v v bi bi n n th th i i c cu ua a b bu um m c ci i cu cua a t t m m
( (Bombvx mori) ) ch ch| |u u a anh nh hu huo ong ng c cu ua a 1uvenile 1uvenile
v v Ecdyson Ecdyson
10
H ni tit o dng vt bc cao
H ni tit l h thng cc tuyn trong co th ngui v
dng vt bc cao. Chng duc hnh thnh t cc t
bo tit din hnh, mt phn nho t cc t bo thn
kinh tit.
H ni tit bao gm: tuyn yn, tuyn gip trng,
tuyn cn gip trng, tuyn tuy, tuyn thung thn,
tuyn sinh san, tuyn c, tuyn tng.
Cc m ni tit cu tr o cc co quan cng c chc
nng ni tit nhu d dy m ni tit tit gastrin, lp
ni mc tu cung c m ni tit san xut ra
prostaglanding F2o v.v.
Hu ht cc dp ng cua tuyn ni tit chm nhung c
tc dng lu di.
11
Hormon l hot cht c hot tnh
sinh hc cao duc hnh thnh trong
m hay mt nhm t bo (thung
duc vn chuyn bng dung tun
hon dn nhm t bo khc cng co
th) c tc dng diu tit d}c hiu
kch thch ho}c c ch cc t bo
dch.
Hormon dng vai tr quan trong
trong vic diu ha cc hot dng co
ban cua co th nhu trao di cht,
pht trin, sinh san.
Hormon
12
Hai thuc tnh cua hormon
Tnh d}c hiu (specificity): co hiu qua mt
cach chon loc. Co so phn tu: thu th, san
phm tuong ung o co quan dich.
Tnh khuch di (amplifying capacity): mt
luong nho hormon tao mt phan ung anh
huong toan thn. Mt phn tu hormon kich
thich cho su hinh thanh ~1 triu phn tu san
phm o t bao dich.
3
13
H thng kim sot nguc m
Negative Feedback Systems
Diu ha vic tit hormon
Hormon duc giai phng d diu ha co th
dt trng thi cn bng.
Dp ng nhanh
Chng li nhng diu kin thay di
Phc hi trng thi cn bng ni mi
Hu ht cc qu trnh ni tit duc diu ha
boi h thng kim sot nguc m, thung
lin quan nng d cua cc ion d}c bit ho}c
cc hp cht ha hc
14
Phn loi hormon
15
4 nhm hormone
1. Hormone dn xut t acid bo
prostaglandin
juvenile hormone cua cn trung
1uvenile hormone
A prostaglandin
(a) Hormones dn xut t acid bo
16
4 nhm hormone
2. Hormone steroid
Ch tit boi min vo tuyn thuong thn, bung
trung, tinh sao
Hormone lt xac cua cn trung
Hormone lt xc
(ecdysone)
Cortisol Estradiol
(b) Steroid hormone
17
4 nhm
hormone
3. Hormone l dn xut
cua acid amin
thyroid hormone
epinephrine (adrenalin)
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Thyroxine (T
4
)
Thyroid
hormone
Triiodothyronine (T
3
)
(c) Dn xut amino acid
18
4 nhm hormone
4. Hormon l Peptide v protein
antidiuretic hormone (ADH),
glucagon (peptide hormone)
insulin (protein)
Oxytocin ADH
(d) Peptide hormone
4
19
Cc loi tn hiu ni tit
Da vo quan h gia t bo ch tit v t
bo dch h ni tit c th chia thnh:
Ni tit
Cn tit
T tit
20
Cc loi tn hiu ni tit
21
Tn hiu ni tit din hnh
Tuyn ni tit (la tuyn tit ma khng co ng
dn) cac hormon duoc tit qua cac khe ho
Hormon duoc tit thng vao mau, tac dng
ln t bao dich o xa
Di dn gn vao thu th (receptor) cua t bao dich
22
Tn hiu thn kinh ni tit
Neuron ch tit ra hormon thn kinh
Duc chuyn xung si trc (axon) v
duc ch tit.
Duc tit vo mu
23
Tn hiu cn tit
Hormone (ho}c cc phn tu mang
tn hiu khc) duc khuch tn qua
cc khe ho th d|ch
Hot dng tc dng ln t bo dch
nm o gn t bo tit ra n.
24
T Tit - Autocrine
Hormone (ho}c cc phn tu mang tn hiu
khc) duc tit vo cc khe ho th d|ch
C tc dng ring ln chnh t bo tit ra n
5
25
Cc tuyn ni tit o ngui
26
Vng dui di (Hypothalamus)
Vng dui di
(Hypothalamus )
Kt hp gia diu ha thn
kinh v ni tit
Diu ha hot dng cua tuyn
yn (pituitary gland)
To ra hormone thn kinh
Vassopressin v Oxytocin v
duc cha o thy sau cua
tuyn yn.
27
Nhng neuron san xut
ra cc hormon cho thuy
sau tuyn Yn
Nhng neuron
hypothalamus san
xut ra RHs
(Releasing hormone)
v IFs (Inhibitory F)
HYPOTHALAMUS
DIEU KHIEN
HOAT DNG CUA
TUYEN YN
28
Hormone thn kinh duc san xut
boi vng dui di
Oxytocin
Vasopressin Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
29
Tuyn yn
Pituitary Gland
Tuyn yn l mt tuyn nho nm o m}t dui di no
(nn cn gi l tuyn mu no dui) trn xuong yn
(nn gi l tuyn yn).
C hnh phu - kt ni trc tip vi vng dui di
(hypothalamus )
Dung knh khoang 1.3 cm, n}ng khoang 0.5 g gm 3
thy: thy truc, thy gia, v thy sau
Thy sau cua tuyn yn (neurohypophysis ): Noi dng
d cha Vassopressin v Oxytocin .
Thy truc cua tuyn yn (adenohypophysis) tng
hp 7 peptide hormone
30
No b
Hp s
Vng dui di
Thy truc tuyn yn
Thy sau tuyn yn
6
31
Hormon cua
thy truc
tuyn yn
32
Vng dui di
Giai phng
hormone
Phng thch
hormone
Hormone
Tinh
mch cua
Thy sau cua
tuyn yn
Mao mch
Thy truc
tuyn yn
Hormone
33
MSH TSH PR LH & FSH
GH
ACTH
Cc t bo sc
t trong da
Tuyn v
Bung trng Tuyn
gip trng
Vng vo
tuyn
trn thn
Co, xuong v
cc m khc
Tinh so
Kch thch
tng hp
Melanin
Tng
hp sa
To giao tu
v cc
hormone
sinh dc
Gia tng
tc d trao
di cht
Gip cn
bng d|ch
th; gip co
th duong
du vi stress
Thc dy
pht trin
Vng dui di phng thch nhng yu t kch thch v c ch cc
hormone cua thy truc tuyn yn.
Hormone thy truc tuyn yn
34
Thy truc tuyn yn
Adenohypophysis
1. GH (Growth Hormone) kich thich tng truong,
dng hoa, thuc dy su phat trin bng cach tac
dung vao sun lin hop, tng cuong qua trinh
chuyn hoa lipid, tng hop protein.
2. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating H.) kich thich tng
hop hormon tuyn Giap trang.
35
Thy truc tuyn yn
Adenohypophysis
3. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic H.) kich thich
tng hop steroid o vo tuyn trn thn (chiu FB
chi cua glucocorticoid) ACTH cung tham gia vao
qua trinh chuyn hoa glucid, lipid va protid.
4. FSH (Follicle Stimulating H.) phat trin nang
trung, hop luc voi LH gy rung trung kich thich
nang trung tit Oestrogen. O Nam gioi kich thich
su phat trin cua ng sinh tinh, kich thich qua
trinh tao tinh.
36
Thy truc tuyn yn
Adenohypophysis
5. PR (Prolactin) kich thich su phat trin tuyn
vu, tng su tit sua, duy tri th vang, tp tinh
giu con, chuc nng sinh san o chim.
6. LH (Luteinizing H.) cung voi FSH kich
thich su phat trin cua nang trng, gy rung
trung, duy tri th vang, kich thich th vang
tng hop progesteron. O nam gioi kich thich
su phat trin ng sinh tinh, kich thich t bao
Leydig tao testosteron.
7
37
Thy truc tuyn yn
Adenohypophysis
7. MSH (Melanocytes Stimulating H.) l
kch hc t kch thch s pht trin cua
cc t bo sc t non thnh truong thnh
ri kch thch t bo ny tng hp sc t
(Melanine) v phn b du trn da khin
cho da c mu ti, thch nghi vi mi
trung.
38
Thy sau tuyn yn
Neurohypophysis
Noi dng d cha Vassopressin v Oxytocin
Oxytocxin(hormon thuc de): kich thich co bop
da con (co tron), kich thich su co bop cua cac
ng tuyn sua tng bai tit sua.
Vasopressin (co mch t; ADH
Antidiuretic H.): giam bai niu tng huyt ap,
diu tit cn bng nuoc, kich thich su tai hp
thu nuoc (o ng thn).
39
Hormone
thy sau
tuyn yn
40
T bo thn kinh ni tit
Vng dui di
Thn tuyn yn
Si trc
Thy sau cua tuyn yn
Mao mch
Khoang c cha hormone
Thy truc
cua tuyn yn
Hormone
41
Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
ng thn
Tu cung
Tuyn v
Tng tnh thm
Kch thch co bp
Kch thch tit sa
Tng ti hp thu nuc
42
Tuyn Gip (Thyroid Gland)
Thyroxin (T
4
) & Triiodothyronin (T
3
)
Di vi co th non dang ln, thyroxine c tc
dng kch thch s sinh truong pht dc cua
co th, n thc dy pht trin t chc, bit
ho t bo, dy nhanh s bin thi t nng
nc thnh ch nhi
Calcitonin
Giam calci huyt (& P). Co ch cua n l tng
s lng dng can xi t mu vo xuong, cng
c tc gia cho l n lm tng do thai Ca theo
nuc tiu
8
43
Kch thch cua mi trung (V d lnh, stress)
Vng dui di
TRH
Thy truc tuyn yn
TSH
Tuyn gip trng
Thyroid hormone
(T
3
v T
4
)
Trao di cht Pht trin
44
Gia tng nng d Ca
2+
trong mu
Tuyn cn
gip trng
Tuyn gip
trng
Calcitonin
Uc ch
Mc Ca
2+
giam
Huy ct bo giam
phng thch Ca
2+
t xuong
ng thn giam
ti hp thu Ca
2+
Nng d Calci qu cao
45
Chc nng cua tuyn Gip
+ Thyroxin (T4) v
triiodothyronine (T3)

+ Calcitonin lm giam
mc Ca
2+
trong mu
+ Bnh l tuyn gip:
Cung gip v Thiu
nng tuyn gip)
Thiu nng tuyn giap
Buu c (Goiter)
Uu nng tuyn giap
Basedow
46
Tuyn Cn Gip
(Parathyroid Gland)
PTH (Parathyroid hormone) huy dng
Calci tu xuong, thn, rut d tng Calci
huyt.
+ PTH l mt mch polypeptid ln, cha
115 axit c tc dng nguc li vi tc
dng cua Calcitonin
47
Chc nng tuyn cn gip trng
+ Tc dng trn xuong: Parathyroxine kch
thch s do thai can xi t xuong dua vo
mu.
+ Tc dung ln thn: parathyroxine xc
tin vic ti hp thu can xi o ng thn
nho v tng do thai phosphate (P).
+ Ngoi ra Parathyroxine cng c tc dng
lm tng hp th can xi o rut.
48
Nng d Ca
2+
trong mu giam
Tuyn cn gip
PTH
Kch thch
Tng mc Ca
2+
Huy ct bo tng
giai phng Ca
2+
t xuong
Tng ti hp thu
Ca
2+
o ng thn
Tng hp th
Ca
2+
o rut non
Nng d CaIci qu thp
9
49
ng d dy -Rut
Gastrin kich thich da day tit acid, tuyn
tuy lam vic.
Secretin diu tit nuoc va bicarbonat
HCO
3
-
trong dich tuy.
Cholecystokinin kich thich tit enzym tiu
hoa.
Molitin kim soat co da day rut.
50
ng d dy -Rut
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) gy
dn ng da day rut, uc ch tit acid va
pepsin.
GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptide) uc ch
su tit dich vi.
Somatostatin uc ch tit dich vi va
Glucagon.
51
Tim (Heart)
ANP (Atrial Natriuretic
Peptide) gy gin co
tron, loi tiu, gian tip
lam giam huyt ap, bao
v tim.
52
Tuyn ty tng
(Pancreas)
+ L tuyn pha, vu l tuyn ni tit va l tuyn ngoi tit (99
l ngoi tit)
+ Tiu dao ty hay l dao Langerhan
+ T bo : glucagon ( mc dung trong mu bng cch kch thch
gan chuyn glycogen thnh glucose)
+ T bo : insulin ( c dung trong u bng cch kch thch t bo su
dng glucose o ti th)
+ T bo : somatostatin: Uc ch phng thch hormon sinh truong v
Glucagon
53 54
INSULIN :
(a) Kch thch t bo su dng Glucose
(b) Kch thch t bo co v gan chuyn
glucose thnh glycogen
(c) Kch thch d tr amino acid v cht bo
Cao
Kch thch t
bo beta
Trng thi
mi n
com xong
Bnh
thung
VUNG CAN BANG
NI MI
M

c

G
l
u
c
o
s
e
Trng
thi di
Kch thch t
bo anpha
GLUCAGON :
(a) Kch thch s huy dng amino acid v cht bo
(b) Kch thch qu trnh tn to dung
(c) Kch thch gan phng thch glucose d d tr
Thp
Thi gian
D
i
D
i

u

h

a

c
u

h

a

c
u u
a

G
l
u
c
o
s
e
a

G
l
u
c
o
s
e
10
55
Tuyn thung thn
Adrenal Glands
Vng vo
Vng tuy
Tuyn thung thn
Thn
56
Tuyn thung thn
+ Tuyn thung thn gm hai tuyn nm o
du truc hai qua thn. Tuyn chia lm
hai min: min tuy v min vo. Mi min
tit ra cc loi hormon khc nhau.
+ Min tuy thuc loi m ua crm, min vo
thuc loi t chc gian thn. Min tuy
ch|u s chi phi trc tip cua thn kinh
giao cam
57
Vo Tuyn Thung Thn
Adrenal Cortex
Mineral corticoid
+ Hormon min vo thung thn thuc loi
steroid c ban cht lipid. Hormon thuc vng
cu c tn chung l mineral corticoid gm hai
hormon l aldosterone v desoxy-
corticosterone (DOC).
+ Tc dng sinh l cua hai hormon ny tham gia
diu ho trao di mui, nuc bng cch xc tc
cho qu trnh ti hp thu chu dng natri o ng
thn nho (km theo clorua v nuc) v tng
cung bi tit kali. Tc dng cua aldosterone
mnh gp 30 - 120 ln desoxy corticosterone.
58
Vo Tuyn Thung Thn
Adrenal Cortex
Glucocorticoid
+ Thc dy s phn giai protein d ly nguyn liu
to hp glycogen v glucose thng qua co ch hot
ho cc enzyme tch v chuyn amin desaminase v
transaminase, to thnh cc xeto acid d t d bin
thnh glucogen v glucose.
+ Nu dng liu thp th glucocorticoid li xc tc cho
s tng hp protein.
+ Tng sc d khng, giam vim, giam s mn cam.
59
Vo Tuyn Thung Thn
Adrenal Cortex
Androgen
Kch t nam tnh, kch t ny pht trin gii
tnh ph o nam gii, o ph n lung ny
thp nhung khi non so ngng hot dng
ho}c c khi u o vo trn thn ph n c th
b| nam tnh ha.
60
Tuy Tuyn Thung Thn
Adrenal Medulla
+ Min tuy thung thn tit ra 2 hormon
+ Adrenalin gy gin mch, diu ho chc nng tim lm tim
dp nhanh, mnh, tng dn truyn hung phn cho tim, co
co tron, tng huyt p, phn giai glycogen, tng dung
huyt, phng thch m, adrenaline chi gy co mch mu da
+ Noradrenalin gy co tiu dng mch, phng thch m,
ging adrenalin.Noradrenaline anh huong dn tim khng
r. Di vi mch mu v huyt p th nguc li
noradrenaline c tc dng mnh hon nhiu so vi
adrenaline, gy co mch ton thn lm cho p sut tm
thu v p sut tm truong du tng, sc can ngoi vi cng
tng lm huyt p tng mnh
11
61
Thn (Kidney)
1, 25 - Dihydroxyvitamin D
3
tao xuong, kt nap Calci.
Erythropoietin diu tit su tao hng cu.
62
Non so (Ovaries)
+L tuyn pha, va ni tit va ngoi tit
63
Estrogen
+ To nn cc d}c tnh sinh dc th cp cua
con ci, biu hin nhng bin di cua co
quan sinh dc v hnh vi sinh dc cua con
vt.
+ Dui tc dng cua estrogen, nim mc tu
cung m do pht trin, dy ln tch lu
nhiu glycogen, lui mao mch tu cung pht
trin d chun b| dn thai. Tuyn v no to
chu yu l s pht trin cua t chc lin kt
v h thng ng dn cua tuyn v.
64
Estrogen
+ Cc tuyn sinh dc pht trin, nht l cc
tuyn tit d|ch nhn o nim mc m do v
m h. Khi trng chn hon ton, ni cm ln
trn m}t bung trng chun b| rng th
lung estrogen dt cc di lm pht sinh
hin tung dng dc biu hin ra bn ngoi.
+ Estrogen cn c tc dng tng dng ho
protein (tuy khng mnh bng androgen di
vi con dc) lm tng tch lu m mnh.
+ Sau khi trng rng, bao non cn li bin
thnh th vng v tit ra hong th t
progesterone.
65
Progesterone
+ Kch thch s pht trin hon na cua nim mc
tu cung, m do, tch lu nhiu glycogen o cc
nim mc d (trong giai don dng dc th
oestrogen dam nhim vai tr ny) d chun b|
dn hp tu pht trin thnh bo thai.
+ Kch thch s pht trin mnh cua tuyn v, nh
lm pht trin t chc ti tuyn nn tuyn v no
to, mnh.
+ Uc ch li tuyn yn lm giam tit FSH, LH nn
trong thi ky c chua khng c hin tung dng
dc, khng c trng chn v rng (tr nga).
66
Progesterone
+ Lm mm si co tron tu cung, c ch s co bp
cua thnh tu cung, c tc dng an thai. Thng
thung nu trng rng m khng duc th tinh
th vo ngy th 17 cua chu ky dng dc 21 ngy
cua gia sc th vng bin di.
+ Nhung ring o b s teo bin th vng hay g}p kh
khn, nn thung xut hin bnh th vng tn ti.
Can thip bng cch dng tay th qua trc trng,
ln v bp nt th vng, ho}c tim nhng thuc
lm tan th vng. Thuc dng ph th vng l
prostaglandin F2o
12
67
Tinh so (Testis)
L tuyn pha, va ni tit va ngoi tit
68
Tinh so (Testis)
+ T bo k Leydig nm gia cc ng sinh tinh trong
d|ch hon tit hormon sinh dc dc, gi l androgene.
N bao gm 3 hormon: testosterone, androsterone,
dehydroandosterone, trong d:
+ Testosterone c hot tnh mnh nht. To nn d}c
tnh sinh dc th cp cua con dc, biu hin cc hnh
vi dc tnh cua n cng nhu nhng pht trin cua co
th nhu nga, mng no mang, bm lng pht trin, g
trng ca mc di, mu lng s}c s.
+ Prostaglandin (vn chuyn theo tinh d|ch) diu ha
hot dng cua tu cung
69
Nhau Thai (Placental)
+ Khi nhau thai hnh thnh th o nhiu loi gia
sc, lung progesterone chu yu do nhau thai
tit ra, v do d th vng o nhng loi dng
vt ny khng pht trin na v lung
progesterone do n tit ra cng giam r rt.
70
Nhau cng l mt tuyn ni tit tit
ra:
Progesterone
HCG kch dc t mng dm duy tr
th vng, kch thch tuyn yn tit
Prolactin
Lactogen kch thch tuyn v tit
sa.
Relaxin gy dn co tron, dy chng.
Nhau Thai (Placental)
71
Co ch hot dng cua
hormon
72
Hormon nho, ha tan duc trong lipid
+ Steroid hormone, thyroid hormone c th
di qua duc mng t bo kt hp vi thu
th c trong t bo mc tiu
+ Phc hp hormone-thu th hot ha
ho}c c ch qu trnh phin m tng hp
mRNA m ha cho nhng protein d}c
bit.
13
73
Co ch hoa t dng cua hormon Steroid
74
Co ch hoa t dng cua steroid hormone
1. Steroid hormone tan duc trong lipid v vy nhanh
chng khuch tn qua mng t ba

o.
2. Chng gn vo thu th protein nm trong t ba

o
cht hay trong.
3. Nu steroid gn vo mt thu th trong t ba

o cht,
phc hp hormone-thu th di chuyn vo trong
nhn. Phc hp hormone-thu th sau do gn vo
mt vng d}c hiu trn DNA, kch thch vic tng
hp mRNA trong nhn.
4. mRNA sau do duc d|ch m thnh protein o t ba

o
cht
5. Protein duc tng hp tham gia vo qu trnh diu
ha hay chuyn ha
75
1
2
3
4
5
Co ch hoa t dng cua thyroxine
76
Co ch hoa t dng cua thyroxine
1. Thyroxine (T4) c cha 4 Iod, v c kch thuc
nho no co

th di qua mng t ba

o
2. Khi n di vo trong t ba

o cht, thyroxine duc

chuyn thnh triiodothyronine (T3), vi 3 Iod.
3. Hormone ny di chuyn vo trong nhn va gn
vi thu th trong nhn.
4. Phc hp hormone-thu th sau do gn ln DNA
5. Phc hp hormone - thu th hoa t ha su phin
m gen mc tiu tng hp mRNA.
77
Hormon tan duc trong nuc
+ Peptide hormone khng di vo trong t
bo dch
+ Kt hp vi thu th nm trn mng t
bo cua t bo dch, tu do kt hp vi
protein G. Nhu vy protein thu th
chuyn tn hiu cua hormon ngoi bo
thnh tn hiu ni bo
78
Cht truyn tin th nht 1
+ Cht truyn tin th nht (peptide
hormone) truyn tn hiu sang cht
truyn tin th hai.
14
79
Cht truyn tin th 2 l AMP vng
+ G protein thuc dy hay uc ch enzyme tac
dng ln cht truyn tin thu hai AMP vng
(adenylyl cyclase cAMP) (enzyme xuc
tac phan ung chuyn ATP thanh cAMP)
80
Cht truyn tin th 2 khc
+ Mt s G proteins su dung dn xut
phospholipid nhu mt cht truyn tin thu
hai.
+ Inositol trisphosphate (IP
3
) cht truyn tin
thu hai lam gia tng nng d calci, ion calci
kt hop voi calmodulin hoat hoa enzyme
81
Cht truyn tin th 3
+ Nhiu cht truyn tin thu hai hoat hoa
protein kinase la mt enzyme cua t bao
cht xuc tac cho vic gn nhom phosphat
vao cac protein dc bit trong t bao tu do
lam bin di t bao duoc hoat hoa
82
Mch mu
D|ch ngoi bo
Hormone
AdenyIyI
cycIase G protein
Receptor
T bo cua tuyn ni tit
Mng
plasma cua
t bo dch
CytosoI
GTP
ATP
Cht truyn
tin th hai
Bin di qu
trnh trao di
cht
Tc dng hot
ha gen
Mo ho}c dng
cc knh ion
Peptide Hormone
4. T bo hot ha duc bin di.
3. cAMP truyn tn hiu; hot ha
protein kinase ho}c mt s protein
khc dp ng tra li tn hiu.
1. Peptide hormone (cht truyn tin
th nht) kt hp vi G Receptor
nm trn mng plasma cua t bo
mc tiu. G protein duc hot ha v
hot ha enzyme adenylyl cyclase.
2. Adenylyl cyclase chuyn ATP
thnh cAMP (cht truyn tin th
hai).
Protein
Protein
kinase
Protein
cAMP
cAMP cAMP cAMP
83
Hot dng cua epinephrine
(Peptide Hormone) o t ba

o gan
84
Hot dng cua epinephrine
(Peptide Hormone) t ba

o gan
1. Epinephrine gn vo protein thu th d}c hiu
trn b m}t t ba

o.
2. Hot dng thng qua G proteins, hormon gn
vo thu th va hoa t ha enzyme adenylyl cyclase,
enzyme ny chuyn ATP thnh AMP vng
(cAMP).
3. cAMP duc gi l cht truyn tin thu 2 va hoa t
ha protein kinase-A (mt enzyme o dng bt
hot).
4. Protein kinase-A duc phosphoryl ha va sau do
hot ha cc enzyme phosphorylase (enzyme xc
tc cho vic thuy phn glycogen thnh glucose).
15
85
H thng cht truyn tin thu hai IP3/Ca
++
86
H thng cht truyn tin thu hai IP3/Ca
++
(1) Epinephrine gn vo protein thu th nm trn b m}t
t ba

o.
(2) Hot dng thng qua protein G, hormone gn vo thu
th hoa t ha enzyme phospholipase C chuyn
phospholipid mng thnh inositol trisphosphate (IP3).
(3) IP3 khuch tn vo t ba

o cht va gn vo thu th trn

mng lui ni cht.
(4) Vic IP3 gn vo thu th se

ch thch mng lui ni

cht giai phng Ca
++
vo t ba

o cht.
(5) Mt s Ca
++
duc giai phng gn vi protein diu ha
c tn l calmodulin.
(6) Phc hp Ca
++
/calmodulin hot ha cc protein ni
bo khc, kt qua l nng d ca

c cht chuyn ha trong

t ba

o cng thay di.

87
Hormon nhn to Precocene gy
bin thi cn trng
D}c dim ni bt cua u trng (larva) v thiu
trng (nymph) cn trng l phm n v ln
nhanh cn thnh trng (imago) th pht tn v
sinh san.
C hot cht nhn to kch thch b cnh cng
bin thi sm l Precocene (t ch precocious
nghia l pht trin sm).
Nhng con b cnh cng thuc ging
Dysdercus khi b| xu l bng Precocene d bin
thi sm thnh thnh trng bt th khng tip
tc chu ky lt xc bnh thung na.
C th dy l mt bin php chng cn trng.
88
Precocene hormon nhn to gy
bin thi d}c bit
Thnh trng bt th do Precocene
Tin trnh pht trin bnh thung
89
THUAT NG
Gonadotropin - Gonadotropic Hormone: Gonad
- tuyn sinh dc (H); tropin - chuyn hung,
thay di, kch thch mt tuyn ni tit khc.
FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone - H. kch
thch nang trng.
LH: Luteinizing H. - H. hong th ha.
ICSH: Interstitial Cell Stimulating H.- H kch
thch t/b k (Leydig).
Testosteron: Testis - tinh so.
90
THUAT NG
Androgen: Andro - thuc v dc; t chung
chi hormon SD dc
Estrogen: Estrus - s dng dc; t chung chi
hormon SD ci.
Corpus luteum (corpora lutea): th vng
Progesterone: Pro - thc dy; Gestation- s
mang thai; Sterone - steroid.
HCG: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin -
kch dc t mng dm ngui (LH).