03 Neighbour GC PDF

Module 3 Air interface and neighbour optimization
3G RANOP RU20
Soc Classification level
1 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Module 3 Air interface and neighbour optimization
Course Content
KPI overview
Performance monitoring
Air interface and neighbour optimization
Capacity & traffic optimization
Paging and inter-RNC optimization
2 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be
able to:
Describe the main measurement
elements/parameters to optimize neighbour cells,
Describe measurement methods to identify KPIs
3 Nokia Siemens Networks
/
Describe measurement methods to identify KPIs
for neighbour list optimization
Match counters with KPI to tune the overall NW
performance
Know how neighbours & RF optimization can be
done with tool Optimizer 2.0
Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
Propagation Delay
Neighbour optimization methods
Adjacency based measurements
NetAct tools (optimiser)
Content
/
Content
- RNC database structure
- 3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20
- Ec/Io versus RSCP (discussed under adjacency based measurements)
- Little i (cell overlap by Tx power, discussed under adjacency based measurements)
- UL RTWP and DL TCP
- Code power improvement for initial access and active set update
- HSPA quality
- AMR features
/
- AMR features
Propagation Delay
RNC database structure RU10
RNC
WBTS
HOPG
HOPI
COCO
WANE WSG
WLCSE
CMOB
WSML
C IUCS/IUP
S
IUR
IPNB
IPQM
WRAB
RNC
WBTS
HOPG
HOPI HOPI
COCO COCO
WANE WSG
WLCSE
CMOB
WSML
C
WSML
C IUCS/IUP
S
IUR
IPNB IPNB
IPQM
WRAB
RU10 uses new WRAB
data base object to
improve cell based
parameters at RNC
used by Admission Control
6 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / AA / 08_2009
WCEL
ADJS
HOPS
ADJG FMCG
ADJI
HOPI
FMCI
FMCS
ADJD
TQM
WCEL
ADJS
HOPS
ADJG FMCG
ADJI
HOPI
FMCI
ADJI
HOPI
FMCI FMCI
FMCS
ADJD ADJD
TQM
New additional New additional
improvement improvement
potentials for potentials for
air interface air interface
optimisations optimisations
WBTS
RNC WSMLC
COCO
FMCS
HOPG
HOPI
HOPS
IUR
HOPL
2 New Parameter Objects:
HOPL (max 10 x, templates)
ADJL (max 8 x)
LTE LTE -- HO HO
RNC database structure with LTE objects RU20 (1/2)
WCEL
FMCI
FMCG
WLCSE
CMOB
ADJS
ADJI
ADJG
WANE
WSG
One-to-one
One-to-many
IUCS
IUPS
ADJL
ADJD
ADJL new ADJL new
HOPL new HOPL new
Indicates LTE Indicates LTE
LTE LTE --
Neighbours Neighbours
RNC = Radio Network Controller
WBTS = WCDMA Base Station
COCO
IUPS, IUCS, IUR have been introduced to simplify management
IPNB relates to optional feature IP-based Iub for Flexi
TQM relates to optional feature Iub Transport QoS
WRAB parameters are used by Admission Control
IPQM relates to IP transport on Iu
RNC database structure with LTE objects RU20 (2/2)
WBTS = WCDMA Base Station
WCEL = WCDMA Cell
ADJ = Adjacency for WCDMA cell
ADJS = intra-frequency adjacency
ADJI = inter-frequency adjacency
ADJG = inter-system adjacency
ADJL = LTE adjacency (new) ADJL = LTE adjacency (new)
ADJD = detected adjacency
HOP = Handover Path
HOPS, HOPI, HOPG, HOPL (new) HOPL (new)
FMC = Frequency Measurement Control
FMCS, FMCI, FMCG
COCO = Radio Network Connection Configuration
CMOB = Congestion Management OBject
WANE = WCDMA Authorized Network
WSG = WCDMA subscriber group
WLCSE = WCDMA Location service entity
WSMLC = WCDMA Serving Mobile Location Center
IPNB = IP NodeB
IPQM = IP transmission QoS
TQM = Transmission Quality Management
WRAB = WCEL RAB parameters
3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20 (1/5)
SGSN
PSTN
LTE Interworking feature provides 3G support for:
- cell reselection from 3G to LTE
- PS inter-system handover from LTE to 3G
/
SGSN
GGSN RNC
Node B
eNode B
(incl. RRM)
aGW:
Access
Gateway
IMS
Internet
Intranets
E-UTRA
E-UTRAN
RU20 RNW
Parameters
HSPA/LTE cell selection HSPA/LTE cell selection
HO HO
Three types of transition between 3G and LTE are supported by the RU20
LTE interworking feature
Cell re-selection 3G to LTE in RRC idle
Cell re-selection 3G to LTE in Cell/URA_PCH
HO LTE to 3G, but NOT HO 3G to LTE in Cell_DCH

GSM_Connected
Supported by
feature
3G LTE GSM
/
Handover
CELL_PCH
URA_PCH
CELL_DCH
UTRA_Idle
E-UTRA
RRC_CONNECTED
E-UTRA
RRC_IDLE
GSM_Idle/GPRS
Packet_Idle
GPRS Packet
transfer mode
GSM_Connected
Handover

Reselection Reselection
Reselection
Connection
establishment/release
Connection
Connection
CCO,
Reselection
CCO with
optional
NACC
CELL_FACH
CCO, Reselection
Supported by
feature
No measurement
within FACH
Occasional
MM by other
vendors
New RU20 RNW Parameter Objects HOPL and ADJL
WCDMA System Information Block 19 (SIB 19)
Informs UE about parameters controlling interworking to
LTE
Idle Mode Measurements and Reselection Criteria
new
/
Idle Mode Measurements and Reselection Criteria
RSRP = LTE counterpart of CPICH RSCP
RSRQ = RSRP / RSSI = LTE counterpart of CPICH Ec/Io
Reference signal
received power
(RSRP)
Reference signal
received quality
(RSRQ)
LTE Interworking feature provides 3G support for:
cell reselection from 3G to LTE
PS inter-system handover from LTE to 3G
Feature implementation is based upon 3GPP release 8
Cell re-selection from 3G to LTE is applicable to UE which are in RRC Idle
mode, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH

/
3G, LTE and GSM cells can be prioritized with 8 distinct absolute priorities
In RRC Idle, URA_PCH and Cell_PCH states, UE camping on WCDMA will
periodically measure all higher priority RAT cells
measure lower priority RAT cells when 3G quality falls below a threshold
NSN RL10 LTE system provides support for LTE to 3G inter-RAT handover
Idle mode cell reselection from a WCDMA cell to LTE cell
Idle mode situation Idle mode situation
Priority for cell layers & Priority for cell layers &
technologies technologies
/
Operator can control reselection for the UEs by applying higher priority to LTE
technologies technologies
Common Measurements for cell load
C-NBAP - RADIO RESOURCE MEASUREMENT REPORT
Dedicated Measurements for RL
power for active users in Cell_DCH
D-NBAP - DEDICATED MEASUREMENT REPORT
BTS load measurements
/
IuB
C - NBAP
D - NBAP
Node B RNC
UL performance (1/7)
Intermodulation
LRT UnloadedRT (2%) and
noise rise noise rise

(dB) (dB)
I own cell I own cell
P
rxOffset
P
rxTarget
I other cells I other cells
High interference level due to
intermodulation limits real
traffic load and thus service
and throughput in the cell per
user
It limits also coverage area of
cell
PrxNoise
WCEL: -130..-50; 0.1; -105 dBm
/
LRT UnloadedRT (2%) and
LNRT UnloadedNRT(1%)
Sum (3%) Sum (3%)
load load
Thermal noise + noise figure Thermal noise + noise figure
60 % 60 %
3% 3% 25 % 25 % 30 % 30 %
PrxNoiseAutotuning
WCEL: 0 (Off) / 1 (On)
PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB]
Noise Rise [dB]
Overloaded area
Marginal Load Area
UL (RTWP)
Decrease
adjacent
cell
interference
Causes of IMP on UL Causes of IMP on UL
Satellite dish (DTH)
CATV
Radio transmission
Wireless cameras
MHA/TMA non linearity
Other cell interference
High little i
Low little i
/
Prx Target [dB]
OWN cell load ( ) [0..1]
Marginal Load Area
Feasible
Load Area
More total capacity
*IMP = Inter-modulation products
Noise rise and little i
Noise Rise
i-factor
Maximum
throughput
DCH
Throughput thresholds calculated from new,
configurable Prx thresholds
Decrease
interference
due to cell
overlap
PrxLoadMarginDCH; WCEL; 0 .. 30; 0.1; 2dB
default: 2 dB: equals 37%own cell load
/
Own Cell Load Factor (throughput)
P
rxOffset
Minimum
throughput
DCH
P
rxLoadMarginDCH
P
rxLoadMarginMaxDCH
P
rxTarget
PrxLoadMarginMaxDCH
WCEL; 0 .. 30; 0.1; 0dB = off
Good cell Good cell
In general In general the RTWP remains low the RTWP remains low
during most of the time. There are during most of the time. There are
only few short term conditions of only few short term conditions of
high UL interference. high UL interference.
/
Bad cell Bad cell effected by electronic screen effected by electronic screen
High RTWP in spite of low TCP High RTWP in spite of low TCP --> > no or limited traffic in the cell no or limited traffic in the cell
RTWP (per NBAP RRI)
High average RTWP in spite of low
average TCP (low DL traffic)
Sometimes extreme UL
noise rise in this cell
/
TCP (per NBAP RRI) as % of maximum power
noise rise in this cell
RTWP (per NBAP RRI)
Bad cell Bad cell effected by electronic screen effected by electronic screen
High RTWP during most of the time High RTWP during most of the time
/
Time
RTWP (per NBAP RRI)
Wrong RTWP reporting due to false commissioning Wrong RTWP reporting due to false commissioning
RTWP (reported) = RTWP (measured at antenna connector)
+ feeder loss (commissioned)
MHA gain (commissioned)
/
BTS indicates RTWP = -112 dB = no signal
But there is very high traffic in the cell
TCP (per NBAP RRI)
As % of maximum power
Check the following commissioning parameters
MHA in use
Cable loss
Details in chapter 5 sl. 9-11
Ptx Target [dBm]
total transmitted power P
tx
Total area 2 [dBm]
Overloaded area for 20 W
More feasible
Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB]
Marginal Load Area 1
41dBm
43 dBm
40 dBm
46 dBm
Overloaded area for 40 W
Marginal Load Area 2
total transmitted power P
tx
Total area 1 [dBm]
DL performance (1/3)
/
Ptx Target [dBm]
load ( )
More feasible
load and
coverage with
more PwR
but much more
interference in
received part
More visible capacity and coverage, but more inter cell interference More visible capacity and coverage, but more inter cell interference
Causes of DL interference: Causes of DL interference:
Too much common Ch PwR
User down link service allocation
TX IMP (3rd order)
CPICH over shooting
CCCH
37.5 dBm
Fixed
PwR.
capacity
Decrease power to
perform more capacity
by less neighbour
interference in RSSI
part
max , _
_
BTS tx
total tx
DL
P
P
=
max , _
_
BTS tx
total tx
DL
P
P
=
More coverage
*IMP = Inter-modulation products
In general the TCP increases in the In general the TCP increases in the
afternoon, and sometimes goes up to afternoon, and sometimes goes up to
almost 100% of the maximum power almost 100% of the maximum power
TCP (per NBAP RRI)
As % of maximum power
/
Time
E
c
/I
0
(per call setup)
Red = RT
Green = NRT
With increasing TCP the Ec/Io quality of the With increasing TCP the Ec/Io quality of the
cell goes down. So low Ec/Io of this cell is cell goes down. So low Ec/Io of this cell is
mainly a consequence of high DL load. mainly a consequence of high DL load.
/
Trend towards lower E
C
/I
0
with increasing TCP
(own cell interference)
TCP as % of maximum power
(per call setup)
Code power improvement (1/2)
Idea:
Better QoS within cell area, without change request for SHO window setting/upgrade
Applicable for areas with more request of SHO state/probability (high mobility)
Expected improvement:
RT/speech improvement
More total capacity
Not for NRT service
More PwR for RL improves More PwR for RL improves
/
coverage/ coverage/
CPICH area CPICH area
More PwR for RL improves More PwR for RL improves
QoS at cell edge and QoS at cell edge and
addition more coverage by addition more coverage by
extending of CPICH area, extending of CPICH area,
but due to more PwR but due to more PwR
distribution at cell edge distribution at cell edge --
less # of users less # of users -- lower total lower total
capacity capacity
Code Power allocation within initial access & ASU
Initial Code Power of the first Radio Link Initial Code Power of the first Radio Link
Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 8 options
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch
Code power improvement (2/2)
/
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch
Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 2 options
Target:
MML Bit 8: Improvement of initial CDR,
MML Bit 2: CSSR improvement within SHO more QoS
Initial code power change - Bit 8
Initial code power of the first RLS, applied in the RRC setups, RRC
state changes and hard handovers.
Option a)
CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has reported for the target cell, is
Code power for initial access (1/6)
/
CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has reported for the target cell, is
used directly in defining the initial code power value.
Option b)
6 dB is subtracted from the measured CPICH Ec/No value, which UE
has reported, for increasing the initial code power value. This is the
original implementation in RU10 and RAS06.
When the RL is established (RRC connection setup) the following equation is used to
defined the initial DL power
= tx_total CPICH tx,

_
0
1
P P
W
R
P
I
E
N
E
ini tx
c
b
RU10 implementation
/
The determination of the transmission power requires knowledge about several parameter
values:
planned Eb/No of the connection (EbNo
RM
+ EbNo
Cell
)
signal-to-interference ratio per chip of the CPICH ( ) measured by the UE
Wis the chip rate, R is bit rate, P
tx_total
is measured by the base station (and reported
back to the RNC in Radio Resource Indication)
P
tx_CPICH
is the CPICH power (determined by PtxPrimaryCPICH)
is the orthogonality factor (WRAB: DLOrthog: 0 .. 1; 0.01; 0.5)
0
I E
c
0
W
I
R = 64 kbit/s service with required DL Eb/No: 4.5dB = 2.82
PtxCPICH: 33dBm = 2 W
= 0.5,
P
tx_total
= 37dBm = 5.011 W
Ec/Io (measured by UE) = -10dB = 0.1
Therefore:
RU10 implementation
/
Therefore:
P
tx_init
= 2.82*64/3840 (1/0.1 2W - 0.5 5.011W) = 822.5 mW(29.15 dBm)
mW W W
s chip
bps
ower InitialDLP 822 ) 011 , 5 * 5 . 0 2 *
1 . 0
1
( *
/ 3840000
64000 * 82 . 2
= =
Initial Code Power of the first Radio Link - Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 8 option a
MML Business MML Business -- Bit 8 option a), Bit 8 option a),
It is all about a 8 bit parameter in PRFILE It is all about a 8 bit parameter in PRFILE
Option a)
CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has
reported for the target cell, is used
directly in defining the initial code
power, e.g -10 dB CPICH.
Option a) not modified = 0 dB
No influence of HO but PwR
distribution
PwR
(dBm)
-10 dB
/
reported from UE
RSSI
coverage
sensitivity
Ec/No
R
R
C

s
e
t
u
p
29.15dBm 29.15dBm
TxPwP TxPwP
DCH DCH
-10 dB
33 dBm 33 dBm
TxPwP TxPwP
CPICH CPICH
-10 dB
Initial Code Power of the first Radio Link - Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 8 option b
MML Business MML Business -- Bit 8 option b), Bit 8 option b),
It is all about a 8 bit parameter in PRFILE It is all about a 8 bit parameter in PRFILE
Start PwR more up (offset) Start PwR more up (offset)
reported from UE
This feature will increase DCH
Tx PwR and make coverage
bigger (only for initial access)
PwR
(dBm)
/
Start PwR more up (offset) Start PwR more up (offset)
Ec/Io
RRC setup
Initial report from UE
-6 dB offset
Increase of initial TX
PwR of DCH
+6.46 dB more up +6.46 dB more up
6 dB subtracted from
measured CPICH Ec/Io
Option b)
6 dB is subtracted from the measured CPICH
Ec/No value, which UE has reported, for increasing
the initial code power value. This is the original
implementation in RU10 and RAS06.
3642 mW/822mW
= 4 times more
PwR for DL RL
(DCH)
RSSI
More coverage for service
sensitivity
Ec/No
-6 dB
Ec/Io
29.15dBm 29.15dBm
TxPwP TxPwP
DCH DCH
35.61dBm - 29.15dBm = 6.46 dB
RRC setup
35.61 TxPwP 35.61 TxPwP
DCH DCH
= 0.5,
P
tx_total
= 37dBm = 5.011 W
Ec/Io (measured by UE + modified by RNC) = -10dB - 6dB= -16dB = 0.025
Therefore:
reported from UE
Initial Code Power of the first Radio Link - Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 8 option b
/
Therefore:
P
tx_init
= 2.82*64/3840 (1/0.025 2W - 0.5 5.011W) = 3642 mW(35.61 dBm)
W W W
s chip
bps
ower InitialDLP 642 . 3 ) 011 , 5 * 5 . 0 2 *
025 . 0
1
( *
/ 3840000
64000 * 82 . 2
= =
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 options
Initial code power of soft handover branch (1/5)
The aim is to keep the code powers of the radio links equal
In In
each cell of the active set.
/
DL transmit power allocation happens in the following way:
Measured EcNo of AS cell and target cells are available in CRNC
CPICH Ec/No of the best cell is not present in the CRNC
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 options
Option a) Option a)
(Measured EcNo of AS cell and target cells are available in CRNC)
6 dB is added to the highest CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has reported for
the target cell and the active set cells in defining the initial code power value,
so that the value equals to -6 dB of the RL specific maximum value at most.
(Method closes on the RAS06 implementation.)
(Method closes on the RAS06 implementation.)
Option b) Option b)
(Measured EcNo of AS cell and target cells are available in CRNC)
Highest CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has reported for the target cell and the
active set cells, is used directly in defining the initial code power value so that
the value equals to -6 dB of the RL specific maximum value at most.
(This is the original RU10 implementation.)
It is all about bit 2a parameter in PRFILE It is all about bit 2a parameter in PRFILE
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 option a)
PwR
(dBm)
Option a)
If measured Ec/No of AS cell and target cells are
available in RNC, than 6 dB is added than 6 dB is added to the highest
CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has reported for the
Ec/No = MIN(Ec/No + 6 dB, 0)
Less required Ec/Io or QoS for
SHO branch less power
needed. This feature will increase
capacity for SHO target. - More
RLPwR config. RLPwR config.
-- not used for add Window change not used for add Window change
/
SHO E1A
report from UE
RSSI
CPICH RSCP
coverage
Target cell
CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has reported for the
target cell and the active set cells in defining the initial
code power value so that the value "equals" to -- 6 dB of 6 dB of
the RL specific maximum PwR the RL specific maximum PwR.
capacity for SHO target. - More
risk on radio link failure (DCH)
Ec/No
Ec/Io
6 dB offset
Target cell
SHO E1A
report from UE
117.5 mW/ 822.5 mW =
Only 15% PwR for RL
(DCH) needed ,
improves capacity
RSCP
DCH DCH
offset offset of 8.45 of 8.45
dB for DCH dB for DCH
within AS within AS
+6 dB +6 dB
Ec/Io up Ec/Io up
sensitivity
29.15 dBm - 20.70 dBm= 8.45 dB
= 0.5,
P
tx_total
= 37dBm = 5.011 W
Ec/Io (measured by UE + modified by RNC) = -10dB + 6dB= - 4dB = 0.4
Therefore:
reported from UE
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 option a)
/
Therefore:
P
tx_init
= 2.82*64/3840 (1/0.4 2W - 0.5 5.011W) = 117.5 mW(20.70 dBm)
mW W W
s chip
bps
ower InitialDLP 5 . 117 ) 011 , 5 * 5 . 0 2 *
4 . 0
1
( *
/ 3840000
64000 * 82 . 2
= =
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 option b)
It is all about a bit 2 parameter in PRFILE It is all about a bit 2 parameter in PRFILE
This feature works correct This feature works correct
with MML Bit 2b, no offset with MML Bit 2b, no offset
for initial RRC RL setup for initial RRC RL setup
Used directly in
Option b)
If UE measured Ec/No of AS cell and target
cells in CRNC, highest CPICH Ec/No value is
used in the initial code power.
/
RSCP
CPICH
(dBm)
RSSI
RSCP
DCH DCH
coverage
Target cell
Initial SHO report from UE
PwR (dBm)
Ec/No
Used directly in
defining the initial
code power value -
Feature deactivated
used in the initial code power.
No additional offset is in use !
No offset No offset for for
DCH within AS DCH within AS
coverage/ coverage/
MML example: MML example:
Bit 2
Less PwR for RL improves
quick forcing of HO to new
target cell, and decrease total
PwR of each RL and increase
total cell capacity - but due to
more first RL PwR request no
Code power allocation summary (1/2)
/
coverage/ coverage/
CPICH area CPICH area
more first RL PwR request no
effectively gain for capacity
New short
term service
area for DCH
One or two links
SHO
Threshold
area
This solution is "eating" for set up of first RL high power. In case of low SHO probability - too
much reserved PwR for RL set up at cell edge, this PwR is missing for NRT service on cell
centre; (NRT services needs more PwR)
Bit 8
Bit 2
No change
Change here
Code power allocation summary (2/2)
Parameter settings and conclusion
/
Bit 2
No change
Change here
HSDPA Quality (1/8)
Inner loop PC
DL DCH
UE calculates SIR values
and compares BLER
target values from RNC
Power
command
up/down
HS-DSCH RL-
Adaptation/AMC DCH
RL PwR
PC
R99
BLER-target
RNC/via DCH
RRC signalling
HS-SCCH
R99 power control and HSDPA link adaptation
/
Iub
UE sends CQI values to
W-BTS (based on
evaluation of CPICH Ec/Io
values
HSDPA
target values from RNC
via DPCCH (DL). UE used
autonomic CRC check &
BER for DPDCH
estimation & PC feedback
via DPCCH (UL)
R99
DPCCH (PC)
HS-DPCCH
Outer loop
link adaptation
(correction of CQI,
internal - NACK/ACK,
HSDPA packet,
HARQ)
CQI/TBS
(inner loop)
HSDPA
AMC
Resource
management:
RNC dynamic
code allocation,
Dynamic power
allocation
BLER adaptation/
at AC
HSDPA/R99
BLER target adjustable BLER target adjustable
only for R99 only for R99
HSPA hard coded HSPA hard coded
HSDPA Channels
HS-PDSCH
High-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
Shared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
HS-DPCCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-SCCH
HS-DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
HSDPA Quality (2/8)
/
Fast power control in dependence on
CQI Feedback of UE
Fast power control parallel to DPCCH
with offset for CQI ACK/NACK
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
Link adaptation on HS-PDSCH
Link adaptation algorithm
UE monitors Ec/Io and learns about HS-PDSCH
transmission power (PHS-PDSCH SIG )
UE converts Ec/Io to CQI measured based on
internal algorithm
UE reports CQI every 4 ms (NSN solution)
Node B corrects reported CQI measured to CQI
compensated based on
Actual HS-PDSCH power PHS-PDSCH TRUE
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HSDPA Quality (3/8)
/
Actual HS-PDSCH power PHS-PDSCH TRUE
Number of ACK and NACK
Node B decides about transport block size for
next sub-frame
Modulation
Coding rate
Number of codes
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-SCCH
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
HS-DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-SCCH
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
HS-DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
Iub
CQI inner loop benchmark
new Es/Io new Es/Io
Bandwidth Bandwidth
CQI CQI
RSSI RSSI
PwR PwR
HS HS
DSCH DSCH
Es/Io Es/Io
HSDPA connection re-transmission originates
from: MAC-hs layer between UE and Node B
(HARQ)
AMC (QPSK/16 QAM, & convolution) - no PC
HSDPA Quality (4/8)
/
Link adaptations
QPSK
16 QAM
CQI outer loop benchmark with HARQ
HARQ HARQ
retransmission steps retransmission steps
Gp Gp
Es/No Es/No
More More
retransmissions retransmissions
less BLER less BLER
Outer loop link adaptation
ACK received transmission of
a packet
NACK/ACK received
transmission of a packet
HSDPA Quality (5/8)
/
convolution NET
3 retransmissions 3 retransmissions
Incremental redundancy = more Gp (processing gain)
Es/No Es/No
HS HS
DSCH DSCH
Gp Gp
RSSI RSSI
convolution NET
Es/No Es/No
HS HS
DSCH DSCH
RSSI RSSI
convolution NET
Es/No Es/No
HS HS
DSCH DSCH
RSSI RSSI
less BLER less BLER
RLC layer between UE and
RNC
TCP layer between UE and
application server
CQI
MEASURED
= 3
233 bits per TB (117 K)
e.g. P
HS-PDSCH SIG
= 37 dBm
CQI compensation makes it difficult to map reported CQI from UE log files
into expected HSDPA transport block size
X = 3 dB
CQI benchmark with compensation
HSDPA Quality (6/8)
/
e.g. P
HS-PDSCH TRUE
= 40 dBm
X = (40 37) dB = 3 dB
CQI
COMPENSATED
= 3 + 3 = 6
461 bits per TB (230 K)
X = 3 dB
in high-speed downlink packet access,
an indicator of the relative instantaneous
channel quality that is calculated using
the transmission time interval and
instantaneous and relative channel
throughput
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
Automatic PwR management
process no individual
improvement possible
CQI based power control on HS-SCCH
HSDPA Quality (7/8)
/
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-SCCH
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
HS-DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-SCCH
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
associated DCH
Dedicated Channel
HS-DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
Iub
Outer loop PC
Inner loop PC
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
CQI Class CQI cdf
CQI 27 is
10.8 Mbps at
BLER 10%
9.8 Mbps
CQI 28 is
11.7 Mbps at
BLER 10%
10.7 Mbps
Most typical
CQI= 22
DPA* improved
(HSDPA Power:
CQI benchmark example
HSDPA Quality (8/8)
/
Look at CQI distribution- better throughput with higher CQI
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
R
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3
0
0.00%
20.00%
40.00% (HSDPA Power:
6W->12W) CQI by 3dB
*DPA = Dynamic Power Allocation
Comparing of
SIR target /
SIR measured
in W-BTS
For R99/R6
AGCH, RGCH (PwR ratio)
Fast Link adaptation
HSUPA (DL)
R99
UE calculates SIR
target & BLER/BER
for DCH (OLPC)
R99
and E-DCH
(OLPC)
targets/differences
HSUPA
E-AGCH/E-RGCH is
relative to PtxCPICH!
AGCH, RGCH ->
E-TFC selection
HSUPA link adaptation and power control
HSUPA Quality (1/3)
/
Fast Link adaptation (UL)
Happy bits, E-DPCCH
Scheduling info E-DPDCH
HSUPA (UL)
Iub
Inner loop PC
Outer loop PC
DPCCH (R99)
SIR measured
E-DPCCH (R6)
SIR measured
Resource
management:
RNC dynamic
code allocation,
Dynamic power
allocation
BLER adaptation/
at AC
HSUPA/R99
BLER (defined by RNC)
(frame protocol) SIR
target send to W-BTS
SIR TARGET min/max for R99 adjustable only SIR TARGET min/max for R99 adjustable only
E-TFC selection
Scheduling
Grants
E-AGCH
Absolute Grant: E-RNTI & max. power ratio E-DPDCH/DPCCH
E-RGCH
Relative Grant: UP / HOLD / DOWN
E-DPCCH
L1 control:E-TFCI, re-transmission sequence number, happy bit
Node B
Scheduling Request
Scheduling information (MAC-e) or happy bit (E-DPCCH)
Scheduling
Grants
E-AGCH
Absolute Grant: E-RNTI & max. power ratio E-DPDCH/DPCCH
E-RGCH
Relative Grant: UP / HOLD / DOWN
E-DPCCH
Node B
Scheduling Request
Scheduling information (MAC-e) or happy bit (E-DPCCH)
HSUPA Quality (2/3)
HSUPA Channels
/
UE
E-DPDCH
User data & CRC
E-HICH
ACK/NACK
UE
E-DPDCH
User data & CRC
E-HICH
ACK/NACK
UE determines gain factor
ed,k
based on maximum A
ed
given by service grant and selected E-TFC
HSUPA benchmark (link adaptation)
Fast Link Adaptation
new C/I new C/I
Bandwidth Bandwidth
RTWP RTWP
AGH AGH
RGH RGH
PwR PwR
EE--
DCH DCH
C/I C/I
OLP SIR target R99/R6 OLP SIR target R99/R6
Change of SIR target based
on difference current BLER
related to target BLER
new SIR target new SIR target
PwR PwR
SIR SIR
Outer Loop PC
HSUPA Quality (3/3)
/
E-DPDCH
k

ed
=
c
* A
ed
E-DPDCH
k

ed
=
c
* A
ed
e.g. from 26 to
27 for RGCH
Transmission
power offset of
the E-AGCH/E-
RGCH is relative
to PtxCPICH!
Bandwidth Bandwidth
Bandwidth Bandwidth
RTWP RTWP
EE--
DCH DCH
SIR SIR
Comparing of
SIR target /
SIR measured
in W-BTS
For R99/R6
DPCCH (R99)
SIR measured
E-DPCCH (R6)
SIR measured
AMR features (1/3)
Coverage enhancement
Definition:
Procedure for the AMR speech
codec that is used to select the
most appropriate speech and
channel codec mode to apply at
a given time.
PwR PwR
(dBm) (dBm)
Receved power Receved power
DCH DCH
RSSI RSSI
/
With strong codec more
processing will improve
coverage area.
distance distance
Min sensitivity AMR
Min sensitivity no AMR
Coverage improvement
due to more processing
Quality improvement
New:
Semi-controllable load for streaming
services, load based AMR codec selection
feature:
WRAB object
look-up*
EbNo, Quality target
WRAB Id 1
EbNoOfCSNBAMR
EbNoDCHOfCSNBAMR122
EbNoDCHOfCSNBAMRb
Service Rate-Matching
DCH EbNo =
service specific
AC
AMR features (2/3)
/
EbNoDCHOfCSNBAMRQua
EbNoDCHOfCSNBAMRb
EbNoDCHOfCSNBAMRc
Site Specific Configuration
cell, WBTS specific
Eb/No impacts PwR over RSSI
Flexible processing
less load occupation
more capacity
RSSI RSSI
DCH DCH
new Eb/No new Eb/No
Bandwidth
PwR
Quality improvement
QoS class
Radio Access Bearer
Speech
AMR 12.2
AMR (12.2, 7.95, 5.90, 4.75)
AMR (5.90, 4.75)
AMR-WB (12.65, 8.85, 6.6)
CS Conversational CS C DCH:64/DCH:64
New:
AMR related to load -
standard Codec
4.75 / 5.9 / 7.95 / 12.2 and
enhanced 6.6 / 8.85 /
12.65)
AMR features (3/3)
/
QoS class Radio Access Bearer
PS Interactive / Background
PS I/B DCH/DCH
PS I/B DCH(16,64,128,384)/DL:HS-DSCH
PS I/B UL:E-DCH/DL:HS-DSCH
PS Streaming
PS S DCH(8,16,32,64,128)/DCH(8,16,32,64,128,256)
PS S DCH(16,64,128)/DL:HS-DSCH
PS S UL:E-DCH/DL:HS-DSCH
CS Streaming
CS S DCH(14.4)/DCH(14.4)
CS S DCH(57.6)/DCH(57.6)
Different criterion at
Admission Control for
CS speech and PS
streaming (Streaming
Load = Semi-
controllable load)
12.65)
Thank You !
Improvement Improvement
accomplished accomplished
/
Thank You !
Content
Propagation Delay
/
Propagation delay counters (1/3)
Range 60 km (this is fixed in RAS06)
bin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
from(m) 0 234 468 936 1170 1638 2106 3042 3978 4914 6084 7020 7956 10062 14976 19890 25038 29952 34866 40014 50076
PROP_DELAY (from) 0 1 2 4 5 7 9 13 17 21 26 30 34 43 64 85 107 128 149 171 214
to(m) 234 468 936 1170 1638 2106 3042 3978 4914 6084 7020 7956 10062 14976 19890 25038 29952 34866 40014 50076 infinite
PROP_DELAY (to) 0 1 3 4 6 8 12 16 20 25 29 33 42 63 84 106 127 148 170 213
bin size(m) 234 234 468 234 468 468 936 936 936 1170 936 936 2106 4914 4914 5148 4914 4914 5148 10062
1 PD step at Iub = 1 PD step at Iub =
PRACH delay classes
For PRACHDelayRange = 60 km
/
Remember ! Remember !
Multipath delays due to
multipath propagation (1 s
300 m path difference).
Components with delay
separation more than 1 chip
(0.260 s = 78 m) can be
separated and combined.
Via interface Iub PD is
given with 3 chip resolution
only.
78 m x 3 = 234 m distance 78 m x 3 = 234 m distance
Distance (PD with 3 chip
resolution)
P-RACH
PRACH propagation delay statistics is presented
using a distribution consisting of 21 counters
M1006C128-M1006C148.
One of the counters is updated by value 1 when the UE
sends RRC Connection Request or RRC Cell Update.
Each counter covers one or more PROP_DELAY values
and the mapping of measured values to counters can be
controlled by WCEL parameter PRACHDelayRange that
defines five different mapping tables for various cell sizes
(5, 10, 20, 60 and 180 km)
/
(5, 10, 20, 60 and 180 km)
M1006C128 the number of propagation delay values reported by BTS in which the
delay is in class 0 range
Classes from 0 to 20
Estimating of UE
BTS distances
based on PRACH
propagation
delay
Class 2 see
next slide (from
468 to 936 m)
300000
400000
500000
600000
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
average
CDF
PRACH example, RNC level, 2 weeks data
Main Distance 468-936 m
/
0
100000
200000
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
0
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
2
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
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S
_
3
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
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A
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S
_
4
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
5
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
6
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
7
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
8
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
9
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
0
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
1
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
2
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
3
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
4
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
5
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
6
P
R
A
C
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_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
7
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
8
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
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A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
1
9
P
R
A
C
H
_
D
E
L
A
Y
_
C
L
A
S
S
_
2
0
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
CDF
Propagation delay analysis RT versus NRT
It should be verified, whether
cells showing distant access
have fragmented dominance
outside the intended cell area
(introduced e.g. by reflection
due to the hilly terrain).
Furthermore it should be
proved, whether with a higher
RT/NRT services monitored at Iub
proved, whether with a higher
setting of the open loop power
control parameter PRACH
Required Received C/I
(default = -25 dB, e.g. shift to -
20 dB) unwanted distant access
will be avoided.

TOO
early
Access
1 chip approx. 78 m 120 chips approx. 936 m
Propagation delay analysis user mobility and cell overlap (1/2)
Worst cell during late afternoon
Average little i = 8.2
Impact of cell performance
/
Most access requests at cell edge
Check PRACH settings, not only strongest
interferers
Propagation delay / 3 chips
Propagation delay analysis user mobility and cell overlap (2/2)
/
Now most access requests
close to Node B
Take into account mobility
of the UEs
Worst cell much better in the morning
Average little i = 1.5
Propagation delay / 3 chips
Thank You !
Propagation Delay
/
Thank You !
Delay Delay
improved improved
Air interface and neighbor optimization
Propagation Delay
- Neighbour evaluation
- Cell matrix structure
- Cell overshooting
- Cell overlap and impact for RT/NRT traffic
/
- Cell overlap and impact for RT/NRT traffic
- Combined neighbour lists
Adjacency Based Measurements
Each cell has its own neighbouring cell list initially
defined by radio network planning. This is a list of those
neighbouring cells to which handover can be made.
The results of neighbour cell measurements can be used
to optimise those lists. The benefits of optimised lists are
better call quality and shorter handover delays.
Find strong candidates that are Find strong candidates that are
RNC
Serving
BTS
UEs
Neighbour evaluation (1/2)
/
Find strong candidates that are Find strong candidates that are
missing from actual definition missing from actual definition
Locate and delete unused adjacencies Locate and delete unused adjacencies
Identify and optimise badly performing Identify and optimise badly performing
adjacencies adjacencies
First evaluate Ec/Io and little i of First evaluate Ec/Io and little i of
serving cell due to overlap with serving cell due to overlap with
nearby cells nearby cells
Then check neighbour list to detect Then check neighbour list to detect
strong nearby cells not defined as strong nearby cells not defined as
adjacencies yet adjacencies yet
Neighbour evaluation (2/2)
/
Neighbour candidates Neighbour candidates
adjacencies yet adjacencies yet
-- # SC of CPICH canditates (visable)
- Ec/Io, RSCP
- Propagation delay (distance)
- # of reportings
- Intra/inter Node B relations
own
other
power Rx Total
power Rx Total
i
_ _
_ _
ce interferen cell own
ce interferen cell other
= =
Cell matrix structure (1/2)
Cell Matrix report show adjacent cell Cell Matrix report show adjacent cell
Example Example,
153 from total 163 event
1A reports indicate ADJ
SC 25
The average addition
window offset is only 1.24
dB, recommended
/
Cell Matrix report show adjacent cell Cell Matrix report show adjacent cell
properties in particular serving cell: properties in particular serving cell:
N (number) - Serving cell visibility =
Number of 1a reports indicating serving cell
ADJ DL SC DL SC of adjacent cell
ADJ N (number) - Adjacent cell visibility =
Number of 1a reports indicating adjacent cell
ADJ WIN_E1A - Average adjacent cell
window offset (dB)
ADJ i - Adjacent cell Little i * visibility
INTRA - Adjacent cell is from same site as
serving cell
dB, recommended
parameter setting is 4 dB
-too late access to this
cell
-too much overlap with
this cell
Visibility =
Number of reports
indicating neighbour n /
Total number of reports
Cell matrix structure (2/2)
Frequently reported
But not very strong
Very strong
But fortunately very
seldom reported
Very seldom reported
AND very weak
Remove from neighbor list
/
Check e.g. for local
reflection
Frequently reported
AND very strong
Check downtilt of neighbors
Check overshooting of neighbors
Check user distribution in server
Check SHO performance in server
Cell overshooting (1/2)
Low cell quality due to distant interferer overshooting problem
CPICH
/
Identify and optimise badly performing adjacencies Identify and optimise badly performing adjacencies
Too much Interference power from cell out of the cluster Too much Interference power from cell out of the cluster
(LOS / low path loss problem) (LOS / low path loss problem)
Cell overshooting (2/2)
Example
Number of RRC connection setups in cell 12671
Extremely distant
access because of
street canyon effect
/
street canyon effect
Cell overlap and impact for RT/NRT traffic (1/2)
0.6 0.6
0.25 0.25
0 0
0.5 0.5
Little i values indicates grade of
cell power overlap.
More overlap -> less throughput
per cell
0.75 0.75
1.5 1.5
510 kbps (I = 1.5) /
850 kbps (i = 0.75)
= 67% more throughput
/
Two times better little i
2/3 more speed per cell !
850 Kbps 850 Kbps
510 Kbps 510 Kbps
Little i = 1, Little i = 1,
Throughput Throughput
710 Kbps 710 Kbps
1150 Kbps, e.g little i 0.6 1150 Kbps, e.g little i 0.6
Example of DL/UL
distribution of different
services with fixed little
i value
From number of trunks
-> CE equivalent
Cell overlap and impact for RT/NRT traffic (2/2)
/
3 users a 384 k = 3 users a 384 k =
1200 Kbps 1200 Kbps
Dashed lines = UL
Solid lines = DL
Active Set may contain cells, which are not necessary adjacencies with each other.
The list of cells to be measured is send by the RNC in a MEASUREMENT CONTROL
message and is changed at every Active Set Update. The RNC then combines
the Neighbour lists according to the following rules:
1. Active set cells are included
2. Neighbour cells which are common to three active set cells are included
Combined neighbour lists (1/2)
Neighbour list combination procedure-
SHO/ISHO to undefined neighbour possible
/
2. Neighbour cells which are common to three active set cells are included
3. Neighbours which are common to the controlling cell and a second active set
cell are included. (cell, other than the controlling cell, which has the highest
CPICH Ec/Io)
4. Neighbour cells which are common to two active set cells are included
5. Neighbour cells which are defined for only one active set cell are included
6. Neighbours which are defined only for the second ranked cell are included
7. Neighbours which are defined only for the third ranked cell are included
If the total number of cells to be measured exceeds the maximum value of 32 during any step then
handover control stops the Neighbour list generation
Because of the combination explained in
the previous slide, it is possible to measure
handover activity between 2 cells which do
not have an adjacency defined between
them.
In this example intra-frequency
Neighboured
1
2
3
4
5
6
Neighboured
1
2
3
4
5
6
Combined neighbour lists (2/2)
/
In this example intra-frequency
adjacencies exist between cells 2-6 and 6-
7, but not between 2-7. Activity is
measured when the lists of cells 2 and 6
are combined and 7 can be added, while 2
is still the best cell in the Active Set. The
same effect applies for Inter-System list
combining
Not neighboured
6
7
8
9
UE path
Not neighboured
6
7
8
9
UE path
Thank You !
/
Thank You !
I found my new
neighbour but he is still
less strong than me!
Content
Propagation Delay
- Advanced measurement methods for adjacencies and adjacent cell interference
- Filters and SHO window analysis
/
Advanced measurement methods
SHO + DSR measurements
RSCP over Ec/Io analysis
Little i distribution and service detection
SHO/HHO share
/
Also non-neighbours can be measured with DSR. Both - incoming and
ongoing interference levels can be studied with certain cell pairs.
Interference information is based on UE measurements where the
signal strength and quality of every Primary Scrambling code is
reported to RNC.
CPICH
SHO + DSR measurements (1/2)
/
CPICH
non-neighbour
Detected set measurements are not
coming from undefined neighbours
(based on ICSU logs)
It is possible to see WCDMA internal internal
interference situation interference situation of certain cell
which is caused by other WCDMA caused by other WCDMA cells
(in terms of distance, RSCP and Ec/Io).
The analysis shows for example the number of measured adjacencies with
number of reports (SHO + DSR measurements) and if it is neighbour or not.
If there is lot of reports from non-neighbour cell it would make sense to add it
to the neighbour, at least if the distance is reasonable and if the RSCP levels
are high. This will mean that the cell could be interferer, especially if there is
not much SHOs (low SHO share %) to that cell (even with SHO combination).
DSR result
from no
SHO + DSR measurements (see also tool optimizer)
SHO + DSR measurements (2/2)
/
from no
neighbour
RSCP,EcNo
criteria
PwR PwR
(dBm) (dBm)
Ec/Io versus RSCP in DL
Ec/Io over RSCP will decrease Ec/Io over RSCP will decrease
over the entire area of the cell over the entire area of the cell
Break point Break point
to initiate HO events to initiate HO events
Ec/Io Ec/Io
RSSI RSSI
Ec/Io over RSCP analysis (1/3)
/
distance distance
Ec/Io
Ec/Io
RSCP RSCP
RSCP RSCP
-90
-80
-70
P

(
S
H
O

a
r
e
a
)
Good coverage and quality Good coverage, but bad quality
(interference problem with high
optimization demand)
RNC level
Each point in diagram indicates average performance of a cell
/
-110
-100
-90
-11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6
Average Ec/Io (SHO area)
A
v
e
r
a
g
e

R
S
C
P
Bad coverage and quality
(coverage problem with
high optimisation demand)
Bad coverage, but good quality
(coverage problem with
low optimisation demand)
E
C
/I
0
per call
RT calls (red)
Cell level
Each point in diagram indicates single measurement report
/
RSCP per call
Typical breakpoint around RSCP = -100 dBm
NRT calls (green)
little i = cell overlap by Tx power
Rx power
E
C
/I
0
cell centre
i = 0.3
i = 1.0
Little i distribution and service detection (1/8)
/
WBTS 1
E
C
/I
0
cell edge
E
C
/I
0
cell centre
WBTS 2
Other to own cell interference Other to own cell interference
ratio (i) in each cell: ratio (i) in each cell:
Little i shows stable and good
interference situations with low overlap
of power from neighbor cells.
Ratio of neighbour cell interference
to own cell interference, measured in initial cell
Initial cell interference detection
within each cell
/
of power from neighbor cells.
Quality is good in case of values less
then following values:
Macro cells 0.6
Micro cell 0.2
CELL A
CELL B
CELL C
Performance during
morning at RNC level
RNC level
Number of cells versus average little i
/
Performance during
late afternoon
Average little i within example area typically
around 1
In general too much overlap between the cells
Overall statistic looks stable in dependence on
time
The cell level interference performance
is very unstable (high little i derivation)
Little i varies in the average by 1!
Main reason is mobility of the users
--11 +1 +1
Approx. 90 % # of cells Approx. 90 % # of cells
(confidence interval) (confidence interval)
RNC level
Number of cells versus CHANGE of average little I during the course of the day
/
Main reason is mobility of the users
(see discussion under propagation
delay)
2
3
S
)
Speech (CS) services within
cells are situated in most cases
in areas of higher interference
level
RNC level
Each point in diagram indicates average performance of a cell
Little i for CS services versus little I for PS services
/
0
1
0 1 2 3
Average little i (PS)
A
v
e
r
a
g
e

l
i
t
t
l
e

i

(
C
S
Conclusion: Conclusion:
Cell shrinking effect more
effecting in PS services !
For PS services in most
cases less interference
than for CS ones
SHO overhead: again impact of cell shrinking
More effecting in PS services !
Cells starts decreasing of coverage
RNC level
Number of cells versus SHO probability for CS / PS services
/
Geographical distribution of little i within a small network
/
High little i values between neighboring sites and neighboring sectors only
In most areas good performance
Geographical distribution of the SCATTER of little i within a small network
/
Strong scatter especially in areas with high building density
Very low scatter in open areas
Example shows high LNF impacts
Causes
CPICH pollution
high power consumption
alternating / temporary IMP
SHO/HHO share provides distribution of HO attempts from the source cell
Useful detect neighbour relations which has exceptional amount of attempts
It is possible to get the total number of outgoing HO attempts from the Autodef
HO measurements by taking a sum over all the adjacencies reported for a
source cell
SHO HO Share (M1013 AutoDef SHO)
SHO/HHO share (1/2)
/
IFHO HO Share (M1014 AutoDef IFHO)
ISHO HO Share (M1015 AutoDef ISHO)
) _ _ _ _ _ ( _ _ _ _ _ _
) _ _ _ _ _ ( * 100
903 _ _ _
ATT SHO FREQ INTRA ADJ SHO cell the from adja all over Sum
ATT SHO FREQ INTRA ADJ SHO sum
a RNC Share SHO =
) _ _ _ _ _ ( _ _ _ _ _ _
) _ _ _ _ _ ( * 100
904 _ _ _
ATT HHO FREQ INTER ADJ HHO cell the from adja all over Sum
ATT HHO FREQ INTER ADJ HHO sum
a RNC Share IFHO =
) _ _ _ _ _ ( _ _ _ _ _ _
) _ _ _ _ _ ( * 100
905 _ _ _
ATT HHO SYS INTER ADJ HO cell the from adja all over Sum
ATT HHO SYS INTER ADJ HO sum
a RNC Share ISHO =
The SHO/HHO success rate per adjacency can be calculated by using formulas below
Can be used to detect badly performing neighbours
SHO Success per Adjacency (M1013 AutoDef SHO)
) _ _ _ _ _ (
) _ _ _ _ _ ( * 100
900 _ _ _ _ _
ATT SHO FREQ INTRA ADJ SHO sum
COMPL SHO FREQ INTRA ADJ SHO sum
a RNC ADJS per success SHO =
SHO/HHO share (2/2)
/
IFHO Success per Adjacency (M1014 AutoDef IFHO)
ISHO Success per Adjacency (M1015 AutoDef ISHO)
) _ _ _ _ _ (
) _ _ _ _ _ ( * 100
901 _ _ _ _ _
ATT HHO FREQ INTER ADJ HHO sum
COMP HHO FREQ INTER ADJ HHO sum
a RNC ADJI per success IFHO =
) _ _ _ _ _ (
) _ _ _ _ _ ( * 100
902 _ _ _ _ _
ATT HHO SYS INTER ADJ HO sum
COMPL HHO SYS INTER ADJ HO sum
a RNC ADJG per success ISHO =
SHO ping-pong
In some cells (= best active cell)
we detect the following:
many active set updates during an
ongoing call !
Check:
Signalling performance
Filters and SHO window analysis (1/7)
/
Signalling performance
CPICH pollution
Layer 3 filtering coefficient
SHO Ping-Pong
Number of cells
RT calls (red)
NRT calls (green)
Too late event 1A reporting
Reference PAR
4 dB addition window
Check:
Layer 3 filtering
Addition time
/
Average E
C
/I
0
difference: Serving cell best neighbor
Initial event 1a report is transmitted, the best adjacent cell is compared with the server
Often this offset is already much lower (stronger neighbor impact) than according the
addition window recommendations especially for NRT calls!
This means too late access with new neighbor ship (active set update)!
Too late event 1B reporting
Number of cells
RT calls (red)
NRT calls (green)
Check:
Layer 3 filtering
Drop time
/
First event 1b report is transmitted, the best active cell is compared with the worst one
Often this offset is already much bigger than according the drop window
recommendations!
This means too late drop of the worst active cell (active set update)!
Average E
C
/I
0
difference: Best active cell worst active cell
Reference PAR
6 dB drop window
Drop time
Consequences of too late event 1A trigger: Consequences of too late event 1A trigger:
RRC connection might be released, as due to too late E1A RRC release margin might be exceeded!
If RRC release margin is not applied, call might drop nevertheless due to high adjacent cell interference, as
neighbor already dominates, which is still not active
Solution: Solution:
Shift Ec/Io filter coefficient e.g. down from 600ms to 400 ms
Low addition window size < 4 dB reduces SHO area > coverage gaps are produced because of too small
overlap area between the cells
/
CELL A
Neighbour then new serving
CELL B
Serving
Ec/Io
Ec/Io
Too late trigger from cell B to cell A Too late trigger from cell B to cell A
Strong dominance area
(quality, RSCP)
SHO area SHO area
RRC Release Margin, due to too high
interference area (NSN default: neighbour 2.5
till 3.5 dB stronger then serving cell)
+ 3 dB
low low
Interference Interference
Neighbor cell up to 18dB stronger than serving cell !! Neighbor cell up to 18dB stronger than serving cell !!
Release margin
E1A triggered in time
Drop of Ec/Io quality because of too late event 1A triggering
/
Event 1A window size versus Ec/Io quality within individual cell Event 1A window size versus Ec/Io quality within individual cell
Too late E1A trigger
Too small SHO area
Release margin or very low quality will drop UE
High High
Interference Interference
E1A triggered in time
Enough overlap between cells
Acceptable quality
EcNoFilterCoefficient (FMCS) EcNoFilterCoefficient (FMCS)
Defines the filtering period for intra Defines the filtering period for intra--
frequency CPICH Ec/Io measurements used frequency CPICH Ec/Io measurements used
by UE (default = 600ms) by UE (default = 600ms)
Filter response
0
t
13579
1
1
1
3
1
5
1
7
1
9
2
1
2
3
2
5
2
7
2
9
3
1
3
3
Filter response
0
t
1 3 5 7 9
1
1
1
3
1
5
1
7
1
9
2
1
2
3
2
5
2
7
2
9
3
1
3
3
Filter coefficient improvement
EcNoAveragingWindow (FMCS) EcNoAveragingWindow (FMCS)
Defines the number of event triggered or periodic intra Defines the number of event triggered or periodic intra
frequency measurement reports used by RNC to calculate frequency measurement reports used by RNC to calculate
averaged CPICH Ec/Io (default = 8 Measurements) averaged CPICH Ec/Io (default = 8 Measurements)
EcNoAveragingWindow
averaging by RNC
HOPS ; 1..32; 1; 8
/
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
Measurements
V
a
l
u
e
,

d
B
Measured
Filtered, k = 3
Filtered, k = 5
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
t
1 3 5 7 9
1
1
1
3
1
5
1
7
1
9
2
1
2
3
2
5
2
7
2
9
3
1
3
3
Measurements
V
a
l
u
e
,

d
B
Measured
Filtered, k = 3
Filtered, k = 5
Delay of fast changes
EcNoFilterCoefficient
filtering by UE
FMCS; 0.2..1.6; 0.2; 0.6 s
LOS
Non LOS = strong LNF
Filter coefficient improvement
No SHO initiated due to too strong filter setting and too long filtering period
Shift Ec/Io filter coefficient from 600 ms to 400 ms
Shortens filter coefficient averaging and evaluation of Ec/Io values
Will respect better strong LNF impacts by more alternating of Ec/Io within short period
Less good Ec/Io reports within serving cell will force quicker initiating of SHO therefore SHO area will
be increased
But too low filter period produced very unstable Ec/Io values
Will increase probability of ping pong at drop window (SHO area decrease)
/
Thank You !
/
Thank You !
less CPICH
measurements per day
can improve my personal
performance more
efficient
Content
Propagation Delay
- Adjacency based measurement counters
- Automated adjacency optimization
/
- Automated adjacency optimization
- Example: SHO success at RNC border
Adjacency Based Measurements Counters
M1013 Autodef SHO
M1013C0 Number of Intra Frequency SHO attempts
Counter is Updated when SRNC starts a Branch Addition or Branch Replacement procedure.
M1013C1 Number of completed Intra Frequency SHO
Counter is updated when SRNC successfully ends the Branch Addition or Branch Replacement
procedure.
M1014 Autodef IFHO
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
/
M1014 Autodef IFHO
M1014C0 Number of Inter Frequency HHO attempts
Counter is updated when SRNC starts inter-frequency HHO
M1014C1 Number of completed Inter Frequency HHO
Counter is updated when SRNC successfully ends inter-frequency HHO
M1015 Autodef ISHO
M1015C0 Number of Inter System HHO attempts
Counter is updated when SRNC starts inter-system HHO
M1015C1 Number of completed Inter System HHO
Counter is update when SRNC receives RANAP:IU RELEASE COMMAND from core network after
successful Inter System HHO
For each measurements (SHO, IFHO
and ISHO) Statistic show:
# of HO attempts
# of HO completed (successful)
to source and target cell objects
Measurement is carried out in SRNC
HO completion is considered
successful if the SRNC during the
handover decision does not detect
Adjacency Based Measurements Counters
/
handover decision does not detect
any errors (errors in the source RNC
side or failure messages from
RRC/Iu/Iur/Iub interfaces)
Object identifiers for M1013 and M1014
Source-RNC/Source-CID
Target-RNC/Target-CID
MCC/MNC
Object identifiers for M1015 (ISHO)
Source-RNC/Source-CID
GSM-LAC/GSM-CID
MCC/MNC
Automated Adjacency Optimisation for 3G in Optimizer 2.0
Accurate and efficient process for optimizing
operational WCDMA cell adjacencies.
Measurement based optimization
Current adjacency status analysis
Deletion of unused adjacencies
based on KPIs
/
based on KPIs
HO attempts, HO success
Adjacency candidate identification,
activation and measurement
Interfering intra-frequency cells
Cell pair Ec/No difference from WCDMA
Neighbour cell signal strength from GSM
Final adjacency list optimization
Scrambling code re-allocation
Full visibility and control to the user
Automated Adjacency Optimisation for 3G in Optimizer 2.0
/
Creating new adjacencies
A fast way to identify missing intra-frequency
adjacencies
Interference measurements colleted from
RNC
New adjacencies can be created based on
that statistics
Rotation method used to achieve the optimal
/
Rotation method used to achieve the optimal
lists
for other adjacency types
Optimizer creates adjacency candidates
Candidates are downloaded to network and
measured
Statistics collected directly from RNC
Cell pair Ec/No difference
Successful BSIC verifications & BSIC verification
time
Final adjacency list is generated
Optimizer will show adjacency based SHO amounts for
undefined neighbours. Purpose is to search all ADJS and
ADJG new neighbours which are within certain max distance
Example 1-5 km in urban area and 4-10 km outside urban
Creating ADJx based on PM data (AutoDef)
/
Example 1-5 km in urban area and 4-10 km outside urban
area.
After that only those will be selected which have enough
SHO/ISHO attempts.The selected neighbours could be
provisioned straight away to the network
How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-1
1. Select area from the map
and start the ADJ Optimization tool
/
2. Select ADJG, ADJS and ADJW types
3. Select right actions from rules,
common Deletion and
Creation tabs
/
5. Start from here
6. Save plan from here with
any name
/
4. Purpose is to search all ADJS and ADJG new
neighbours which are within certain max distance like
1-5 km in urban area and 4-10 km outside urban area.
After that only those will be selected which have
enough SHO/ISHO attempts.
7. List all new neighbors
/
8. Select the whole week
or one day for PM data analysis
10. Update the list of
Neighbours from here
9. Select the right profile to
browser (ADJG, ADJS)
/
Neighbours from here
11. Sort according to
the PM attempts
12. See the ADJ on top of the map
13. Provision the selected neighbors to the network
/
Note ! These neighbors are defined only for one way direction.
See next slides how to make those bi-directionally (Refresh
actual operation with RAC)
14. Open the CM data exchange
under the main window
15. Select refresh actual and wait
Until the data is updated
/
16. Open the adjacency optimization without selecting any
tabs from Deletion or Creation, just to find just created one way ADJx
17. Save the plan and list the planned elements
18. You can see now the ADJx neigbours which
can now provisioned to the network
/
Creating ADJx based on DSR measurements (ICSU)
Detected set measurements are not coming from
undefined neighbours (based on ICSU logs)
Aim is to find source of interference
cell having many DSR results but no SHO
attempts (with neighbour list combination list)
/
attempts (with neighbour list combination list)
Solutions
Add found cell to the neighbour
Down tilt to decrease the interference
DSR measurements are suitable also for ADJG
neighbours
DSR activation
When DSR is not activated, UE monitors only cells in its NCL (either read from
BCCH or sent from RNC in SHO case).
When DSR IS activated, UE scans ALL scrambling codes in same frequency
band and if cells are found that fulfil certain criteria, UE reports this/these
cell(s) as detected cells.
Creating ADJx based on DSR measurements (ICSU)
/
criteria for detection is that UE has to be able to detect if Ec/N0 is greater than
-18 (or -20???) dB
for a DSR to be triggered, detected cell/s must fulfill "normal" HO criteria, i.e.
for example, are within the reported range relative to P-CPICH of strongest AS
cell.
Details of activation :MML command that is sent to RNC that sets some flag
active and RNC orders UE to measure and report. It can be done by HIT
macro, but Optimizer is not (supposed to) using them but same commands
that are in HIT macros are sent directly to RNC.
SHO Success Ratio RNC2 border with RNC3 Data before parameter change
SHO success at RNC border
/
SHO success at RNC border
SHO Success Ratio RNC2 border with RNC3 Data after parameter change
/
Thank You !
Net doctor can help most
More sports
Less smoking, asks
NetAct optimizer
/
Thank You !
NetAct optimizer
Ec/No for Admission Control
The cell specific Ec/NoAC could be derived from the reported Ec/NoUE using the formula:
Ec/NoAC = MAX (Ec/NoUE delta, -24dBm)
Where delta is:
6 dB if the bit 8 of the PRFILE parameter 007:0283 is set to 0
0dB if the bit 8 of the PRFILE parameter 007:0283 is set to 1
Ptx,init
/
PRFILE parameters
PRFILE = General Parameter File
The system has a group of features which are not included in the basic software of
the network element delivery
The customer may decide to include them in the software
All info about controlling these features is included in PRFILE
One has to keep track of the PRFILE changes since every software upgrade will
return the default values
Parameter 007:0283 RN_40_MAINT_013
RNC Maintenance reservation
/

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Module 3 Air interface and neighbour optimization

3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20 (4/5)

noise rise noise rise

= tx_total CPICH tx,

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