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= v
.S
Bo qua ro r:
Q
B
= Q
B
B
S
Q
S
Q
v = =
Truyn ng thuy kh Huynh Vn Hoang 5
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Copyright(C) by Foxit Software Company,2005-2008
For Evaluation Only.
I
II
III
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh Huynh Vn Hoang 6
Nu bo qua tn tht ct ap:
+ Ap sut trong xi lanh cua bm
B
B
S
F
p = c truyn n xi lanh lc va gy ra lc lam
cho piston chuyn ng:
F
= p.S
S
, S
B
: Din tch lam vic cua piston.
+ Cng sut bm: N
B
= p.Q
B
= F
B
.V
B
+ Cng sut ng c thuy lc: N
= p.Q
= F
.V
= N
B
(Truyn cng sut khng mt mat)
b. Truyn ng thuy lc co chuyn ng quay:
1- Bm (kiu rto hay piston rto).
1
2
4
3
2- Van an toan.
3- Van phn phi (khoa phn phi).
4- ng c thuy lc (kiu rto hay piston rto).
Hanh trnh: T b vao bm vao van phn phi vao
ng c thuy lc ri tr v b. Sau bm co van an
toan thao v b.
Q
= q
.n
= n
B
B
q
q
Hnh 2 S h
q
B
- Lu lng ring cua bm
M men ng c: M
n 2
M
= p.q
M
=
n 2
n . q . p
=
2
q . p
p- Ap sut lam vic
-Nhn xet:
a. Nu bo qua tn tht lu lng, ap sut th vn tc cua ng c (Chuyn ng tnh tin
hay quay vong) phu thuc Q
,
Q
B
. Ngha la bin thin lu lng Q
,
Q
B
th ta co th bin
thin c cu chp hanh.
Thc t: Do co ro r lu lng nn lu lng vao ng c nho hn lng cung cp.
xem lai luu luong rieng cua bom
piston roto va roto
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Software Company,2005-2008
For Evaluation Only.
N = M.w >> M = N/w
sai
N = p.Q = p.q.n
=w
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh Huynh Vn Hoang 7
Q
= Q
B
- Q
Ma tn tht lu lng ty l vi ap sut:
Q = k.p
k- H s ro r (Gia tr t thc nghim)
v
B
S
Q
-
S
kp
Nh vy: Vn tc cua ng c trong thc t khng ch phu thuc vao bm Q
B
ma con
phu thuc vao ap sut lam vic cua h thng du Q
B
= const nu ap sut trong h thng tng
th vn tc cua ng c thuy lc giam. Nu ap sut tng n lu lng ro r bng lu lng
bm th vn tc cua ng c thuy lc bng 0. Luc nay cht long trong h thng b thao
hoan toan qua van an toan va khe h trong h thng, hin tng nay goi la hin tng qua
tai.
b. i vi lc va mmen cua ng c th chung phu thuc vao ap sut cua ng c va cac
thng s hnh hoc cua ng c. Nu cac thng s hnh hoc khng i va ap sut khng i
(p=const) th lu lng va mmen quay cung khng i.
Nu bin thin S
hoc q
=
6. Cac b phn phu:
6.1 ng dn: Dung dn cht long t bm n ng c thuy lc truyn nng lng.
Tuy theo iu kin lam vic cua ng va s ro r cua cht long tai cac khp ni. Tnh toan
ng dn ging nh ng thuy lc.
6.2 Thung cha:Thng thng th tch bng 5 6 ln th tch lam vic.
Trong mt s trng hp nng cao hiu sut bm va giam ting n ngi ta cho bm
ngp vao cht long cua thung cha, iu nay co th lam tng th tch cua thung. Th tch
phn khng kh trn mt thoang cua thu ng chim khoang (10 15)% th tch cua thung.
Co th chon thung kn hoc h.
tng hiu sut cua bm th
chon thung kn trn mt thoang
co ap sut d.
6.3 B loc du: Dung loc cn
bn cua du. Tuy theo chc nng
cua h thng chon cac loc: loc
thm, loc la, loc li, loc hoa
hoc hoc loc ly tm.
Khi t h thng loc cn chu
y:
- Giam sc can ti thiu
cua loc i vi dong
chay.
- B loc nn b tr trn
ng ng chnh.
Kh nen
Piston
Hnh 16
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 15
6.4 Bnh tch nng: Trong h thng thuy lc co nhu cu nng lng khac nhau ma ngun
nng lng cua bm th khng i. am bao h thng lam vic bnh thng ngi ta
dung bnh tch nng.
Bnh tch nng co nhim vu tr nng lng cua h thng tha khng dung ht va cung
cp nng lng khi vt qua yu cu (vt kha nng cua bm).
Co nhiu loai bnh tch nng:
- Trong vt.
- Lo xo.
- Thuy lc.
6.5 Rle:
- Rle ap sut: thc hin nhim vu khi at gia tr nh mc.
- Rle thi gian: iu chnh lam vic ng b gia hai thit b theo thi gian quy nh.
7. Phng phap iu chnh vn tc c cu chp hanh: Cac thng s c ban cua truyn
ng thuy l c co chuyn ng tnh tin la vn tc piston va lc tac dung ln piston.
Con trong h thng chuyn ng quay: vn tc quay va mmen quay
T cac cng thc a hoc chung ta co th iu chnh c 2 phng phap vn tc.
- iu chnh th tch lam vic cua bm hay ng c thuy lc (phng phap th tch).
- Phng phap tit lu: Dung tit lu iu chnh lu lng.
a. Phng phap th tch: Chuyn ng quay
n
= q
p
/q
.n
B
Ta chon n
B
= const
- Thay i q
B
.
- Thay i q
.
- Thay i q
B
,q
.
Nu: q
B
th n
q
th n
Cac thng s khac:
M
= p
.q
/2
p
= const M
= f(q
) Nu q
thay i khng lam M
thay i.
Nu thay i lu lng ring: N
= q
.n
.p
Khi iu chnh vn tc quay cua r to bng cach thay i lu lng cua bm th cng
sut trn truc ng c ty l bc nht vi q
B
.
Nu iu chnh vn tc bng cach thay i q
th N
= const.
* Cach thc thay i lch tm e bm:
ng c thuy lc:
max
B B B
q .
n . q .
n
=
2
p . q .
M
max
M = N/w = pQ/w= ....
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Software Company,2005-2008
For Evaluation Only.
neu qB thay doi ko lam MD thay doi
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 16
max
e
e
=
Vn tc quay cua r to ng c thuy lcphu thuc vao
B
va
.
Kt lun: Khi thay i lu lng cua bm th n
= v
se thay i t 0 ( = 0) n max
( = max)
Khi thay i q
vn tc ng c thuy lc thay i t (
= 0) max(
=1).
Nh vy: V mt ly thuyt chung ta co th thay i vn tc cua ng c t 0 1.
Trong thc t vn tc n
=
F P
1
P
5
y piston van giam ap xung Q P
4
P
4
- P
5
= const
Hnh 20: F P
2
P
2
piston ong bt ca van giam ap P
4
P
4
- P
5
= const.
Hnh 21: F P
2
P
A
P
B
P
4
ong bt piston P
4
.
9. Truyn ng theo doi (Tuy ng):
- Co lin h ngc kim tra cac thng s lam vic
ng c
thuy lc
B phn
so sanh
B phn
nhn ra lnh
Lin h
ngc
B phn
chp hanh
Ngun tac
ng
III. Truyn ng thuy ng:
Dung hai loai may cach dn: bm li tm va tuc bin cach dn
Truyn dng nng lng t truc dn sang truc b dn:
- Khp ni thuy lc.
- Bin tc thuy lc.
1. Khp ni thuy lc: La kt cu n gian nht cua truyn ng va tuy ng.
Cu tao: Gm 2 banh cng tac: Banh bm va banh tuc bin.
Nh vy: Mmen quay c truyn t truc bm sang truc tuc bin cht long se ra khoi
banh bm va banh tuc bin va lp lai chuyn ng trn mt cach tun hoan mi phn t
trong khp ni thuy lc thc hin ng thi 2 chuyn ng: chuyn ng tun hoan t
banh bm sang banh tuc bin sang banh bm va chuyn ng quay quanh truc khp ni.
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 19
Tng hp 2 chuyn ng nay
cho ta chuyn ng xon c
cua cac phn t cht long
trong khp ni thuy lc.
Cht long
B ng
Chu ng
T
B
Hnh 23
2. Bin tc thuy lc: Gm 3 banh:
- Banh bm.
- Banh tuc bin.
- Banh phan ng.
Khi cn thay i mmen quay gia truc bm va truc tuc bin th ngi ta dung bin tc
thuy lc, thng dung tng mmen quay gia truc b dn v s vong quay cua truc b
dn lun lun nho hn s vong quay
truc dn.
Nguyn ly lam vic:Tng t nh
khp ni thuy lc.
- Banh phan ng co tac dung nh
sau:
+ Thay i hng dong chay cho phu
hp v i li vao cua banh cng tac tip
theo
+ Thay i tr s vn tc cua dong
chay cho phu hp vi li vao cua banh
cng tac tip theo. S d goi la phan ng
v cht long khi i qua banh nay truyn cho no mt mmen quay nhng v banh c nh
vi vo co tac dung nh mt im ta va truyn lai cho cht long mt mmen ng lng (
mmen phan ng).
B
D
T
n
T
n
B
Hnh 24
Nu banh phan ng quay th mmen quay cua truc dn truyn qua truc b dn khng
thay i khi o bin tc thuy lc lam vic nh khp ni thuy lc.
S khac nhau: Cht long bin tc thuy lc lun lun in y th tch lam vic, co n
khp ni thuy lc co luc y co luc khng y.
3. Cac thng s h thng truyn ng thuy ng:
Cng sut lam vic trn truc dn, truc bm:
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 20
Truc bm:
P B
B B
B
.
H . v . g .
N
=
Truc dn:
T B B
. H . Q . g . N =
T
B
D
1
2
4
3
5
6
D
2
N
T
=
TT
.N
B
=
B
.
T
.
P
.N
B
B
= (
Q
.
H
.
CK
)
B
=
CKT
.
QTD
.
HD
Ty s truyn:
B
T
n
n
i =
H s bin tc:
B
T
M
M
K =
N = M. =
30
n .
. M
Hnh 25
i n
n
.
N
N
M
M
K
T
B
B
T
B
T
= = =
Hiu sut: = K.i
Cac phng trnh c ban:
Mmen cua banh bm M
B
:
M
B
=
2
1
.Q(C
2u
.D
2
- C
1u
D
1
)
Mmen cua banh truc:
M
T
=
2
1
.Q(C
4u
.D
4
- C
3u
D
3
)
Mmen cua banh phan ng:
M
P
=
2
1
.Q(C
6u
.D
6
- C
5u
D
5
)
Q- Lu lng i qua h thng
M
B
+ M
T
+ M
P
=
2
1
.Q(C
2u
.D
2
- C
1u
D
1
+ C
4u
.D
4
- C
3u
D
3
+ C
6u
.D
6
- C
5u
D
5
)
C
1u
.D
6u
= C
6u
.D
6u
C
2u
.D
2u
= C
3u
.D
3u
Khng thay i tr s mmen ng lng.
C
4u
.D
4u
= C
5u
.D
5u
M
B
+ M
T
+M
P
= 0
Tng ai s mmen ng lng quay cua cac banh trong truyn ng thuy lc bng 0.
Phng trnh mmen:
M
B
+ M
T
+M
P
= 0
Phng trnh ct ap:
H
B
= H
T
+h
t
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 21
h
t
- Ct ap tn tht.
h
t
= h
tB
+ h
tT
+ h
tB
h
t
- Tn tht nhit lam nong cht long lam cho cht tach va bc chay.
Tn tht:
- Tn tht do ma sat b mt canh dn, phu thuc: kch thc, hnh dang canh dn,
nht dong chay, nham b mt.
- Do s thay i t ngt v phng chuyn ng cua dong chay nht la tai cac li vao
cac banh (hin tng tach dong chay, va p thuy lc ca vao, xoay...).
- Do s thay i nng vn tc dong chay tai cac phn thu hep cac ranh banh cng
tac.
Trong qua trnh thit k c gng giam tn tht ti thi u nng cao hiu sut b
truyn ng thuy ng.
4. c tnh khp ni:
- Khp ni thuy lc ch truyn mmen quay ma khng bin i tr s cua no
M
B
+ M
T
= 0
M
T
= - M
B
V vy khi co s thay i tai trong trn truc tuc bin s vong quay truc tuc bin cung
thay i, lam thay i vn tc banh cng tac. Dn n thay i mmen quay cua banh tuc
bin sao cho cn bng vi mmen quay cua phu tai M
T
= -M
B
Khp ni thuy lc la loai truyn ng thuy ng truyn ap nng t truc bm sang truc
tuc bin thng qua s chuyn ng cht long trong banh cng tac n
T
< n
B
.
Hiu s gia vong quay cua banh bm va banh tuc bin chia cho banh bm (s) c goi
la h s trt cua khp ni thuy lc
i
n
n
n
n n
s
B
T
B
T B
= =
= 1 1
KNTL
= i
- Nu s = 0 i = 1 n
T
= n
B
th ap sut cht long vi tac dung lc ly tm li ra banh
maxKNTK
M
B
N
B
N
T
Hnh 26
23%
n
B
=const
M,N
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 22
bm va li vao banh tuc bin bng nhau. cht long khng co chuyn ng tng i t
banh bm sang banh tuc bin khi o h thng quay nh vt rn Q = 0 M = 0
- Nh vy khp ni lam vic khi n
T
< n
B
s = (2 3)%; = i = (97 98)%
- ng c tnh ngoai: M, N = f(i)
(c tnh trong la H-Q)
n
b
= var ( thay i) c tnh tng hp: Cht long khac nhau
1
>
2
>
3
ma cung mt
loai khp ni thuy lc.
Cht long in y khac nhau trong khp ni thuy lc: 90% in y hoan toan, 10%
thoat hi.
2
1
= const ma kt
cu khac nhau
Hnh 27
Vung lam vic khng n
nh (co bc nhay)
Hnh 28
M
i
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 23
Khi h s trt s = 0 th khng co s chuyn ng tng i cua cht long trong cac
banh cua khp ni thuy lc.
Cht long
n
T
n
B
s = 0
Hnh 29
n
T
Dong ln
n
B
s = 0,05 0,1
Hnh 30
n
B
s = 0,4 0,45
Hnh 32
Dong nho
n
T
Hnh 31
s = 0,3 0,35 n
B n
T
Khi tng tai trong cua truc tuc bin s = (0,01 0,05) s vong quay banh tuc bin giam
gy ra chuyn ng tng i cua cht long trong banh.
Nu s = (0,3 0,35) th cht long co xu hng dch chuyn v banh tuc bin nhiu hn
tao thanh vung khep kn rng gia.
Tip tuc tng mmen can s = (0,4 0,45) th vong khep kn se ln dn.
S bin i trang thai t vong khep kn nho sang vong khep kn ln xay ra t ngt lam
mmen tng t ngt lam mt n nh ch lam vic kh p ni.
Khc phuc: Lam sao cho cht long ch chuyn ng mt vong. Lp thm trn banh mt
a chn th khp ni thuy lc chuyn ng n nh.
Phn loai:
- Khp ni thuy lc co canh trong va khng co canh trong.
- Khp ni thuy lc co th iu chnh c va khng iu chnh c (thay i q).
Phn loai bin tc thuy lc:
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 24
- Phn loai: 1 cp, 2 cp,3 cp
+ 1 cp: co 1 canh tuc bin. Phu thuc vao s lng banh tuc bin
+ 2 cp: co 2 canh tuc bin.
- Phn loai: Bin tc thuy lc co canh c nh va bin tc thuy lc hn hp.
5. c im bin tc thuy lc: Bin tc thuy thay i mmen quay (M).
Hnh 33
Thay i q
M
T
+ M
B
+ M
P
= 0 (M
B
> 0)
a. Lp banh phan ng P, sau bm B, trc tuc bin T: Tao c dong chay vao banh
tuc bin T la hp ly nht.
b. Lp banh phan ng sau tuc bin T, sau bm B:
M
T
= M
B
Hng dong chay ra hp ly song giam cng sut trn B.
Kha nng t ng iu chnh ch lam vic. Khi bin tc lam vic ch n nh
th mmen cua banh tuc bin bng mmen can. Nu mmen can ln hn mmen cua banh
tuc bin th banh tuc bin quay chm lai, lu lng tun hoan hoan qua cac banh cng tac
se tng ln lam tng mmen tuc bin. Khi lu lng tng ln, Phng vn tc tuyt i ca
vao va ca ra banh cng tac cung tng ln lam tng ap lc cua cht long ln canh dn.
Nu tai trong bn ngoai giam th s vong quay banh tuc bin tng, lam giam mmen
quay cua banh tuc bin, dn n thit lp trang thai cn bng mi.
Chu y:
Mmen quay cua banh tuc bin thay i nh th nao (mmen can quyt nh) th
mmen quay banh bm khng i. iu nay thay i c bng cach thit k canh dn
banh cng tac va b tr canh dn cho thch hp.
Mmen quay cua banh phan ng M
P
, thng thng M
P
= M
B
- M
T
, M
P
thay i khi tai
tro ng bn ngoai thay i. Ging nh banh tuc bin, ch khac la mmen nay thay i ca v
du, ngha la thay i v hng tac dung, cu th la hng tac dung cung vi M
B
M
P
>
0, ngc lai th M
B
< 0. Con hng M
P
phu thuc vao bin tc thuy lc.
ng c tnh cua bin tc thuy lc:
Trng ai Hoc Bach khoa a Nng
Truyn ng thuy kh 25
M
i
BTTL hn hp
KNTL
M
B
max
Hnh 34
F phu tai
P
1
P*
CCPP
P*
Van an toan
tran
Tit lu
Bm
Tit lu
F phu tai
P
1
P
1
*
Van an toan
tran
Bm
CCPP P
P2
P3
P
2
P
2
*
Hnh 18 Tit lu t sau xi lanh lc
Hnh 17 Tit lu t trc xi lanh lc