Outdoor Exposure Guide

SUBJECT
Average Subjects: Near - by
People, Gardens, Houses,
Scenes not in shade.
Bright Subjects: Near - by
People in Marine, Beach, and
Snow Scenes. Scenics wi th
foreground objects.
Brilliant Subjects: Beach, Ma-
rine, and Snow Scenes, Dis-
tant Landscapes and Moun-
tains wi t hout prominent dark
objects in the foreground.
Shaded Subjects: People, Gar-
dens, and other subjects in
Open Shade (lighted by open
sky, not under trees, porch
roof, etc.).
Moving Objects: When photo-
graphing a moving object such
as a runner, train or an auto-
mobile, the subject should be
moving towards or away from
the camera at an angle of
about 45 degrees.
LENS
OPENI NG
//12. 5
//1 6
f/22
//12.5
f/32
//12.5
SHUTTER
SPEED
"1"
"I "
"I"
"I"
T
1 sec.
"I"
Exposures are for the hours from one hour after sun-
rise unt i l one hour before sunset on days when the sun
is shining. If pictures are made earlier or later, or if it
is a slightly cloudy or hazy day, use a larger lens open-
ing. This table is for Kodak Verichrome and Plus-X
Fi lms.
With Kodak Super-XX Panchromatic Film use the
nest smaller lens opening.
For Kodacolor Fi lm, follow the exposure guide packed
wi t h t he f i lm.
V I G I L A N
J U N I O R S
X-20 A
W I T H K O D E T L E N S A N D O A K S H U T T E R
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T HE RE AR E
TO GOOD
PI CTURES WI TH
YOUR KODAK VI GI LANT JUNIOR
WITH the Kodak Vigilant Junior clear,
sharp pictures can be made right from
the start, outdoors or indoors, in the
daytime or at night.
The six easy steps to make good pic-
tures with your Kodak are given on the
following pages. They are simple, and
very easily memorized.
You will find many illustrations
which will give you suggestions for
making similar pictures.
LeftActual size of pictures made with Kodak
Vigilant Junior Six-20. The Six-16 makes pictures
2H x 4}^ inches in size.
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LOADING
Fig. 1
THE Kodak may be
loaded in daylight,
but not in direct sun-
light.
To open the back
of the Kodak, push
the button under the
carrying handle in
the direction of the
arrow (Fig. i).
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
Open the back {Fig. 2).
Place the roll of film in the recess
adjoining the hinge of the back, Fig. 3.
Load your Kodak with Kodak Film. See pages 14 and
IS for the descriptions of the different kinds of Kodak
Film. They meet every picture-taking need.
Fig. 4
The spool should be i nsert ed so
that when the
paper is drawn
off, the colored
side of the pa-
per will be up
and the black
side wi ll be
towards the
lens.
Remove the
paper band
and pass the protective paper over
the opening. Thread the paper through
the longer slit in
the empty reel, as
jar as it will go (Fig.
4)-
Turn the winding
knob once or twice
to bind the paper
on the reel (Fig. 5).
Be sure the paper is
started straight.
Close the back, pressing it so that the
spring lock snaps into place.
Fig. 5
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Push the metal plate that covers the
red window on the back of the Kodak
in the direction of the arrow, and turn
the winding knob until a small hand
$ir* appears in the window. Then
turn the knob slowly until the figure
one (i) is centered in the window.
After each picture, turn the knob
until a new number appears in the red
window. This prevents making two
pictures on the same section of film.
The red window should be uncovered
only when winding the film.
OPENING FRONT
PR E S S the button
near the winding
knob to open the
front of the Kodak;
then draw down the
bed carefully until it
locks (Fig. 6). This
will bring the lens
and the shutter into
position. Fig.
The Kodak Vigilant Juniors, Six-2O
and Six-16, with the Kodet Lens, are
fixed-focus models, and therefore no
further adjustments for focusing arc
necessary. To get the subject sharp and
distinct in the picture, the Kodak must
not be nearer than a certain number of
feet to the subject, see table on page ifi.
SETTING THE SHUTTER
THE Dak Shut-
ter has three
set t i ngs. For
snapshots or in-
stantaneous ex-
posures, move
exposure indi-
cator A to "I."
For time or
"bulb" expo-
sures, move exposure indicator A
"T" or "B," see page 19.
It is recommended that immediately
after making a time or "bulb" exposure
the indicator A be moved to letter "I,"
to make the Kodak ready for snapshots.
to
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LENS OPENINGS
THE lens open-
ings regulate the
amount of light
passing through
the lens. The
openings are en-
l ar g ed or re-
duced by mov-
ing the lever B
at the bottom
of the shutter.
For average subjects outdoors when
the sun is shining, move lever B to
//i2.5, and exposure indicator A to "I."
The Outdoor Exposure Guide on the
back cover tells which openings to use
for other types of subjects.
THE FINDERS
THE Kodak Vigilant Juniors have two
finders: The direct view finder and the
reflecting finder.
The D IR EC T VIEW FIN D ER (page 11) is
brought into position by lifting the rear
frame. It shows what will appear in the
picture, but on a much reduced scale.
W hen viewing, hold the Kodak at a
distance from the eye which will make
the edges of the rear opening appear
superimposed on the edges of the front
opening. This'will insure proper aiming
of the Kodak. W hen making the expo-
sure, hold the Kodak steady by pressing
the hand supporting it against the face.
AH vertical lines in the subject should
appear parallel with the vertical sides of
the front frame of the finder, when the
Kodak is held either in the vertical or
horizontal position. Unusual effects can
be obtained by tilting the Kodak.
After composing the picture in either
the direct view or the reflecting finder
of a subject 10 feet or nearer to the
Kodak (see table on page 18), it will be
necessary to move the Kodak a little to
the left if making vertical pictures, or
tilt it up a trifle for horizontal pictures.
This will bring the Kodak to the proper
position to include in the picture what
you wish to photograph.
The R EFLEC TIN G FIN D ER (page 11)
shows what will appear in the picture,
but on a much reduced scale.
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With this finder hold the Kodak firm-
ly against the body at waist level.
Look into the finder
from directly over the
center of it and include
what is wanted by turn-
ing to the right or left-
Only what is seen in
that part of the finder within the dotted
lines in the illustration on the left will ap-
pear in a vertical picture.
To make a horizontal
picture, turn the finder
and hold the Kodak in
the horizontal position.
Only what is seen in
that part of the finder within the dotted
lines in the illustration on the right will
appear in a horizontal picture.
HOLD THE KODAK STEADY
BELOW: Holding the Kodak
for a horizontal picture,
using the reflecting finder.
ABOVE: Holding the Kodak
for a vertical picture, using
the reflecting finder.
SNAP THE PICTURE
Hol d t h e
Ko d a k i n
e i t he r t he
ver t i cal or
h o r i z o n t a l
p o s i t i o n ;
t h e n pr ess
the exposure
l e v e r C.
When press-
ing the lever,
h o l d t h e
b r e a t h f or
the instant. If the Kodak is moved
during the exposure, the picture will be
blurred. Hold the Kodak steady.
A cable release (No. 2) can be used
with this Kodak if it is desired to use
the Kodak Self Timer (an accessory)
for self-portraiture. To attach the cable
release to the shutter, screw it into the
opening directly behind the exposure
lever G. Remove the cable release be-
fore closing the Kodak.
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Working Part s on the Kodak
Fig. 7
CLOSING THE
KODAK
To close the
Kodak, the reflect-
ing finder must be
\^Fin the upright posi-
tion; then press the
same button that
is used to open the
Kodak (Fig. 7),
raise the bed and snap it shut. Front
and bellows fold automatically.
REMOVINGTHEFILM
To U N L O A D the
Kodak after the
last picture has
been made, turn
the wi n d i n g
knob until the
end of the pro-
tective paper on
the roll of film passes the red window.
In a subdued light, open the back of
the Kodak. Hold the end of the paper
taut and turn the knob until all of the
paper is on the roll (Fig. 8). If the
sticker folds under the roll, turn the
knob to bring it up.
10
Fig.8
A . Exposure Indicator
B. L ena O pening L ever
C. Erposure L ever
D . Reflecting Findei
E. Diced View Finder
F. L ock for Back
G Button lor Opening
and Closing Front
H. Bed
I. Vertical Supporl
1 . Lens
K Sbuttei
L. Winding Knob
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Take hold of the end of the protective
paper and sticker, draw out the winding
knob and remove the film. Fold under
the end of the paper, and fasten it with
the sticker.
I M P O R TA N T: A fter removing the film,
do not wind it tightly with a twisting
motion, or it may become scratched.
The film is now ready for develop-
ment, which should be done as soon as
possible. We will be glad to send you
complete instructions for developing
and printing.
Remove the empty spool and place
it in the winding end of the Kodak.
Push in the winding knob, fitting the
flange on the knob into the slot in the
end of the spool. The Kodak should now
be reloaded with Kodak Film, see pages
14 and 15. Keep a roll in the Kodak and
it will be ready at all times to take
pictures.
12
A suggestion ior an interior story telling picture. Such a
picture can be made easily with Photoflood Lamps, see
page 25.
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THE FOUR FI LMS THAT MEET EVERY PI CTURE-TAKI NG NEED
T/ie A! I-Purpose Film
KODAK
VERI CHROME FILM
Fine GroinGreater Speed
KODAK PLUS-X
PANCHROMAT I C
FI LM
Has great speed and is
well balanced for re-
cording tone values in a
black-and-white print.
Its double coating
guards against over-
and underexposure. 8
exposures. V6ao for the
Six-2o Kodak; V6i6
for the Six-16 Kodak.
14
. The high speed and fine
grain of Kodak Plus-X
Panchromatic Film
make it the ideal film
for general outdoor
work when panchroma-
tic results are desired. 8
exposures. PX62oforthe
Six-20 Kodak; PX6i6
for the Six-16 Kodak.
For Pictures at Night
KODAK S UPE R X X
PAN FILM
Gives correct color values
in a black-and-white
print. Its speed makes it
ideal for taking pictures
at night by artificial
light, and outdoor snap-
shots in the shade. 8 ex-
posures. XX6ao for the
Six-so Kodak; XX6i6
for the Six-i6 Kodak.
Pictures in Full Co/or
K O O A C O L O R
FI LM
Exposed outdoors in
bright sunlight only, it
yields color negatives
from which Kodacolor
Prints can be ordered
through Kodak dealers.
6 exposures. C62O for
the Six-20 Kodak; C616
for the Six-i6 Kodak.
15
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S U G G E S T I O N S ON
E XPO S U RE
SNAPSHOTS
WHEN the sun is shining, it should be
behind your back or over the shoulder;
if it shines directly into the lens, it will
blur and fog the picture. However,
beautiful effects can be obtained by
back or side lighting. When the Kodak
is pointed towards the sun, the lens must
be shaded so that the direct sunlight will
not strike the lens; for the best results,
use the Lens Hood of the Kodak Com-
bination Lens Attachments, see page 27.
Snapshots should be made during the
hours from one hour after sunrise until
one hour before sunset. If earlier or
later, the exposures must be longer.
Sunshine is not needed to make snap-
shots with your Kodak Vigilant Junior.
With the largest lens opening ( f / i z . ^ ) ,
satisfactory snapshots can often be made
with the subject in open shade, and on
sli ghtly cloudy or hazy days.
See the Outdoor Exposure Guide on
the back cover of this manual.
For a moving object
the subject should be
moving towards or
away from camera at
an angle of about 45
degrees.
When subject
is in the open
shade make a
snapshot us-
ing f/12.S.
For near-by
subjects on
the beach in
s uns hi ne,
makeasnap-
s h o t wi t h
stop f/16.
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NEARNESS OF SUBJECT
To get the subject sharp and distinct
in the picture, the Kodak must not
be nearer than a certain number of feet
to the subject. This distance varies with
the size of the lens opening used; the
smaller the opening the shorter the
distance. The nearest distance the sub-
ject should be to the lens of the Kodak,
with the different lens openings, is given
in the table below:
For Kodak Vigilant Junior Slx-20
Lens
Opening
//i 2.5
//i 6
//23
//32
Nearest Distance
from Lens to Subject
8 feet
6K feet
5 feet
4 feet
For Kodak Vigilant Junior Six-16
Lens
Opening
//a-5
//i6
//22
jfa
Nearest Distance
from Lens to Subject
i o feet
8K feet
7 feet
5J4 feet
TIME AND"BULB" EXPOSURES
FOR a subject in the deep shade, under
the roof of a porch or under a tree, and
on dark, cloudy days, a time exposure
should be made. Time or "bulb" expo-
sures must also be used for portraits in-
doors by daylight and for pictures of
interiors. For all time or "bulb" expo-
sures the Kodak must be placed on a
tripod or some other steady, firm sup-
portdo not hold it in the hands or the
picture will be blurred.
For short time exposures from one-
half second to ten seconds, "bulb" ex-
posures are recommended.
To make a time exposure, move the
exposure indicator A to the letter "T,"
see page 11, press the exposure lever C
once to open the shutter and again to
close it. For a "bulb" exposure, move
the exposure indicator A to the letter
"B," then press the exposure lever C;
the shutter will remain open as long as
lever G is held down.
ROOMINTERIORS BY DAYLIGHT
To M AKE a picture of a room interior h
daylight, adjust the shutter lor a tirr:
19
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exposure by moving the exposure indi-
cator A at the top of the shutter to
"T." Set the lens opening lever B at
/ "/ i 6 (this opening gives the best aver-
age results).
Place the camera on a tripod (it has
two sockets for this purpose, for vertical
or horizontal pictures), or place it on
some other solid support. The illustra-
tions below show the Kodak in the
vertical and horizontal positions. With
the Kodak on a table, use support I for a
vertical picture. For a horizontal picture
place some small object under the side
and front of the camera to avoid tilting.
Do not place the Kodak more than two
or three inches from the table edge, or
the table will show in the picture.
Compose your subject in the finder to
include more of the floor of the room
than of the ceiling. Be sure there is no
furniture close to the camera lens.
Steady the Kodak and press the ex-
posure lever once to open the shutter.
When the proper time has elapsed (see
Exposure Guide below), press the lever
again to close the shutter.
After the last time exposure has been
made, move the exposure indicator A at
the top of the shutter to "I."
Exposure Guide for Interiors by Daylight
FOR an interior with medium-colored
walls and furnishings and two windows,
with the sun shiningmake an expo-
sure of about 4 . seconds, with / / i6. With
one window, double the exposure, and
21
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if there are more than two wi ndows,
halve the exposure. If the day i s cloudy,
make an exposure of 8 to 16 seconds.
No def i ni te rule can be given for all
interiors because of the great variety of
li ght conditions. It is suggested that a
series of exposures be made f rom about
2 seconds to 16 seconds, usi ng //i 6,
doubli ng each successive exposure.
Interi ors by dayli ght should be made
f rom three hours after sunrise unti l
three hours before sunset; if earlier or
later the exposures must be longer.
The exposures recommended above
are for Kodak Verichrome, and PIus-X
Panchromati c Fi lms; wi th Kodak Super-
XX Pan Film give one-half the exposure.
Best average results are obtained with
//i 6. Double the exposures wi th each
smaller lens opening, and halve the
exposures wi th //I2-5-
DAYTIMEPORTRAITSINDOORS
To M A KE an indoor portrai t by ordi nary
dayli ght, similar to that shown on page
23, have the subject stand or be seated
in f ront of an unshaded wi ndow, wi th
the body pref erably at a diagonal to the
camera.
Place a reflector (a sheet or table-
cloth thrown over a screen or chai r wi ll
do) a few feet f rom the subject and at
the angle shown in the di agram. This re-
flects light to the shaded side of the face.
M ove the exposure i ndi cator A at the
top of the shutter to the letter "B."The
lever B at the bottom of the shutter
should be at//i 2-5-
Place the Kodak in ei ther a verti cal or
horizontal position on a solid support
(or on a tripod) a li ttle higher than an
ordi nary table. The Kodak must not
be more than two or three inches f rom
the edge of the support.
Locate the subject in the finder. The
For large portrai ts use a
Kodak Close-Up Attach-
ment, pages 24 and 25.
SUBJECT
' REFLECTOR
KODAK
n
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subject must not be closer to the lens
than the distance given in the table on
page 18. If the subject is ten feet or
nearer to the lens, move the Kodak a
trifle after composing the picture in the
finder, as described on page 7.
When ready to take the picture,
steady the Kodak to keep it from mov-
ing, and press the exposure lever C to
open the shutter. Keep the pressure on
the lever for one or two secondsde-
pending upon the quality of the light
then release the pressure and the shutter
will close.
KODAK CLOSE-UP ATTACHMENT
THE Kodak Close-up Attachment makes
head and shoulder portraits. It can also
be used for photographing flowers and
similar subjects.
Place the Attachment over the lens
and compose the picture in the finder.
Turn the Kodak just a little to the left,
as the short distance at which the sub-
ject must be from the lens makes it
necessary to center the subject by eye
instead of by the finder.
The subject must be about 3^feet
24
from the lens. Measure the distance
carefully from the lens to the face.
The same exposure is required as
without the Attachment.
Use the Kodak Close-up Attachment No.
6A, with the Kodak Vigilant Juniors
Six-2o and Six-i6, with Kodet Lens.
PHOTOFLOOD PICTURES
INDOOR snapshots can be made using
Photoflood Lamps which give a steady
light of great brilliance.
LAMPSObtain one No. i and one
No. 2 Photoflood Lamp and suitable
reflectors from your photographic dealer.
Photoflood Lamps fit all regular lamp
sockets and the No. 2 lamp gives twice
the light of the No. i lamp.
FILMFor snapshots with Photo-
floods, use only Kodak Super-XX Film.
CAUTION: Do not touch the lamps or
allow them to be in contact with any-
thing while they are in use because they
become quite hot.
SNAPSHOTS WITH PHOTOFLOODS
PLACE the subject near a light-colored
background with a lamp at each side as
shown in the diagram. Both lamps must
25
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be 3X feet from the subject and the
No. 2 lamp should be from 2 to 4 feet
higher than the No. i lamp.
Set the Time Lever at the letter "I."
Hold the camera steady and compose
the picture in the finderbe sure the
lamps are not included in the picture.
Press the Exposure Lever just as you
would to take a snapshot outdoors.
PHOTOFLASH PICTURES
To make flash pictures, obtain a batter y
case with reflector and the'deslred num-
Exposures with No. 5 or SM Flashlamps
Film
Verichrome
Plus-X
Super-XX
Lamp-to-Subject Distance in Feet
SM Flashlanip No. 5 Flashlamp
From 5 ft to 12 ft
From 6 ft to 15 ft
From 8 ft to 20 ft
From 6 ft to 15 ft
From 7 ft to 18 ft
From 9 ft to 25 ft
NOTE: Distances are from lamp to subject
for interiors with light-colored walls and
furnishings and for use with lens open-
ing//12.5.
CAUTION: It is recommended that a pro-
tective transparent screen be used in
front of the reflector as the flashlamps
may shatter. Do not flash lamps in an
explosive atmosphere.
her of SM or No. 5 Photoflash Lamps
from your dealer.
Place the camera on a tripod or on
some other firm support. The distance
between subject and lens should not be
nearer than 8 feet with the Kodak Vigi-
l ant Junior Six-2o or 10 feet with the
Six-16, unless a Kodak Close-Up At-
tachment is used. Adjust the shutter to
make a time exposure; see page 19. Set
the lens opening lever at //IS.5.
Turn out the room lights. Press down
on the exposure lever to open the shut-
ter, flash the lamp, then press the
exposure lever again to close the shutter.
KODAK COMBINATION LENS
ATTACHMENTS
THE Series V Lens Attachments are
used with the Kodak Vigilant Juniors
Six-2O and Six-i6 with the Kodet Lens.
The Kodak Adapter Ring must be i yi
inches in diameter. All Wratten Filters,
supplementary lenses, Pola-Screen and
Lens Hood must be Series V.
EASTMAN KODA K C OMPA NY
ROCHESTER 4, N. Y.
2 7
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"HOW TO MAKE
GOOD PICTURES"
Explains every phase of photogra-
phy in which the amateur is likely
to be interested, including meth-
ods of making pictures, develop-
ing, printing, enlarging, coloring,
interior photography, home por-
traiture, etc. Profusely illustrated.
Sold at your dealer's.
EASTMAN KODAK CO., ROCHESTER 4, N. Y.
Was prepared to help you make
good pictures right from the start,
and consequently get more enjoy-
ment from photography. There are
many Kodak Publ i cati ons on vari-
ous phases of photography avail-
abl e at your Kodak dealer's
some free and some at a nominal
price. Ask for them. Any comments
or questions concerning your re-
sul ts wi th this camera or your
interests in picture mak i ng
wi l l he welcome.
Sales Service Division
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
Rochester 4, New York
B-4S-CH-CX
PRINT tpIN THE UNITED STATES OF
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