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Explain in detail about J2EE multi tier architecture

J2EE is four-tier architecture. These consist of Client Tier (Presentation tier or
Application tier), Web tier, Enterprise JavaBeans Tier(or Business tier), and the
Enterprise Information Systems Tier. Two or more tiers can physically reside on the
same Java Virtual Machine although each tier provides a specific type of functionality
to an application. Some of the APIs of J2EE components can be used on more than
one tier (i.e. XML API), while other APIs (i.e., EJB API) or associated with a
particular tier.

CLIENT TIER
Client tier consists of programs that interact with the user. It prompts the user for
input and then convert the users response into requests that are forwarded to
software on a component that processes the request and returns results to the client
program. J2EE clients can be classified as follows
Web client is a A software(usually browser) that accesses resources located on
the web tier.
Ejb client can access one or more enterprise javabeans that are located on the EJB
tier rather than resources on the web tier.
EIS clients are the interface between users and resources located on the EIS tier.
Multi-tier clients can access components located on tiers other than the tier where
the multi-tier client resides.

WEB TIER
Web tier accepts requests from other software that was sent using POST, GET, and
PUT operations, which are part of HTTP transmissions. The two major components
of web tier are Servlets and Java Server Pages. A servlet is a java class that resides
on the web tier and is called by a request from a browser client that operates on the
client tier. A servlet is associated with a URL that is mapped by the servlet container.
It typically generates an HTML output stream that is returned to the web server. The
web server in turn transmits the data to the client. JSP is different than a servlet
depending on the container that is used. JSP uses custom tags to access the bean.
ENTERPRISE JAVA BEANS TIER
Enterprise java bean is a class that contains business logic and callable from a
servlet or Jsp. EJB tier contains the enterprise java beans server that stores and
manages enterprise java beans. This tier automatically handles concurrency issues
that assure multiple clients have simultaneous access to the same object and also
manages instances of components. EJB server and EJB container is responsible for
low level system services that are essential for implementing business logic.
ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS TIER
This tier provides flexibility to developers of J2EE applications since it include variety
of resources and support connectivity to resources. It defines all the elements that
are needed to communicate between J2EE application and non-J2EE software.
The following figure shows the tiers of J2EE that provides a specific function to an
application.



JDBC Process:


There are seven steps to use JDBC:-


1. Import package:-
java.sql package must be imported into the program.

2. Load the JDBC driver:-
Next, we must either register or load the appropriate driver, for loading, we use
Class.forName() method to which the name of the driver to be loaded is passed as
argument.

Eg: Class.forName (sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver); for registering the driver, we
use the static method of DriverManager class ] i.e.registerDriver.
Eg:DriverManager.registerDriver(new sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver());

3. Connect to the database:-
In order to connect to the database, we use getConnection() method which is
another static method of DriverManager class.
Syntax:- DriverManager.getConnection(String URL, String user, String password);
BROWSER Component Component Client tier
Component Component Component
Component EJB Component
Component Component DBMS
Web tier
Ejb tier
Eis tier
where URL contains driver name and name of database, URL is usually of the form:
protocol:subprotocol:subname where
protocol is always jdbc,
subprotocol is the name of database connectivity mechanism. Eg: odbc, and
subname is DSN.

User and password are the username and password of the database user
respectively.

NOTE: Not all databases require a username and password for each user ( so that
they can access the database), some grant accesses to any user Eg: MS Access.

The getConnection() returns a Connection object which represents a connection to
database.

4. Create Statement object:-

Depending on the type of statement object to be created, the following methods are
used:-

i. To createStatement object:-
con.createStatement();
where con is a connection object. This method returns a Statement object for
sending SQL statement to database.
con.createStatement(int rs,int rsc);
where rs and rsc represents the type and concurrency type of the ResultSet object
to be returned when the statement object is executed.
ii. To create PreparedStatement object:-
con.prepareStatement(String s);
con.prepareStatement(String s,int rs,int concur);

the first form receives the SQL statement as an argument and returns a
PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet statement object with
general type (rs) and concurrency (concurr).
iii. To create CallableStatement object:-
con.prepareCall(String s);
con.prepareCall(String s,int r, int concur) ;

the first form receives the SQL statement as an argument and returns a
CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet statement object with general
type (rs) and concurrency (concurr).

5. Execute the statement object:-

There are various methods of Statement interface:-
. s.execute();
where s is a Statement object. This method is used to execute SQL statements when
there are multiple results returned .It returns true if the first object is ResultSet
object and the ResultSet can be retrieved using getResultSet() of Statement
interface.
i. s.executeQuery(String s);
This method is used to execute an SQL statement (passed as an argument), which
will return in one ResultSet object.
ii. s.executeUpdate(String St);
This is used to execute the INSERT, UPATE and DELETE queries. This returns an
integer, which represent the number (rows) which are affected. This method is also
used for DDL statements
6. Retrieve Results:-
The results returned after executing the statement object are ResultSet.
The ResultSet interface provides various methods to manipulate the result.
7. Closing the statement and connection:-
The statement object can be closed by:- s.close();
s is a statement object to be closed.
The connection can be closed by:- con.close();
con is a connection object to be closed.