Abstract

In this experiment, the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of organic compounds were
analyzed through the comparative investigations and spectrometric analyses. Physical
and chemical properties characterized certain intrinsic physical properties. Simple
observations were used at the odor, color, and other physical states. The compounds
miscibility was experimented by applying the drops or pint of a sample if it was a solid or
liquid. The compounds flammability was determined by placing 3-5 drops of the liquid
sample inside an evaporating dish and quickly igniting it with a match. Solubility of the
samples in water was tested by reacting individually with Litmus paper. The following
should be done such ascompounds have different water solubility due to their varying
polarities, the solubility in acids or base leads to a more detailed information about the
compound and the different physical and chemical properties and determining by using
infrared spectroscopy.

Introduction
Carbon chains in varying sizes and
strength has become the basis of most
organic compound since carbon atoms
easily connect with other atoms
easily.The most commonly seen atoms
with carbon are hydrogen, nitrogen, and
oxygen. Hydrocarbons are all insoluble
in water because they are easy to
distribute and they are not polar.
Hydrocarbons are divided into saturated
and unsaturated hydrocarbons:
saturated hydrocarbons contain only
single bonds while unsaturated
hydrocarbons contain double and triple
bonds. These types often have similar
physical properties but have different
chemical properties such as vapor
pressure, miscibility, and flammability.
IR and NMR are also used for a
detailed analysis of the organic
compounds and to differentiate and
identify the compounds by the
relationship of the molecules.

Materials and Methods
A.) Materials
The materials required to perform
this experiment are:
For solubility properties: samples
(DCM, cyclohexane, ethanol, phenol,
benzoic acid, ethyl acetate, and ethyl
amine), 5% HCl solution, 5% NaOH
solution, distilled water, test tubes,
calibrated dropper.
For Litmus Paper Reaction: Red and
blue litmus paper, samples.
For Ignition Test: matches, evaporating
dish, samples.
B.) Methods
For Solubility Properties and Litmus
Paper





Adding
solvents to
the
samples.
Do not heat the
mixture. Observe the
solubility of the
samples.
Insoluble in
water.
If soluble, test
with red and
blue litmus
paper. Take
note of the
litmus papers
changes.




For Ignition Test














1.) Solubility Properties and Litmus
Paper Reactions
Samples were added separately in the
test tubes. If the sample was solid, it
needs to be grinded in order to increase
surface area and it is added by 0.1 g
while liquid samples are added by 4
drops. They are then tested for their
properties by adding 5% HCl and
5%NaOH solutions separately. The
mixtures are not to be heated. Based on
the amount of solvent added, the
sample was described as very soluble,
soluble, slightly soluble, or insoluble. If it
was a liquid, it was described as
miscible, slightly miscible, or immiscible.
If the sample was soluble in water,
a small amount was taken from it and
tested on red and blue litmus papers.
The color change of each one was to be
noted.
2.) Ignition Test
The sample was placed in a small
evaporating dish. Matches were used to
light up the samples. If the sample was
flammable, the color and burning time of
the flame was to be noted.









Results and Discussions
After the procedure, the following results
are obtained:
Table 1 shows the experiment results on
the samples
Place the liquid and
solid samples
seperately in a small
evaporating dish.
Ignite the samples
Not
flammable.
Flammable
. Note the
color of
the flame
and
burning
time.


Before the experiment, the physical
states of the samples were determined in
order to properly perform the experiment.
The only solid sample was benzoic acid
therefore it was the only one that was
grinded in order to increase the surface
area. Most of the samples are colorless in
nature except for phenol, benzoic acid and
ethylamine. For the odor, every sample had
varying ones.
After the solubility test on water, only
cyclohexane and phenol were immiscible
with benzoic acid being slightly soluble.
While on 5% NaOH, only cyclohexane,
DCM and phenol are immiscible. Lastly in
5% HCltest, most of the samples were
immiscible except for ethanol and
ethylamine.
For the litmus paper test, most of the
samples were acidic except for DCM and






For the litmus paper test, most of the
samples were acidic except for DCM
andethanol being neutral while ethylamine
was basic. It was determined to be basic,
acidic or neutral by simply applying a small
amount on red and blue litmus paper. If the
blue turned red, it was acidic while if the red
one turned blue, it was basic. It was
determined to be neutral if no change
occurred.
On the ignition test, only ethanol and
ethylamine produced a valid flame when
ignited with matches.
The infrared analysis was not
performed in this experiment due to time
constraint and lack of equipment to perform
the test.


References
Consiglio, D., Kirouac, B. Organic
Chemistry. Oakland, USA: Oakland Schools
Chemistry Resource Unit
Test
Compounds
Cyclohexane DCM Ethanol Phenol Benzoic
Acid
Ethyl
acetate
Ethylamine
Condensed
structural
formula

Physical
state at RT
liquid liquid Liquid liquid solid liquid Liquid
Color Colorless colorless Colorless reddish white colorless Light yellow
Odor gas-like smell Mild paste
smell
Alcohol-smell Paste-smell Gas smell Plastic
balloon
smell
Formalin smell
Water
solubility
Immiscible Miscible Miscible Immiscible Slightly
soluble
Miscible Miscible
5% NaOH
solubility
Immiscible Immiscible Miscible Miscible Soluble Immiscible Immiscible
5% HCl
solubility
Immiscible immiscible Miscible immiscible insoluble immiscible Miscible
Reaction with
Litmus Paper
Acidic No effect No effect acidic acidic acidic Basic
Ignition Test No ignition No ignition Ignited No ignition No ignition ignited ignited
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Spectroscopy Tutorial. Retrieved on
September 10, 2013 on
http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/ir
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